<-- Begin file 18 of 26: Letter R (Version 0.46)
This file is part 18 of the GNU version of
The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Also referred to as GCIDE
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This dictionary was derived from the
Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary
Version published 1913
by the C. & G. Merriam Co.
Springfield, Mass.
Under the direction of
Noah Porter, D.D., LL.D.
and from
WordNet, a semantic network created by
the Cognitive Science Department
of Princeton University
under the direction of
Prof. George Miller
and is being updated and supplemented by
an open coalition of volunteer collaborators from
around the world.
This electronic dictionary is the starting point for an
ongoing project to develop a modern on-line comprehensive encyclopedic
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large and freely available knowledge base. Contributions of data,
time, and effort are requested from any person willing to assist creation
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Last edited January 17, 2002.
-->
R.
R(. R, the eighteenth letter of the English alphabet, is a vocal consonant. It is sometimes called a semivowel, and a liquid. See Guide to Pronunciation, \'bdR is the dog's letter and hurreth in the sound.\'b8 B. Jonson. 1913 Webster]
In words derived from the Greek language the letter h is generally written after r to represent the aspirated sound of the Greek "r, but does not affect the pronunciation of the English word, as rhapsody, rhetoric. 1913 Webster]
The English letter derives its form from the Greek through the Latin, the Greek letter being derived from the Phl, s, and n; as in bandore, mandole; purple, L. purpura; E. chapter, F. chapitre, L. capitulum; E. was, were; hare, G. hase; E. order, F. ordre, L. ordo, ordinis; E. coffer, coffin. 1913 Webster]
The three Rs, a jocose expression for reading, (w)riting, and (a)rithmetic, -- the fundamentals of an education. 1913 Webster]
R&D(, n.[research and development.]research and development; used mostly to refer to the division of a corporation responsible for performing research and developing new products; -- a commonly used abbreviation. Syn. -- R and D, research and development.
[PJC]
Ra(r, n.A roe; a deer. [Obs.] Chaucer. 1913 Webster]
Ra-. A prefix, from the Latin re and ad combined, coming to us through the French and Italian. See Re-, and Ad-. 1913 Webster]
Raash(r, n.[Cf. Ar. ra'ash trembling, tremor.](Zo\'94l.)The electric catfish.[Written also raasch.] 1913 Webster]
Rab(r, n.A rod or stick used by masons in mixing hair with mortar. 1913 Webster]
Rab"at(r, n.[See Rabot.]A polishing material made of potter's clay that has failed in baking. 1913 Webster]
\'d8Ra`bat"(r, n.[F. Cf. Rabato.](Eccl.)(a)A clerical linen collar.(b)A kind of clerical scarf fitted to a collar; as, a black silk rabat. Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Ra*bate"(r, v. t.[F. rabattre to beat down; pref. re- + abattre. See Abate, and cf. Rebate, v.](Falconry)To recover to the fist, as a hawk. [Obs.] 1913 Webster]
Rab"a*tine(r, n.[See Rabato.]A collar or cape. [Obs.] Sir W. Scott. 1913 Webster]
Ra*ba"to(r, n.[F. rabat, fr. rabattre. See Rabate.]A kind of ruff for the neck; a turned-down collar; a rebato. [Obs.] Shak. 1913 Webster]
Rab*bate"(r, v. t.[See Rabate.]To abate or diminish. [Obs.] -- n.Abatement. [Obs.] 1913 Webster]
Rab"bet(r, v. t.[imp. & p. p.Rabbeted; p. pr. & vb. n.Rabbeting.][F. raboter to plane, plane down,rabot a plane; pref. re- re- + OF. abouter, aboter. See Abut, and cf. Rebut.]1.To cut a rabbet in; to furnish with a rabbet. 1913 Webster]
2.To unite the edges of, as boards, etc., in a rabbet joint. 1913 Webster]
Rab"bet, n.[See Rabbet, v., and cf. Rebate, n.] 1913 Webster]
1.(Carp.)A longitudinal channel, groove, or recess cut out of the edge or face of any body; especially, one intended to receive another member, so as to break or cover the joint, or more easily to hold the members in place; thus, the groove cut for a panel, for a pane of glass, or for a door, is a rabbet, or rebate. 1913 Webster]
2.Same as Rabbet joint, below. 1913 Webster]
Rabbet joint(Carp.), a joint formed by fitting together rabbeted boards or timbers; -- called also rabbet. --
Rabbet plane, a joiner's plane for cutting a rabbet.Moxon. 1913 Webster]
Rab"bi(ror r, n.; pl.Rabbis(ror r or Rabbies.[L., fr. Gr. "rabbi`, Heb. rab\'c6 my master, from rab master, lord, teacher, akin to Ar. rabb.]Master; lord; teacher; -- a Jewish title of respect or honor for a teacher or doctor of the law. \'bdThe gravest rabbies.\'b8 Milton. 1913 Webster]
Be not ye called Rabbi, for one is your Master, even Christ, and all ye are brethren.Matt. xxiii. 8. 1913 Webster]
Rab"bin(r, n.[F.]Same as Rabbi. 1913 Webster]
{ Rab*bin"ic(r, Rab*bin"ic*al(r, }a.[Cf. F. rabbinique.]Of or pertaining to the rabbins or rabbis, or pertaining to the opinions, learning, or language of the rabbins. \'bdComments staler than rabbinic.\'b8 Lowell. 1913 Webster]
We will not buy your rabbinical fumes.Milton. 1913 Webster]
Rab*bin"ic(r, n.The language or dialect of the rabbins; the later Hebrew. 1913 Webster]
Rab*bin"ic*al*ly, adv.In a rabbinical manner; after the manner of the rabbins. 1913 Webster]
Rab"bin*ism(r, n.[Cf. F. rabbinisme.]1.A rabbinic expression or phraseology; a peculiarity of the language of the rabbins. 1913 Webster]
2.The teachings and traditions of the rabbins. 1913 Webster]
Rab"bin*ist(r, n.[Cf. F. rabbiniste.]One among the Jews who adhered to the Talmud and the traditions of the rabbins, in opposition to the Karaites, who rejected the traditions. 1913 Webster]
Rab"bin*ite(r, n.Same as Rabbinist. 1913 Webster]
Rab"bit(r, n.[OE. rabet, akin to OD. robbe, robbeken.](Zo\'94l.)Any of the smaller species of the genus Lepus, especially the common European species (Lepus cuniculus), which is often kept as a pet, and has been introduced into many countries. It is remarkably prolific, and has become a pest in some parts of Australia and New Zealand. 1913 Webster]
Lepus sylvatica) is similar but smaller. See Cottontail, and Jack rabbit, under 2d Jack. The larger species of Lepus are commonly called hares. See Hare. 1913 Webster]
Angora rabbit(Zo\'94l.), a variety of the domestic rabbit having long, soft fur. --
Rabbit burrow, a hole in the earth made by rabbits for shelter and habitation. --
Rabbit fish. (Zo\'94l.)(a)The northern chim\'91ra (Chim\'91ra monstrosa). (b)Any one of several species of plectognath fishes, as the bur fish, and puffer. The term is also locally applied to other fishes. --
Rabbits' ears. (Bot.)See Cyclamen.<-- a type of antenna with two long narrow metal prongs, usually arranged so as to remeniscent of erect rabbit's ears. --> --
Rabbit warren, a piece of ground appropriated to the breeding and preservation of rabbits.Wright. --
Rock rabbit. (a)(Zo\'94l.)See Daman, and Klipdas.(b)the pika. --
Welsh rabbit, a dish of which the chief constituents are melted cheese over toasted bread, flavored in various ways, as with ale, beer, milk, or spices. The name is popularly said to be a corruption of Welsh rare bit, but it is probably merely a humorous designation; -- also called Welsh rarebit. 1913 Webster]
Rab"bit*ing, n.The hunting of rabbits.T. Hughes. 1913 Webster]
Rab"bit*ry(r, n.A place where rabbits are kept; especially, a collection of hutches for tame rabbits. 1913 Webster]
Rab"ble(r, n.[Etymol. uncertain.](Iron Manuf.)An iron bar, with the end bent, used in stirring or skimming molten iron in the process of puddling. 1913 Webster]
Rab"ble, v. t.To stir or skim with a rabble, as molten iron. 1913 Webster]
Rab"ble, v. i.[Akin to D. rabbelen, Prov. G. rabbeln, to prattle, to chatter: cf. L. rabula a brawling advocate, a pettifogger, fr. rabere to rave. Cf. Rage.]To speak in a confused manner. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] 1913 Webster]
Rab"ble, n.[Probably named from the noise made by it (see Rabble, v. i.) cf. D. rapalje rabble, OF. & Prov. F. rapaille.]1.A tumultuous crowd of vulgar, noisy people; a mob; a confused, disorderly throng. 1913 Webster]
I saw, I say, come out of London, even unto the presence of the prince, a great rabble of mean and light persons.Ascham. 1913 Webster]
Jupiter, Mercury, Bacchus, Venus, Mars, and the whole rabble of licentious deities.Bp. Warburton. 1913 Webster]
2.A confused, incoherent discourse; a medley of voices; a chatter. 1913 Webster]
The rabble, the lowest class of people, without reference to an assembly; the dregs of the people. \'bdThe rabble call him \'bflord.'\'b8 Shak. 1913 Webster]
Rab"ble, a.Of or pertaining to a rabble; like, or suited to, a rabble; disorderly; vulgar. [R.] Dryden. 1913 Webster]
Rab"ble, v. t.[imp. & p. p.Rabbled(r; p. pr. & vb. n.Rabbling(r.]1.To insult, or assault, by a mob; to mob; as, to rabble a curate.Macaulay. 1913 Webster]
The bishops' carriages were stopped and the prelates themselves rabbled on their way to the house.J. R. Green. 1913 Webster]
2.To utter glibly and incoherently; to mouth without intelligence. [Obs. or Scot.] Foxe. 1913 Webster]
3.To rumple; to crumple. [Scot.] 1913 Webster]
Rab"ble*ment(r, n.A tumultuous crowd of low people; a rabble. \'bdRude rablement.\'b8 Spenser. 1913 Webster]
And still, as he refused it, the rabblement hooted.Shak. 1913 Webster]
Rab"ble-rout`(r, n.A tumultuous crowd; a rabble; a noisy throng. 1913 Webster]
Rab*doid"al(r, a.[Gr. "ra`bdos a rod + -oid + -al.](Anat.)See Sagittal.[Written also rhabdoidal.] 1913 Webster]
Rab*dol"o*gy(r, n.[Gr. "ra`bdos rod, stick + -logy: cf. F. rabdologie.]The method or art of performing arithmetical operations by means of Napier's bones. See Napier's bones.[Written also rhabdology.] 1913 Webster]
Rab"do*man`cy(r, n.[Gr. "ra`bdos rod + -mancy.]Divination by means of rods or wands.[Written also rhabdomancy.]Sir T. Browne. 1913 Webster]
Rab"id(r, a.[L. rabidus, from rabere to rave. See Rage, n.]1.Furious; raging; extremely violent. 1913 Webster]
The rabid flight Chapman. 1913 Webster]
2.Extreme, unreasonable, or fanatical in opinion; excessively zealous; as, a rabid socialist. 1913 Webster]
3.Affected with the distemper called rabies; mad; as, a rabid dog or fox. 1913 Webster]
4.(Med.)Of or pertaining to rabies, or hydrophobia; as, rabid virus. 1913 Webster]
Ra"bot(r, n.[F.]A rubber of hard wood used in smoothing marble to be polished.Knight. 1913 Webster]
\'d8Ra"ca(r, a.[Gr. "raka`, from Chaldee r.]A term of reproach used by the Jews of our Savior's time, meaning \'bdworthless.\'b8 1913 Webster]
Whosoever shall say to his brother, Raca, shall be in danger of the council.Matt. v. 22. 1913 Webster]
\'d8Ra`ca`hout"(r, n.[F. racahout, probably fr. Ar. r\'beqaut.]A preparation from acorns used by the Arabs as a substitute for chocolate, and also as a beverage for invalids. 1913 Webster]
Rac*coon"(r, n.[F. raton, prop., a little rat, fr. rat rat, perhaps of German origin. See Rat.](Zo\'94l.)A North American nocturnal carnivore (Procyon lotor) allied to the bears, but much smaller, and having a long, full tail, banded with black and gray. Its body is gray, varied with black and white. Called also coon, and mapach. 1913 Webster]
Raccoon dog(Zo\'94l.), the tanate. --
Raccoon fox(Zo\'94l.), the cacomixle. 1913 Webster]
Race(r, v. t.To raze. [Obs.] Spenser. 1913 Webster]
<-- p. 1182 pr=vmg -->
Race(r, n.[OF. ra\'8bz, L. radix, -icis. See Radix.]A root. \'bdA race or two of ginger.\'b8 Shak. 1913 Webster]
Race ginger, ginger in the root, or not pulverized. 1913 Webster]
Race, n.[F. race; cf. Pr. & Sp. raza, It. razza; all from OHG. reiza line, akin to E. write. See Write.] 1913 Webster]
1.The descendants of a common ancestor; a family, tribe, people, or nation, believed or presumed to belong to the same stock; a lineage; a breed. 1913 Webster]
The whole race of mankind.Shak. 1913 Webster]
Whence the long race of Alban fathers come.Dryden. 1913 Webster]
Caucasian, or white race, to which belong the greater part of the European nations and those of Western Asia; the Mongolian, or yellow race, occupying Tartary, China, Japan, etc.; the Ethiopian, or negro race, occupying most of Africa (except the north), Australia, Papua, and other Pacific Islands; the American, or red race, comprising the Indians of North and South America; and the Malayan, or brown race, which occupies the islands of the Indian Archipelago, etc. Many recent writers classify the Malay and American races as branches of the Mongolian. See Illustration in Appendix. 1913 Webster]
2.Company; herd; breed. 1913 Webster]
For do but note a wild and wanton herd, race of youthful and unhandled colts, Shak. 1913 Webster]
3.(Bot.)A variety of such fixed character that it may be propagated by seed. 1913 Webster]
4.Peculiar flavor, taste, or strength, as of wine; that quality, or assemblage of qualities, which indicates origin or kind, as in wine; hence, characteristic flavor; smack. \'bdA race of heaven.\'b8 Shak. 1913 Webster]
Is it [the wine] of the right race ?Massinger. 1913 Webster]
5.Hence, characteristic quality or disposition. [Obs.] 1913 Webster]
And now I give my sensual race the rein.Shak. 1913 Webster]
Some . . . great race of fancy or judgment.Sir W. Temple. 1913 Webster]
Race, n.[OE. ras, res, rees, AS. r a rush, running; akin to Icel. r\'bes course, race. 1.A progress; a course; a movement or progression. 1913 Webster]
2.Esp., swift progress; rapid course; a running. 1913 Webster]
The flight of many birds is swifter than the race of any beasts.Bacon. 1913 Webster]
3.Hence: The act or process of running in competition; a contest of speed in any way, as in running, riding, driving, skating, rowing, sailing; in the plural, usually, a meeting for contests in the running of horses; as, he attended the races. 1913 Webster]
The race is not to the swift.Eccl. ix. 11. 1913 Webster]
I wield the gauntlet, and I run the race.Pope. 1913 Webster]
4.Competitive action of any kind, especially when prolonged; hence, career; course of life. 1913 Webster]
My race of glory run, and race of shame.Milton. 1913 Webster]
5.A strong or rapid current of water, or the channel or passage for such a current; a powerful current or heavy sea, sometimes produced by the meeting of two tides; as, the Portland Race; the Race of Alderney. 1913 Webster]
6.The current of water that turns a water wheel, or the channel in which it flows; a mill race. 1913 Webster]
headrace, the part below, the tailrace. 1913 Webster]
7.(Mach.)A channel or guide along which a shuttle is driven back and forth, as in a loom, sewing machine, etc. 1913 Webster]
Race cloth, a cloth worn by horses in racing, having pockets to hold the weights prescribed. --
Race course. (a)The path, generally circular or elliptical, over which a race is run. (b)Same as Race way, below. --
Race cup, a cup given as a prize to the victor in a race. --
Race glass, a kind of field glass. --
Race horse. (a)A horse that runs in competition; specifically, a horse bred or kept for running races. (b)A breed of horses remarkable for swiftness in running. (c)(Zo\'94l.)The steamer duck. (d)(Zo\'94l.)A mantis. --
Race knife, a cutting tool with a blade that is hooked at the point, for marking outlines, on boards or metals, as by a pattern, -- used in shipbuilding. --
Race saddle, a light saddle used in racing. --
Race track. Same as Race course(a), above. --
Race way, the canal for the current that drives a water wheel. 1913 Webster]
Race, v. i.[imp. & p. p.Raced(r; p. pr. & vb. n.Racing(r.]1.To run swiftly; to contend in a race; as, the animals raced over the ground; the ships raced from port to port. 1913 Webster]
2.(Steam Mach.)To run too fast at times, as a marine engine or screw, when the screw is lifted out of water by the action of a heavy sea. 1913 Webster]
Race, v. t.1.To cause to contend in a race; to drive at high speed; as, to race horses. 1913 Webster]
2.To run a race with. 1913 Webster]
Race"a*bout`(r, n.(Naut.)A small sloop-rigged racing yacht carrying about six hundred square feet of sail, distinguished from a knockabout by having a short bowsprit. Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Ra*ce"mate(r, n.(Chem.)A salt of racemic acid. 1913 Webster]
Rac`e*ma"tion(r, n.[L. racematio a gleaning, fr. racemari to glean, racemus a cluster of grapes. See Raceme.]1.A cluster or bunch, as of grapes.Sir T. Browne. 1913 Webster]
2.Cultivation or gathering of clusters of grapes. [R.] Bp. Burnet. 1913 Webster]
Ra*ceme"(r, n.[L. racemus a bunch of berries, a cluster of grapes. See Raisin.](Bot.)A flower cluster with an elongated axis and many one-flowered lateral pedicels, as in the currant and chokecherry. 1913 Webster]
Compound raceme, one having the lower pedicels developed into secondary racemes. 1913 Webster]
Ra*cemed"(r, a.(Bot.)Arranged in a raceme, or in racemes. 1913 Webster]
Ra*ce"mic(r, a.[Cf. F. rac\'82mique. See Raceme.](Chem.)Pertaining to, or designating, an acid found in many kinds of grapes. It is also obtained from tartaric acid, with which it is isomeric, and from sugar, gum, etc., by oxidation. It is a sour white crystalline substance, consisting of a combination of dextrorotatory and levorotatory tartaric acids.Gregory. 1913 Webster]
Rac`e*mif"er*ous(r, a.[L. racemifer bearing clusters; racemus cluster + ferre to bear: cf. F. rac\'82mif\'8are.](Bot.)Bearing racemes, as the currant. 1913 Webster]
Ra*cem"i*form(r, a.Having the form of a raceme.Gray. 1913 Webster]
Rac"e*mose`(r, a.[L. racemosus full of clusters.]Resembling a raceme; growing in the form of a raceme; as, (Bot.)racemose berries or flowers; (Anat.) the racemose glands, in which the ducts are branched and clustered like a raceme.Gray. 1913 Webster]
Rac"e*mous(r, a.[Cf. F. rac\'82meux.]See Racemose. 1913 Webster]
Rac"e*mule(r, n.(Bot.)A little raceme. 1913 Webster]
Ra*cem"u*lose`(r, a.(Bot.)Growing in very small racemes. 1913 Webster]
Ra"cer(r, n.1.One who, or that which, races, or contends in a race; esp., a race horse. 1913 Webster]
And bade the nimblest racer seize the prize.Pope. 1913 Webster]
2.(Zo\'94l.)The common American black snake. 1913 Webster]
3.(Mil.)One of the circular iron or steel rails on which the chassis of a heavy gun is turned. 1913 Webster]
Race suicide. The voluntary failure of the members of a race or people to have a number of children sufficient to keep the birth rate equal to the death rate. Webster 1913 Suppl.]
{ Rach, Rache(r }, n.[AS. r\'91cc; akin to Icel. rakki.](Zo\'94l.)A dog that pursued his prey by scent, as distinguished from the greyhound. [Obs.] 1913 Webster]
\'d8Ra`chi*al"gi*a(r, n.[NL., fr. Gr. "ra`chis backbone + 'a`lgos pain.](Med.)A painful affection of the spine; especially, Pott's disease; also, formerly, lead colic. 1913 Webster]
Ra*chid"i*an(r, a.[See Rachis.](Anat. & Zo\'94l.)Of or pertaining to the rachis; spinal; vertebral. Same as Rhachidian. 1913 Webster]
\'d8Ra*chil"la(r, n.[NL.](Bot.)Same as Rhachilla. 1913 Webster]
Ra"chi*o*dont(r, a.(Zo\'94l.)Same as Rhachiodont. 1913 Webster]
\'d8Ra"chis(r, n.; pl. E. Rachises(r, L. Rachides(r.[NL., fr. Gr. "ra`chis, -ios.][Written also rhachis.]1.(Anat.)The spine; the vertebral column. 1913 Webster]
2.(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)Same as Rhachis. 1913 Webster]
Ra*chit"ic(r, a.[Cf. F. rachitique. See Rachitis.](Med.)Of or pertaining to rachitis; affected by rachitis; rickety. 1913 Webster]
\'d8Ra*chi"tis(r, n.[NL., fr. Gr. "rachi^tis (sc. nosos), fr. "ra`chis, -ios, the spine.][Written also rhachitis.]1.(Med.)Literally, inflammation of the spine, but commonly applied to the rickets. See Rickets. 1913 Webster]
2.(Bot.)A disease which produces abortion in the fruit or seeds.Henslow. 1913 Webster]
Ra"chi*tome(r, n.[F., fr. Gr. "ra`chis, -ios, the spine + te`mnein to cut.]A dissecting instrument for opening the spinal canal.[Written also rachiotome.] 1913 Webster]
Ra"cial(r, a.Of or pertaining to a race or family of men; as, the racial complexion. 1913 Webster]
Ra"ci*ly(r, adv.In a racy manner. 1913 Webster]
Ra"ci*ness(r, n.The quality of being racy; peculiar and piquant flavor. 1913 Webster]
The general characteristics of his [Cobbett's] style were perspicuity, unequaled and inimitable; . . . a purity always simple, and raciness often elegant.London Times. 1913 Webster]
Ra"cing(r, a. & n. from Race, v. t. & i. 1913 Webster]
Racing crab(Zo\'94l.), an ocypodian. 1913 Webster]
Rack(r, n.Same as Arrack. 1913 Webster]
Rack, n.[AS. hracca neck, hinder part of the head; cf. AS. hraca throat, G. rachen throat, E. retch.]The neck and spine of a fore quarter of veal or mutton. 1913 Webster]
Rack, n.[See Wreck.]A wreck; destruction. [Obs., except in a few phrases.] 1913 Webster]
Rack and ruin, destruction; utter ruin. [Colloq.] --
To go to rack, to perish; to be destroyed. [Colloq.] \'bdAll goes to rack.\'b8 Pepys. 1913 Webster]
Rack, n.[Prob. fr. Icel. rek drift, motion, and akin to reka to drive, and E. wrack, wreck. Thin, flying, broken clouds, or any portion of floating vapor in the sky.Shak. 1913 Webster]
The winds in the upper region, which move the clouds above, which we call the rack, . . . pass without noise.Bacon. 1913 Webster]
And the night rack came rolling up.C. Kingsley. 1913 Webster]
Rack, v. i.To fly, as vapor or broken clouds. 1913 Webster]
Rack, v. i.[imp. & p. p.Racked(r; p. pr. & vb. n.Racking.][See Rack that which stretches, or Rock, v.]To amble fast, causing a rocking or swaying motion of the body; to pace; -- said of a horse.Fuller. 1913 Webster]
Rack, n.A fast amble. 1913 Webster]
Rack, v. t.[Cf. OF. vin raqu\'82 wine squeezed from the dregs of the grapes.]To draw off from the lees or sediment, as wine. 1913 Webster]
It is in common practice to draw wine or beer from the lees (which we call racking), whereby it will clarify much the sooner.Bacon. 1913 Webster]
Rack vintage, wine cleansed and drawn from the lees.Cowell. 1913 Webster]
Rack, n.[Probably fr. D. rek, rekbank, a rack, rekken to stretch; akin to G. reck, reckbank, a rack, recken to stretch, Dan. r\'91kke, Sw. r\'84cka, Icel. rekja to spread out, Goth. refrakjan to stretch out; cf. L. porrigere, Gr. 'ore`gein. Right, a., Ratch.]1.An instrument or frame used for stretching, extending, retaining, or displaying, something. Specifically: (a)An engine of torture, consisting of a large frame, upon which the body was gradually stretched until, sometimes, the joints were dislocated; -- formerly used judicially for extorting confessions from criminals or suspected persons. 1913 Webster]
During the troubles of the fifteenth century, a rack was introduced into the Tower, and was occasionally used under the plea of political necessity.Macaulay. 1913 Webster]
(b)An instrument for bending a bow.(c)A grate on which bacon is laid.(d)A frame or device of various construction for holding, and preventing the waste of, hay, grain, etc., supplied to beasts.(e)A frame on which articles are deposited for keeping or arranged for display; as, a clothes rack; a bottle rack, etc.(f)(Naut.)A piece or frame of wood, having several sheaves, through which the running rigging passes; -- called also rack block. Also, a frame to hold shot.(g)(Mining)A frame or table on which ores are separated or washed.(h)A frame fitted to a wagon for carrying hay, straw, or grain on the stalk, or other bulky loads.(i)A distaff. 1913 Webster]
2.(Mech.)A bar with teeth on its face, or edge, to work with those of a wheel, pinion, or worm, which is to drive it or be driven by it. 1913 Webster]
3.That which is extorted; exaction. [Obs.] Sir E. Sandys. 1913 Webster]
Mangle rack. (Mach.)See under Mangle. n. --
Rack block. (Naut.)See def. 1 (f), above. --
Rack lashing, a lashing or binding where the rope is tightened, and held tight by the use of a small stick of wood twisted around. --
Rack rail(Railroads), a toothed rack, laid as a rail, to afford a hold for teeth on the driving wheel of a locomotive for climbing steep gradients, as in ascending a mountain. --
Rack saw, a saw having wide teeth. --
Rack stick, the stick used in a rack lashing. --
To be on the rack, to suffer torture, physical or mental. --
To live at rack and manger, to live on the best at another's expense. [Colloq.] --
To put to the rack, to subject to torture; to torment. 1913 Webster]
A fit of the stone puts a king to the rack, and makes him as miserable as it does the meanest subject.Sir W. Temple. 1913 Webster]
Rack(r, v. t.1.To extend by the application of force; to stretch or strain; specifically, to stretch on the rack or wheel; to torture by an engine which strains the limbs and pulls the joints. 1913 Webster]
He was racked and miserably tormented.Foxe. 1913 Webster]
2.To torment; to torture; to affect with extreme pain or anguish. 1913 Webster]
Vaunting aloud but racked with deep despair.Milton. 1913 Webster]
3.To stretch or strain, in a figurative sense; hence, to harass, or oppress by extortion. 1913 Webster]
The landlords there shamefully rack their tenants.Spenser. 1913 Webster]
They [landlords] rack their rents an ace too high.Gascoigne. 1913 Webster]
Grant that I may never rack a Scripture simile beyond the true intent thereof.Fuller. 1913 Webster]
Try what my credit can in Venice do; racked even to the uttermost.Shak. 1913 Webster]
4.(Mining)To wash on a rack, as metals or ore. 1913 Webster]
5.(Naut.)To bind together, as two ropes, with cross turns of yarn, marline, etc. 1913 Webster]
To rack one's brainsor
To rack one's brains outor
To rack one's wits, to exert one's thinking processes to the utmost for the purpose of accomplishing something; as, I racked my brains out trying to find a way to solve the problem. 1913 Webster +PJC]
Syn. -- To torture; torment; rend; tear. 1913 Webster]
Rack"a*bones`(r, n.A very lean animal, esp. a horse. [Colloq. U. S.] 1913 Webster]
Rack"a*rock`(r, n.[Rack to stretch, strain + a + rock.]A Sprengel explosive consisting of potassium chlorate and mono-nitrobenzene. Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Rack"er(r, n.1.One who racks. 1913 Webster]
2.A horse that has a racking gait. 1913 Webster]
Rack"et(r, n.[F. raquette; cf. Sp. raqueta, It. racchetta, which is perhaps for retichetta, and fr. L. rete a net (cf. Reticule); or perh. from the Arabic; cf. Ar. r\'beha the palm of the hand (used at first to strike the ball), and OF. rachette, rasquette, carpus, tarsus.][Written also racquet.]1.A thin strip of wood, having the ends brought together, forming a somewhat elliptical hoop, across which a network of catgut or cord is stretched. It is furnished with a handle, and is used for catching or striking a ball in tennis and similar games. 1913 Webster]
Each one [of the Indians] has a bat curved like a crosier, and ending in a racket.Bancroft. 1913 Webster]
2.A variety of the game of tennis played with peculiar long-handled rackets; -- chiefly in the plural.Chaucer. 1913 Webster]
3.A snowshoe formed of cords stretched across a long and narrow frame of light wood. [Canada] 1913 Webster]
4.A broad wooden shoe or patten for a man or horse, to enable him to step on marshy or soft ground. 1913 Webster]
Racket court, a court for playing the game of rackets. 1913 Webster]
Rack"et, v. t.To strike with, or as with, a racket. 1913 Webster]
Poor man [is] racketed from one temptation to another.Hewyt. 1913 Webster]
Rack"et, n.[Gael. racaid a noise, disturbance.]1.confused, clattering noise; din; noisy talk or sport. 1913 Webster]
2.A carouse; any reckless dissipation. [Slang] 1913 Webster]
Rack"et, n.1.A scheme, dodge, trick, or the like; something taking place considered as exciting, trying, unusual, or the like; also, such occurrence considered as an ordeal; as, to work a racket; to stand upon the racket. [Slang] Webster 1913 Suppl.]
2.an organized illegal activity, such as illegal gambling, bootlegging, or extortion. PJC]
Rack"et, v. i.[imp. & p. p.Racketed; p. pr. & vb. n.Racketing.]1.To make a confused noise or racket. 1913 Webster]
2.To engage in noisy sport; to frolic.Sterne. 1913 Webster]
3.To carouse or engage in dissipation. [Slang] 1913 Webster]
Rack"et*er(r, n.One who makes, or engages in, a racket. 1913 Webster]
Rack"ett(r, n.[Etymol. uncertain.](Mus.)An old wind instrument of the double bassoon kind, having ventages but not keys. 1913 Webster]
Rack"et-tail(r, n.(Zo\'94l.)Any one of several species of humming birds of the genus Steganura, having two of the tail feathers very long and racket-shaped. 1913 Webster]
Rack"et-tailed`(r, a.(Zo\'94l.)Having long and spatulate, or racket-shaped, tail feathers. 1913 Webster]
Rack"et*y(r, a.Making a tumultuous noise. 1913 Webster]
Rack"ing, n.(Naut.)Spun yarn used in racking ropes. 1913 Webster]
Rack"-rent`(r, n.A rent of the full annual value of the tenement, or near it; an excessive or unreasonably high rent.Blackstone. 1913 Webster]
Rack"-rent`, v. t.To subject to rack-rent, as a farm or tenant. 1913 Webster]
Rack"-rent`er(r, n.1.One who is subjected to paying rack-rent. 1913 Webster]
2.One who exacts rack-rent. 1913 Webster]
<-- p. 1183 pr=vmg -->
Rack"tail`(r, n.(Horol.)An arm attached to a swinging notched arc or rack, to let off the striking mechanism of a repeating clock. 1913 Webster]
Rack"work`(r, n.Any mechanism having a rack, as a rack and pinion. 1913 Webster]
\'d8Ra`con`teur"(r, n.[F.]A relater; a storyteller. 1913 Webster]
\'d8Ra*coon"da(r, n.[From a native name.](Zo\'94l.)The coypu. 1913 Webster]
Ra*co"vi*an(r, n.[From Racow.](Eccl. Hist.)One of a sect of Socinians or Unitarians in Poland. 1913 Webster]
Rac"quet(r, n.See Racket. 1913 Webster]
Ra"cy(r, a.[Compar.Racier(r; superl.Raciest.][From Race a tribe, family.]1.Having a strong flavor indicating origin; of distinct characteristic taste; tasting of the soil; hence, fresh; rich. 1913 Webster]
The racy wine, Pope. 1913 Webster]
2.Hence: Exciting to the mental taste by a strong or distinctive character of thought or language; peculiar and piquant; fresh and lively. 1913 Webster]
Our raciest, most idiomatic popular words.M. Arnold. 1913 Webster]
Burns's English, though not so racy as his Scotch, is generally correct.H. Coleridge. 1913 Webster]
The rich and racy humor of a natural converser fresh from the plow.Prof. Wilson. 1913 Webster]
3.somewhat suggestive of sexual themes; slightly improper; risqu\'82. PJC]
Syn. -- Spicy; spirited; lively; smart; piquant; risqu\'81. -- Racy, Spicy. Racy refers primarily to that peculiar flavor which certain wines are supposed to derive from the soil in which the grapes were grown; and hence we call a style or production racy when it \'bdsmacks of the soil,\'b8 or has an uncommon degree of natural freshness and distinctiveness of thought and language. Spicy, when applied to style, has reference to a spirit and pungency added by art, seasoning the matter like a condiment. It does not, like racy, suggest native peculiarity. A spicy article in a magazine; a spicy retort. Racy in conversation; a racy remark. 1913 Webster]
Rich, racy verses, in which we Cowley. 1913 Webster]
Rad(r, n.[radiation absorbed dose.]a unit of measurement of the amount of ionizing radiation absorbed by an object, equal to an energy of 100 ergs per gram of irradiated material (equal to 0.01 gray). PJC]
Rad(r, obs. imp. & p. p. of Read, Rede.Spenser. 1913 Webster]
Rad"de(r, obs. imp. of Read, Rede.Chaucer. 1913 Webster]
Rad"dle(r, n.[Cf. G. r\'84der, r\'84del, sieve, or perhaps E. reed.]1.A long, flexible stick, rod, or branch, which is interwoven with others, between upright posts or stakes, in making a kind of hedge or fence. 1913 Webster]
2.A hedge or fence made with raddles; -- called also raddle hedge.Todd. 1913 Webster]
3.An instrument consisting of a wooden bar, with a row of upright pegs set in it, used by domestic weavers to keep the warp of a proper width, and prevent tangling when it is wound upon the beam of the loom. 1913 Webster]
Rad"dle(r, v. t.To interweave or twist together. 1913 Webster]
Raddling or working it up like basket work.De Foe. 1913 Webster]
Rad"dle(r, n.[Cf. Ruddle.]A red pigment used in marking sheep, and in some mechanical processes; ruddle. \'bdA raddle of rouge.\'b8 Thackeray. 1913 Webster]
Rad"dle, v. t.To mark or paint with, or as with, raddle. \'bdWhitened and raddled old women.\'b8 Thackeray. 1913 Webster]
\'d8Ra`deau"(r, n.[F.]A float; a raft. 1913 Webster]
Three vessels under sail, and one at anchor, above Split Rock, and behind it the radeau Thunderer.W. Irving. 1913 Webster]
Ra"di*al(r, a.[Cf. F. radial. See Radius.]Of or pertaining to a radius or ray; consisting of, or like, radii or rays; radiated; as, (Bot.)radial projections; (Zo\'94l.)radial vessels or canals; (Anat.) the radial artery. 1913 Webster]
Radial symmetry. (Biol.)See under Symmetry. 1913 Webster]
\'d8Ra`di*a"le(r, n.; pl.Radialia(r.[NL. See Radial.]1.(Anat.)The bone or cartilage of the carpus which articulates with the radius and corresponds to the scaphoid bone in man. 1913 Webster]
2.pl.(Zo\'94l.)Radial plates in the calyx of a crinoid. 1913 Webster]
Radial engine. (Mach.)An engine, usually an internal-combustion engine of a certain type (the
radial type) having several cylinders arranged radially like the spokes of a complete wheel. The
semiradial engine has radiating cylinders on only one side of the crank shaft. Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Ra"di*al*ly(r, adv.In a radial manner. 1913 Webster]
Radial tire. (Automobiles)a motor vehicle tire in which the cords run at right angles to the plane of the tire (considered as a disk). PJC]
Ra"di*an(r, n.[From Radius.](Math.)An arc of a circle which is equal to the radius, or the angle measured by such an arc. 1913 Webster]
{ Ra"di*ance(r, Ra"di*an*cy(r, }n.The quality of being radiant; brilliancy; effulgence; vivid brightness; as, the radiance of the sun. 1913 Webster]
Girt with omnipotence, with radiance crowned.Milton. 1913 Webster]
Ra"di*ant(r, a.[L. radians, -antis, p. pr. of radiare to emit rays or beams, fr. radius ray: cf. F. radiant. See Radius, Ray a divergent line.]1.Emitting or proceeding as from a center; resembling rays; radiating; radiate. 1913 Webster]
2.Especially, emitting or darting rays of light or heat; issuing in beams or rays; beaming with brightness; emitting a vivid light or splendor; as, the radiant sun. 1913 Webster]
Mark what radiant state she spreads.Milton. 1913 Webster]
3.Beaming with vivacity and happiness; as, a radiant face. 1913 Webster]
4.(Her.)Giving off rays; -- said of a bearing; as, the sun radiant; a crown radiant. 1913 Webster]
5.(Bot.)Having a raylike appearance, as the large marginal flowers of certain umbelliferous plants; -- said also of the cluster which has such marginal flowers. 1913 Webster]
6.(Physics)Emitted or transmitted by radiation; as, a radiant energy; radiant heat. Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Radiant energy(Physics), energy given out or transmitted by radiation, as in the case of light and radiant heat. --
Radiant heat, heat proceeding in right lines, or directly from the heated body, after the manner of light, in distinction from heat conducted or carried by intervening media. --
Ra"di*ant, n.1.(Opt.)The luminous point or object from which light emanates; also, a body radiating light brightly. 1913 Webster]
2.(Geom.)A straight line proceeding from a given point, or fixed pole, about which it is conceived to revolve. 1913 Webster]
3.(Astron.)The point in the heavens at which the apparent paths of shooting stars meet, when traced backward, or whence they appear to radiate. 1913 Webster]
Ra"di*ant*ly(r, adv.In a radiant manner; with glittering splendor. 1913 Webster]
Ra"di*a*ry(r, n.[Cf. F. radiaire.](Zo\'94l.)A radiate. [Obs.] 1913 Webster]
\'d8Ra`di*a"ta(r, n. pl.[NL., fr. radiatus, p. p. See Radiate.](Zo\'94l.)An extensive artificial group of invertebrates, having all the parts arranged radially around the vertical axis of the body, and the various organs repeated symmetrically in each ray or spheromere. 1913 Webster]
1913 Webster]
Ra"di*ate(r, v. i.[imp. & p. p.Radiated(r; p. pr. & vb. n.Radiating.][L. radiatus, p. p. of radiare to furnish with spokes or rays, to radiate, fr. radius ray. See Radius, Ray a divergent line.]1.To emit rays; to be radiant; to shine. 1913 Webster]
Virtues shine more clear radiate like the sun at noon.Howell. 1913 Webster]
2.To proceed in direct lines from a point or surface; to issue in rays, as light or heat. 1913 Webster]
Light radiates from luminous bodies directly to our eyes.Locke. 1913 Webster]
Ra"di*ate, v. t.1.To emit or send out in direct lines from a point or points; as, to radiate heat. 1913 Webster]
2.To enlighten; to illuminate; to shed light or brightness on; to irradiate. [R.] 1913 Webster]
Ra"di*ate(r, a.[L. radiatus, p. p.]1.Having rays or parts diverging from a center; radiated; as, a radiate crystal. 1913 Webster]
2.(Bot.)Having in a capitulum large ray florets which are unlike the disk florets, as in the aster, daisy, etc. 1913 Webster]
3.(Zo\'94l.)Belonging to the Radiata. 1913 Webster]
Ra"di*ate, n.(Zo\'94l.)One of the Radiata. 1913 Webster]
Ra"di*a`ted(r, a.1.Emitted, or sent forth, in rays or direct lines; as, radiated heat. 1913 Webster]
2.Formed of, or arranged like, rays or radii; having parts or markings diverging, like radii, from a common center or axis; as, a radiated structure; a radiated group of crystals. 1913 Webster]
3.(Zo\'94l.)Belonging to the Radiata. 1913 Webster]
Ra"di*ate*ly(r, adv.In a radiate manner; with radiation or divergence from a center. 1913 Webster]
Ra"di*ate-veined`(r, a.(Bot.)Having the principal veins radiating, or diverging, from the apex of the petiole; -- said of such leaves as those of the grapevine, most maples, and the castor-oil plant. 1913 Webster]
Ra`di*at"i*form(r, a.(Bot.)Having the marginal florets enlarged and radiating but not ligulate, as in the capitula or heads of the cornflower.Gray. 1913 Webster]
Ra`di*a"tion(r, n.[L. radiatio: cf. F. radiation.]1.The act of radiating, or the state of being radiated; emission and diffusion of rays of light; beamy brightness. 1913 Webster]
2.The shooting forth of anything from a point or surface, like the diverging rays of light; as, the radiation of heat. 1913 Webster]
Ra"di*a*tive(r, a.Capable of radiating; acting by radiation.Tyndall. 1913 Webster]
Ra"di*a`tor(r, n.1.That which radiates or emits rays, whether of light or heat; especially, that part of a heating apparatus from which the heat is radiated or diffused; as, a steam radiator. 1913 Webster]
2.Any of various devices for cooling an internal substance by radiation, as a system of rings on a gun barrel for cooling it, or a nest of tubes with large radiating surface for cooling circulating water, as in an automobile. Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Rad"i*cal(r, a.[F., fr. L. radicalis having roots, fr. radix, -icis, a root. See Radix.]1.Of or pertaining to the root; proceeding directly from the root. 1913 Webster]
2.Hence: Of or pertaining to the root or origin; reaching to the center, to the foundation, to the ultimate sources, to the principles, or the like; original; fundamental; thorough-going; unsparing; extreme; as, radical evils; radical reform; a radical party. 1913 Webster]
The most determined exertions of that authority, against them, only showed their radical independence.Burke. 1913 Webster]
3.(Bot.)(a)Belonging to, or proceeding from, the root of a plant; as, radical tubers or hairs.(b)Proceeding from a rootlike stem, or one which does not rise above the ground; as, the radical leaves of the dandelion and the sidesaddle flower. 1913 Webster]
4.(Philol.)Relating, or belonging, to the root, or ultimate source of derivation; as, a radical verbal form. 1913 Webster]
5.(Math.)Of or pertaining to a radix or root; as, a radical quantity; a radical sign. See below. 1913 Webster]
Radical axis of two circles. (Geom.)See under Axis. --
Radical pitch, the pitch or tone with which the utterance of a syllable begins.Rush. --
Radical quantity(Alg.), a quantity to which the radical sign is prefixed; specifically, a quantity which is not a perfect power of the degree indicated by the radical sign; a surd. --
Radical sign(Math.), the sign r, the initial of radix, root), placed before any quantity, denoting that its root is to be extracted; thus, a, or a + b). To indicate any other than the square root, a corresponding figure is placed over the sign; thus, a, indicates the third or cube root of a. --
Radical stress(Elocution), force of utterance falling on the initial part of a syllable or sound. --
Radical vessels(Anat.), minute vessels which originate in the substance of the tissues. 1913 Webster]
Syn. -- Primitive; original; natural; underived; fundamental; entire. -- Radical, Entire. These words are frequently employed as interchangeable in describing some marked alteration in the condition of things. There is, however, an obvious difference between them. A radical cure, reform, etc., is one which goes to the root of the thing in question; and it is entire, in the sense that, by affecting the root, it affects in an appropriate degree the entire body nourished by the root; but it may not be entire in the sense of making a change complete in its nature, as well as in its extent. Hence, we speak of a radical change; a radical improvement; radical differences of opinion; while an entire change, an entire improvement, an entire difference of opinion, might indicate more than was actually intended. A certain change may be both radical and entire, in every sense. 1913 Webster]
Rad"i*cal(r, n.1.(Philol.)(a)A primitive word; a radix, root, or simple, underived, uncompounded word; an etymon.(b)A primitive letter; a letter that belongs to the radix. 1913 Webster]
The words we at present make use of, and understand only by common agreement, assume a new air and life in the understanding, when you trace them to their radicals, where you find every word strongly stamped with nature; full of energy, meaning, character, painting, and poetry.Cleland. 1913 Webster]
2.(Politics)One who advocates radical changes in government or social institutions, especially such changes as are intended to level class inequalities; -- opposed to conservative. 1913 Webster]
In politics they [the Independents] were, to use the phrase of their own time, \'bdRoot-and-Branch men,\'b8 or, to use the kindred phrase of our own, Radicals.Macaulay. 1913 Webster]
3.(Chem.)(a)A characteristic, essential, and fundamental constituent of any compound; hence, sometimes, an atom. 1913 Webster]
As a general rule, the metallic atoms are basic radicals, while the nonmetallic atoms are acid radicals.J. P. Cooke. 1913 Webster]
(b)Specifically, a group of two or more atoms, not completely saturated, which are so linked that their union implies certain properties, and are conveniently regarded as playing the part of a single atom; a residue; -- called also a compound radical. Cf. Residue. 1913 Webster]
4.(Alg.)A radical quantity. See under Radical, a. 1913 Webster]
An indicated root of a perfect power of the degree indicated is not a radical but a rational quantity under a radical form.Davies & Peck (Math. Dict.) 1913 Webster]
5.(Anat.)A radical vessel. See under Radical, a. 1913 Webster]
Rad"i*cal*ism(r, n.[Cf. F. radicalisme.]The quality or state of being radical; specifically, the doctrines or principles of radicals in politics or social reform. 1913 Webster]
Radicalism means root work; the uprooting of all falsehoods and abuses.F. W. Robertson. 1913 Webster]
Rad`i*cal"i*ty(r, n.1.Germinal principle; source; origination. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. 1913 Webster]
2.Radicalness; relation to a root in essential nature or principle. 1913 Webster]
Rad"i*cal*ly(r, adv.1.In a radical manner; at, or from, the origin or root; fundamentally; as, a scheme or system radically wrong or defective. 1913 Webster]
These great orbs thus radically bright.Prior. 1913 Webster]
Rad"i*cal*ness, n.Quality or state of being radical. 1913 Webster]
Rad"i*cant(r, a.[L. radicans, p. pr.: cf. F. radicant. See Radicate, a.](Bot.)Taking root on, or above, the ground; rooting from the stem, as the trumpet creeper and the ivy. 1913 Webster]
Rad"i*cate(r, a.[L. radicatus, p. p. of radicari to take root, fr. radix. See Radix.]Radicated. 1913 Webster]
Rad"i*cate(r, v. i.To take root; to become rooted.Evelyn. 1913 Webster]
Rad"i*cate, v. t.[imp. & p. p.Radicated(r; p. pr. & vb. n.Radicating.]To cause to take root; to plant deeply and firmly; to root. 1913 Webster]
Time should . . . rather confirm and radicate in us the remembrance of God's goodness.Barrow. 1913 Webster]
Rad"i*ca`ted(r, a.Rooted; specifically: (a)(Bot.)Having roots, or possessing a well-developed root.(b)(Zo\'94l.)Having rootlike organs for attachment. 1913 Webster]
Rad`i*ca"tion(r, n.[Cf. F. radication.]1.The process of taking root, or state of being rooted; as, the radication of habits. 1913 Webster]
2.(Bot.)The disposition of the roots of a plant. 1913 Webster]
Rad"i*cel(r, n.[Dim. of radix.](Bot.)A small branch of a root; a rootlet. 1913 Webster]
Ra*dic"i*form(r, a.(Bot.)Having the nature or appearance of a radix or root. 1913 Webster]
Rad"i*cle(r, n.[L. radicula, dim. of radix, -icis, root: cf. F. radicule. See Radix.](Bot.)(a)The rudimentary stem of a plant which supports the cotyledons in the seed, and from which the root is developed downward; the stem of the embryo; the caulicle.(b)A rootlet; a radicel. 1913 Webster]
Ra*dic"u*lar(r, a.Of or pertaining to roots, or the root of a plant. 1913 Webster]
Rad"i*cule(r, n.(Bot.)A radicle. 1913 Webster]
Ra*dic"u*lose`(r, a.(Bot.)Producing numerous radicles, or rootlets. 1913 Webster]
Ra"di*i(r, n., pl. of Radius. 1913 Webster]
Ra"di*o-(r, a.1.Of or pertaining to, or employing, or operated by, radiant energy, specifically that of electromagnetic waves with frequencies between those of infrared radiation and X-rays; hence, pertaining to, or employed in, broadcast radio or television, microwaves, radiotelephones, etc.; as, radio waves. Webster 1913 Suppl. +PJC]
2.of or pertaining to broadcast radio; as, a radio program. PJC]
Ra"di*o-(r. A combining form indicating connection with, or relation to, a radius or ray; specifically(Anat.), with the radius of the forearm; as, radio-ulnar, radio-muscular, radio-carpal. 1913 Webster]
ra`di*o*ac"tive(r, a.[Radio- + active.]1.(Physics)Capable of luminescence under the action of cathode rays, X rays, or any of the allied forms of radiation. [obsolete] Webster 1913 Suppl.]
2.(Physics)of, exhibiting, or caused by radioactivity. PJC]
ra`di*o*ac*tiv"i*ty(r, n.(Physics)a form of instability which is a property of the atomic nuclei of certain isotopes, which causes a spontaneous change in the structure of the nucleus, accompanied by emission of energetic radiation. The radiation emitted is usually sufficient to cause ionization in matter through which it passes, and is therefore called ionizing radiation. The radiation emitted by most radioactive substances is one of three types: alpha rays, beta rays, or gamma rays. Some chemical elements have no stable isotopes, and these are referred to as radioactive elements, and the element itself is said to possess radioactivity.The changes in radioactive nuclei which cause radiation in most cases cause the chemical identity of the nucleus itself to change, as when tritium (an isotope of hydrogen) emits a beta ray and converts to helium. The radioactive decay process is a first-order reaction, and the rate of decay of a particular isotope can therefore be expressed as the half life of the isotope, which is the time it takes for one half of the remaining undecayed isotope to decay, and is a constant independent of the proportion of original material which has already decayed. The half life of tritium, for example, is 12.3 years. PJC]
Ra`di*o*con*duc"tor(r, n.(Elec.)A substance or device that has its conductivity altered in some way by electric waves, as a coherer. Webster 1913 Suppl.]
\'d8Ra`di*o-flag`el*la"ta(r, n. pl.[NL. See Radiate, and Flagellata.](Zo\'94l.)A group of Protozoa having both flagella and pseudopodia. 1913 Webster]
ra"di*o*graph(r, n.[Radio- + -graph.]1.An instrument for measuring and recording solar radiation. Webster 1913 Suppl.]
2.An image or picture produced upon a sensitive surface, as of a photographic or fluorescent plate, by some form of penetrating radiation other than light, as X-rays, beta rays, etc.; esp., a picture of the internal structure of opaque objects traversed by the rays; a skiagraph. When the picture is produced upon photographic film by X-rays, the picture is usually called an X-ray photo or X-ray. When an image is produced on photographic film by a radioactive substance in close proximity to the film, in a manner so as to record the spatial distribution of the radioactive substance, the resulting image is called an autoradiograph or autoradiogram. Webster 1913 Suppl. +PJC]
ra"di*o*graph(r, v. t.To make a radiograph of. -- ra`di*og"ra*pher(r, n. Webster 1913 Suppl.]
ra`di*og"ra*phy(r, n.Art or process of making radiographs, radiograms, or autoradiograms. -- ra`di*o*graph"ic(r, ra`di*o*graph"ic*al(r, a. -- Ra`di*o*graph"ic*al*ly, adv. Webster 1913 Suppl.]
<-- p. 1184 pr=vmg -->
\'d8Ra`di*o*la"ri*a(r, n. pl.[NL. See Radioli.](Zo\'94l.)Order of rhizopods, usually having a siliceous skeleton, or shell, and sometimes radiating spicules. The pseudopodia project from the body like rays. It includes the polycystines. See Polycystina. 1913 Webster]
Ra`di*o*la"ri*an(r, a.(Zo\'94l.)Of or pertaining to the Radiolaria. -- n.One of the Radiolaria. 1913 Webster]
\'d8Ra*di"o*li(r, n. pl.; sing. Radiolus(r. [NL., dim. of L. radius radius: cf. L. radiolus a feeble sunbeam.](Zo\'94l.)The barbs of the radii of a feather; barbules. 1913 Webster]
Ra"di*o*lite(r, n.[L. radius ray + -lite: cf. F. radiolithe.](Paleon.)A hippurite. 1913 Webster]
2.(Physics)An instrument designed for measuring the mechanical effect of radiant energy. 1913 Webster]
1913 Webster]
Ra`di*om"e*try(r, n.(Physics)The use of the radiometer, or the measurement of radiation. -- Ra`di*o*met"ric(r, a. Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Ra`di*o*mi*crom"e*ter(r, n.[Radio- + micrometer.](Physics)A very sensitive modification or application of the thermopile, used for indicating minute changes of radiant heat, or temperature. 1913 Webster]
Ra"di*o*phare(r, n.[Radio- + phare.]A radiotelegraphic station serving solely for determining the position of ships. The radius of operation of such stations was restricted by the International Radiotelegraphic Convention (1912) to 30 nautical miles. Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Ra"di*o*phone(r, n.[Radio- + Gr. fwnh` sound.]1.(Physics)An apparatus for the production of sound by the action of luminous or thermal rays. It is essentially the same as the photophone. 1913 Webster]
2.a telephone using radio waves, rather than wires, to convey the voice signal. PJC]
Ra`di*oph"o*ny(r, n.(Physics)The art or practice of using the radiophone. 1913 Webster]
Ra`di*os"co*py(r, n.[Radio- + -scopy.]Direct observation of objects opaque to light by means of some other form of radiant energy, as x-rays. -- Ra`di*o*scop"ic(r, Ra`di*o*scop"ic*al(r, a. Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Ra`di*o*tel"e*gram(r, n.A message transmitted by radiotelegraph. Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Ra`di*o*tel`e*graph"ic(r, a.Of or pertaining to radiotelegraphy; employing, or used or employed in, radiotelegraphy. Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Ra`di*o*te*leg"ra*phy(r, n.[Radio- + telegraphy.]Telegraphy using the radiant energy of radio waves; wireless telegraphy; -- the term adopted for use by the Radiotelegraphic Convention of 1912. Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Ra`di*o*tel"e*phone(r, n.A wireless telephone, in which the signal is conveyed by radio waves. -- Ra`di*o*te*leph"o*ny(#), n. Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Ra`di*o*ther"a*py(r, n.[Radio- + therapy.](Med.)Treatment of disease by means of x-rays or radioactivity. Radiotherapy of cancer is based on the fact that cancer cells are more sensitive to radiation than most other cells in the body. Webster 1913 Suppl. +PJC]
ra`di*o*tho"ri*um(r, n.(Chem.)an earlier name for the thorium isotope thorium-228, given by its discoverer Otto Hahn. It is a radioactive substance formed as one of series of products in the chain of radioactive decay of thorium. Its immediate predecessor in the chain is Actinium-228, and it decays by alpha emission to radium-224 with a half-life of 1.91 years. The name radiothorium was given prior to the full understanding of the nature of isotopes of elements. PJC]
ra"di*ous(r, a.[L. radiosus.]1.Consisting of rays, as light. [R.] Berkeley. 1913 Webster]
2.Radiating; radiant. [Obs.] G. Fletcher. 1913 Webster]
Rad"ish(r, n.[F. radis; cf. It. radice, Pr. raditz: all fr. L. radix, -icis, a root, an edible root, especially a radish, akin to E. wort. See Wort, and cf. Eradicate, Race a root, Radix.](Bot.)The pungent fleshy root of a well-known cruciferous plant (Raphanus sativus); also, the whole plant. 1913 Webster]
Radish fly(Zo\'94l.), a small two-winged fly (Anthomyia raphani) whose larv\'91 burrow in radishes. It resembles the onion fly. --
Rat-tailed radish(Bot.), an herb (Raphanus caudatus) having a long, slender pod, which is sometimes eaten. --
Wild radish(Bot.), the jointed charlock. 1913 Webster]
Ra`di*um(r, n.[NL., fr. L. radius ray.](Chem.)An intensely radioactive metallic element found (combined) in minute quantities in pitchblende, and various other uranium minerals. Symbol, Ra; atomic weight, 226.4. Radium was discovered by M. and Mme. Curie, of Paris, who in 1902 separated compounds of it by a tedious process from pitchblende. Its compounds color flames carmine and give a characteristic spectrum. It is divalent, resembling barium chemically. The main isotope of radium found in pitchblende, radium-226, has a half-life of 1620 years, decaying first by alpha emission to radon.Radium preparations are remarkable for maintaining themselves at a higher temperature than their surroundings, and for their radiations, which are of three kinds: alpha rays, beta rays, and gamma rays (see these terms). The beta and gamma rays seen in radium preparations are in fact due to disintegration of decay products of radium rather than the radium itself. By reason of these rays they ionize gases, affect photographic plates, cause sores on the skin, and produce many other striking effects. Their degree of activity depends on the proportion of radium present, but not on its state of chemical combination or on external conditions. The radioactivity of radium is therefore an atomic property, and is due to an inherent instability of the atomic nucleus which causes its decay in a process whose rate is first order. The disintegration of the radium nucleus is only the first in a series of nuclear disintegrations leading to production of a series of elements and isotopes. The chain has at least seven stages; the successive main products have been studied and are radon, a gaseous radioactive element belonging chemically to the inert noble gas series (originally called radium emanation or exradio, radium A, radium B, radium C, etc. The successive products are unstable isotopes of several different elements, each with an atomic weight a little lower than its predecessor. Lead is the stable end product. At the same time, the light gas helium is formed, being generated when the expelled alpha particles (positively charged helium nuclei) acquire electrons. Radium, in turn, is formed in the pitchblende ore by a slow disintegration of uranium. Natural radium and also an isotope (radium-228, also called mesothorium I) formed by the decay of thorium, were at one time used to make a luminous paint for watch dials, until the danger of the radioactivity became fully appreciated, and use of such material in watches was discontinued. See also mesothorium. Webster 1913 Suppl. +PJC]
Ra"di*us(r, n.; pl. L. Radii(r; E. Radiuses(r.[L., a staff, rod, spoke of a wheel, radius, ray. See Ray a divergent line.]1.(Geom.)A right line drawn or extending from the center of a circle to the periphery; the semidiameter of a circle or sphere. 1913 Webster]
2.(Anat.)The preaxial bone of the forearm, or brachium, corresponding to the tibia of the hind limb. See Illust. of Artiodactyla. 1913 Webster]
1913 Webster]
3.(Bot.)A ray, or outer floret, of the capitulum of such plants as the sunflower and the daisy. See Ray, 2. 1913 Webster]
4.pl.(Zo\'94l.)(a)The barbs of a perfect feather.(b)Radiating organs, or color-markings, of the radiates. 1913 Webster]
5.The movable limb of a sextant or other angular instrument.Knight. 1913 Webster]
Radius bar(Mach.), a bar pivoted at one end, about which it swings, and having its other end attached to a piece which it causes to move in a circular arc. --
Radius of curvature. See under Curvature. 1913 Webster]
\'d8Ra"di*us vec"tor(v. 1.(Math.)A straight line (or the length of such line) connecting any point, as of a curve, with a fixed point, or pole, round which the straight line turns, and to which it serves to refer the successive points of a curve, in a system of polar co\'94rdinates. See Co\'94rdinate, n. 1913 Webster]
2.(Astron.)An ideal straight line joining the center of an attracting body with that of a body describing an orbit around it, as a line joining the sun and a planet or comet, or a planet and its satellite. 1913 Webster]
Ra"dix(r, n.; pl. L. Radices(r, E. Radixes(r.[L. radix, -icis, root. See Radish.]1.(Philol.)A primitive word, from which spring other words; a radical; a root; an etymon. 1913 Webster]
2.(Math.)(a)A number or quantity which is arbitrarily made the fundamental number of any system; a base. Thus, 10 is the radix, or base, of the common system of logarithms, and also of the decimal system of numeration.(b)(Alg.)A finite expression, from which a series is derived. [R.] Hutton. 1913 Webster]
3.(Bot.)The root of a plant. 1913 Webster]
Ra"don(r, n.(Chem.)An intensely radioactive gaseous element produced by the radioactive decay of radium-226, which is the main isotope of radium found in pitchblende. Chemically it is an inert noble gas. Its atomic symbol is Rn. It has an atomic number of 86. The radon isotope produced by decay of radium has an atomic weight of 222.017, and this isotope decays by alpha emission with a half-life of 3.82 days. Numerous other isotopes have been observed, all radioactive and all having half-lives shorter than that of radon-222. Radon was discovered by M. and Mme. Curie, of Paris, in their studies of the radioactive substances in pitchblende. Radon was originally called radium emanation or exradio. PJC]
\'d8Rad"u*la(r, n.; pl.Radul\'91(r.[L., a scraper, fr. radere to scrape.](Zo\'94l.)The chitinous ribbon bearing the teeth of mollusks; -- called also lingual ribbon, and tongue. See Odontophore. 1913 Webster]
Raff(r, v. t.[imp. & p. p.Raffed(r; p. pr. & vb. n.Raffing.][OF. raffer, of German origin; cf. G. raffen; akin to E. rap to snatch. See Rap, and cf. Riffraff, Rip to tear.]To sweep, snatch, draw, or huddle together; to take by a promiscuous sweep. [Obs.] 1913 Webster]
Causes and effects which I thus raff up together.Carew. 1913 Webster]
Raff, n.1.A promiscuous heap; a jumble; a large quantity; lumber; refuse. \'bdA raff of errors.\'b8 Barrow. 1913 Webster]
2.The sweepings of society; the rabble; the mob; -- chiefly used in the compound or duplicate, riffraff. 1913 Webster]
3.A low fellow; a churl. 1913 Webster]
Raff merchant, a dealer in lumber and odd refuse. [Prov. Eng.] 1913 Webster]
Raf`fa*el*esque"(r, a.Raphaelesque. 1913 Webster]
Raf"fi*a(r, n.(Bot.)A fibrous material used for tying plants, said to come from the leaves of a palm tree of the genus Raphia.J. Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants). 1913 Webster]
Raf"fi*a palm(r. (a)A pinnate-leaved palm (Raphia ruffia) native of Madagascar, and of considerable economic importance on account of the strong fiber (raffia) obtained from its leafstalks.(b)The jupati palm. Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Raf"fi*nose`(r, n.[F. raffiner to refine.](Chem.)A colorless crystalline slightly sweet substance obtained from the molasses of the sugar beet. 1913 Webster]
Raff"ish(r, a.Resembling, or having the character of, raff, or a raff; worthless; low. 1913 Webster]
A sad, raffish, disreputable character.Thackeray. 1913 Webster]
Raf"fle(r, n.[F. rafle; faire rafle to sweep stakes, fr. rafler to carry or sweep away, rafler tout to sweep stakes; of German origin; cf. G. raffeln to snatch up, to rake. See Raff, v.]1.A kind of lottery, in which several persons pay, in shares, the value of something put up as a stake, and then determine by chance (as by casting dice) which one of them shall become the sole possessor. 1913 Webster]
2.A game of dice in which he who threw three alike won all the stakes. [Obs.] Cotgrave. 1913 Webster]
Raf"fle(r, n.[See Raff, n. & v., and Raffle.]Refuse; rubbish; raff. Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Raf"fle, v. i.[imp. & p. p.Raffled(r; p. pr. & vb. n.Raffling(r.]To engage in a raffle; as, to raffle for a watch. 1913 Webster]
Raf"fle, v. t.To dispose of by means of a raffle; -- often followed by off; as, to raffle off a horse. 1913 Webster]
Raf"fler(r, n.One who raffles. 1913 Webster]
\'d8Raf*fle"si*a(r, n.[NL. Named from its discoverer, Sir S. Raffles.](Bot.)A genus of stemless, leafless plants, living parasitically upon the roots and stems of grapevines in Malaysia. The flowers have a carrionlike odor, and are very large, in one species (Rafflesia Arnoldi) having a diameter of two or three feet. 1913 Webster]
Raft(r, obs. imp. & p. p. of Reave.Spenser. 1913 Webster]
Raft, n.[Originally, a rafter, spar, and fr. Icel. raptr a rafter; akin to Dan. raft, Prov. G. raff a rafter, spar; cf. OHG. r\'befo, r\'bevo, a beam, rafter, Icel. r\'bef roof. Cf. Rafter, n.]1.A collection of logs, boards, pieces of timber, or the like, fastened together, either for their own collective conveyance on the water, or to serve as a support in conveying other things; a float. 1913 Webster]
2.A collection of logs, fallen trees, etc. (such as is formed in some Western rivers of the United States), which obstructs navigation. [U.S.] 1913 Webster]
3.[Perhaps akin to raff a heap.]A large collection of people or things taken indiscriminately. [Slang, U. S.] \'bdA whole raft of folks.\'b8 W. D. Howells. 1913 Webster]
Raft bridge. (a)A bridge whose points of support are rafts. (b)A bridge that consists of floating timbers fastened together. --
Raft duck. [The name alludes to its swimming in dense flocks.](Zo\'94l.)(a)The bluebill, or greater scaup duck; -- called also flock duck. See Scaup.(b)The redhead. --
Raft port(Naut.), a large, square port in a vessel's side for loading or unloading timber or other bulky articles; a timber or lumber port. 1913 Webster]
Raft, v. t.[imp. & p. p.Rafted; p. pr. & vb. n.Rafting.]To transport on a raft, or in the form of a raft; to make into a raft; as, to raft timber. 1913 Webster]
Raf"te(r, obs. imp. of Reave.Chaucer. 1913 Webster]
Raft"er(r, n.A raftsman. 1913 Webster]
Raft"er, n.[AS. r\'91fter; akin to E. raft, n. See Raft.](Arch.)Originally, any rough and somewhat heavy piece of timber. Now, commonly, one of the timbers of a roof which are put on sloping, according to the inclination of the roof. See Illust. of Queen-post. 1913 Webster]
[Courtesy] oft is sooner found in lowly sheds, rafters, than in tapestry halls.Milton. 1913 Webster]
Raft"er, v. t.1.To make into rafters, as timber. 1913 Webster]
2.To furnish with rafters, as a house. 1913 Webster]
3.(Agric.)To plow so as to turn the grass side of each furrow upon an unplowed ridge; to ridge. [Eng.] 1913 Webster]
Raft"ing, n.The business of making or managing rafts. 1913 Webster]
Rafts"man(r, n.; pl.Raftsmen(r.A man engaged in rafting. 1913 Webster]
Raf"ty(r, a.[Perhaps akin to G. reif hoarfrost.]Damp; musty. [Prov. Eng.] 1913 Webster]
Rag(r, v. t.[Cf. Icel. r\'91gja to calumniate, OHG. ruogen to accuse, G. r\'81gen to censure, AS. wr, Goth. wr to accuse.]To scold or rail at; to rate; to tease; to torment; to banter. [Prov. Eng.] Pegge. 1913 Webster]
Rag, n.[OE. ragge, probably of Scand, origin; cf. Icel. r\'94gg a tuft, shagginess, Sw. ragg rough hair. Cf. Rug, n.]1.A piece of cloth torn off; a tattered piece of cloth; a shred; a tatter; a fragment. 1913 Webster]
Cowls, hoods, and habits, with their wearers, tossed, rags.Milton. 1913 Webster]
Not having otherwise any rag of legality to cover the shame of their cruelty.Fuller. 1913 Webster]
2.pl.Hence, mean or tattered attire; worn-out dress. 1913 Webster]
And virtue, though in rags, will keep me warm.Dryden. 1913 Webster]
3.A shabby, beggarly fellow; a ragamuffin. 1913 Webster]
The other zealous rag is the compositor.B. Jonson. 1913 Webster]
Upon the proclamation, they all came in, both tag and rag.Spenser. 1913 Webster]
4.(Geol.)A coarse kind of rock, somewhat cellular in texture. 1913 Webster]
5.(Metal Working)A ragged edge. 1913 Webster]
6.A sail, or any piece of canvas. [Nautical Slang] 1913 Webster]
Our ship was a clipper with every rag set.Lowell. 1913 Webster]
Rag bolt, an iron pin with barbs on its shank to retain it in place. --
Rag carpet, a carpet of which the weft consists of narrow strips of cloth sewed together, end to end. --
Rag dust, fine particles of ground-up rags, used in making papier-mach\'82 and wall papers. --
Rag wheel. (a)A chain wheel; a sprocket wheel. (b)A polishing wheel made of disks of cloth clamped together on a mandrel. --
Rag wool, wool obtained by tearing woolen rags into fine bits, shoddy. 1913 Webster]
Rag(r, v. i.[imp. & p. p.Ragged(r; p. pr. & vb. n.Ragging(r.]To become tattered. [Obs.] 1913 Webster]
Rag, v. t.1.To break (ore) into lumps for sorting. 1913 Webster]
2.To cut or dress roughly, as a grindstone. 1913 Webster]
Rag, v. t.1.(Music)To play or compose (a piece, melody, etc.) in syncopated time. [Colloq.] Webster 1913 Suppl.]
2.To dance to ragtime music, esp. in some manner considered indecorous. [Colloq. or Slang] Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Rag`a*muf"fin(r, n.[Cf. Ragamofin, the name of a demon in some of the old mysteries.]1.A paltry or disreputable fellow; a mean wretch.Dryden. 1913 Webster]
2.A person who wears ragged clothing. [Colloq.] 1913 Webster]
torment, and loud lament, and furious rage.Milton. 1913 Webster]
3.A violent or raging wind. [Obs.] Chaucer. 1913 Webster]
4.The subject of eager desire; that which is sought after, or prosecuted, with unreasonable or excessive passion; as, to be all the rage. 1913 Webster]
Rage, v. i.[imp. & p. p.Raged(r; p. pr. & vb. n.Raging(r.][OF. ragier. See Rage, n.]1.To be furious with anger; to be exasperated to fury; to be violently agitated with passion. \'bdWhereat he inly raged.\'b8 Milton. 1913 Webster]
When one so great begins to rage, he is hunted Shak. 1913 Webster]
Rage, rage against the dying of the light Dylan Thomas. PJC]
2.To be violent and tumultuous; to be violently driven or agitated; to act or move furiously; as, the raging sea or winds. 1913 Webster]
Why do the heathen rage?Ps. ii. 1. 1913 Webster]
The madding wheels raged; dire was the noise.Milton. 1913 Webster]
3.To ravage; to prevail without restraint, or with destruction or fatal effect; as, the plague raged in Cairo. 1913 Webster]
4.To toy or act wantonly; to sport. [Obs.] Chaucer. 1913 Webster]
Syn. -- To storm; fret; chafe; fume. 1913 Webster]
Rage, v. t.To enrage. [Obs.] Shak. 1913 Webster]
Rage"ful(r, a.Full of rage; expressing rage. [Obs.] \'bdRageful eyes.\'b8 Sir P. Sidney. 1913 Webster]
Rag"ged(r, a.[From Rag, n.]1.Rent or worn into tatters, or till the texture is broken; as, a ragged coat; a ragged sail. 1913 Webster]
2.Broken with rough edges; having jags; uneven; rough; jagged; as, ragged rocks. 1913 Webster]
3.Hence, harsh and disagreeable to the ear; dissonant. [R.] \'bdA ragged noise of mirth.\'b8 Herbert. 1913 Webster]
4.Wearing tattered clothes; as, a ragged fellow. 1913 Webster]
5.Rough; shaggy; rugged. 1913 Webster]
What shepherd owns those ragged sheep?Dryden. 1913 Webster]
Ragged lady(Bot.), the fennel flower (Nigella Damascena). --
Ragged robin(Bot.), a plant of the genus Lychnis (Lychnis Flos-cuculi), cultivated for its handsome flowers, which have the petals cut into narrow lobes. --
Ragged school, a free school for poor children, where they are taught and in part fed; -- a name given at first because they came in their common clothing. [Eng.] 1913 Webster]
-- Rag"ged*ly, adv. -- Rag"ged*ness, n. 1913 Webster]
Rag"lan(r, n.1.A loose overcoat with large sleeves; -- named after Lord Raglan, an English general who was an aide-de-camp to Wellington at Waterlooo. 1913 Webster]
2.An overcoat with raglan sleeves. PJC]
rag"lan sleeve`(r, n.A sleeve joined to the body of a garment by a long slanting seam starting at the neck and continuing around the armhole. Contrasted to a set-in sleeve. PJC]
Rag"man(r, n.; pl.Ragmen(r.A man who collects, or deals in, rags. 1913 Webster]
Rag"man, n.[See Ragman's roll.]A document having many names or numerous seals, as a papal bull. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. 1913 Webster]
Rag"man's roll`(r. [For ragman roll a long list of names, the devil's roll or list; where ragman is of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. ragmenni a craven person, Sw. raggen the devil. Icel. ragmenni is fr. ragr cowardly (another form of argr, akin to AS. earg cowardly, vile, G. arg bad) + menni (in comp.) man, akin to E. man. See Roll, and cf. Rigmarole.]The rolls of deeds on parchment in which the Scottish nobility and gentry subscribed allegiance to Edward I. of England, A. D. 1296.[Also written ragman-roll.] 1913 Webster]
{ Rag"na*rok"(r, \'d8Rag"na*r\'94k"(r }, n.[Icel., fr. regin, r\'94gn, gods + r\'94k reason, origin, history; confused with ragna-r\'94kr the twilight of the gods.](Norse Myth.)The so-called \'bdTwilight of the Gods\'b8 (called in German G\'94tterd\'84mmerung), the final destruction of the world in the great conflict between the \'92sir (gods) on the one hand, and on the other, the giants and the powers of Hel under the leadership of Loki (who is escaped from bondage). Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Ra*gout"(r, n.[F. rago\'96t, fr. rago\'96ter to restore one's appetite, fr. L. pref. re- re- + ad to + gustare to taste, gustus taste. See Gust relish.]A dish made of pieces of meat, stewed, and highly seasoned; as, a ragout of mutton. 1913 Webster]
Rag"pick`er(r, n.One who gets a living by picking up rags and refuse things in the streets. 1913 Webster]
Rag"time`, n.(Mus.)a rhythm with a regular accompaniment in two-four time and a melody characterized by syncopation, first recognized in many negro melodies; also a style of American music in this rhythm. Webster 1913 Suppl. +PJC]
{ Ra*guled"(r, Rag*guled"(r, }a.[Cf. F. raguer to chafe, fret, rub, or E. rag.](Her.)Notched in regular diagonal breaks; -- said of a line, or a bearing having such an edge. 1913 Webster]
<-- p. 1185 pr=vmg -->
Rag"weed`(r, n.(Bot.)A common American composite weed (Ambrosia artemisi\'91folia) with finely divided leaves; hogweed. 1913 Webster]
Great ragweed, a coarse American herb (Ambrosia trifida), with rough three-lobed opposite leaves. 1913 Webster]
Rag"work`(r, n.(Masonry)A kind of rubblework. In the United States, any rubblework of thin and small stones. 1913 Webster]
Rag"wort`(r, n.(Bot.)A name given to several species of the composite genus Senecio. 1913 Webster]
Senecio aureus is the golden ragwort of the United States; Senecio elegans is the purple ragwort of South Africa. 1913 Webster]
\'d8Ra"ia(r, n.[L., a ray. Cf. Ray the fish.](Zo\'94l.)A genus of rays which includes the skates. See Skate. 1913 Webster]
\'d8Ra"i\'91(r, n. pl.[NL. See Raia.](Zo\'94l.)The order of elasmobranch fishes which includes the sawfishes, skates, and rays; -- called also Raj\'91, and Rajii. 1913 Webster]
Raid(r, n.[Icel. rei a riding, raid; akin to E. road. See Road a way.]1.A hostile or predatory incursion; an inroad or incursion of mounted men; a sudden and rapid invasion by a cavalry force; a foray. 1913 Webster]
Marauding chief! his sole delight raid, the morning fight.Sir W. Scott. 1913 Webster]
There are permanent conquests, temporary occupations, and occasional raids.H. Spenser. 1913 Webster]
1913 Webster]
2.An attack or invasion for the purpose of making arrests, seizing property, or plundering; as, a raid of the police upon a gambling house; a raid of contractors on the public treasury. [Colloq. U. S.] 1913 Webster]
Raid, v. t.[imp. & p. p.Raided; p. pr. & vb. n.Raiding.]To make a raid upon or into; as, two regiments raided the border counties. 1913 Webster]
Raid"er(r, n.One who engages in a raid. [U.S.] 1913 Webster]
Raif"fei`sen(r, a.(Economics)Designating, or pertaining to, a form of co\'94perative bank founded among the German agrarian population by Friedrich Wilhelm Raiffeisen (1818-88); as, Raiffeisen banks, the Raiffeisen system, etc. The banks are unlimited-liability institutions making small loans at a low rate of interest, for a designated purpose, to worthy members only. Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Rail(r, n.[OE. reil, re\'f4el, AS. hr\'91gel, hr\'91gl, a garment; akin to OHG. hregil, OFries. hreil.]An outer cloak or covering; a neckerchief for women.Fairholt. 1913 Webster]
Rail, v. i.[Etymol. uncertain.]To flow forth; to roll out; to course. [Obs.] 1913 Webster]
Streams of tears from her fair eyes forth railing.Spenser. 1913 Webster]
Rail, n.[Akin to LG. & Sw. regel bar, bolt, G. riegel a rail, bar, or bolt, OHG. rigil, rigel, bar, bolt, and possibly to E. row a line.]1.A bar of timber or metal, usually horizontal or nearly so, extending from one post or support to another, as in fences, balustrades, staircases, etc. 1913 Webster]
2.(Arch.)A horizontal piece in a frame or paneling. See Illust. of Style. 1913 Webster]
3.(Railroad)A bar of steel or iron, forming part of the track on which the wheels roll. It is usually shaped with reference to vertical strength, and is held in place by chairs, splices, etc. 1913 Webster]
4.(Naut.)(a)The stout, narrow plank that forms the top of the bulwarks.(b)The light, fencelike structures of wood or metal at the break of the deck, and elsewhere where such protection is needed. 1913 Webster]
5.A railroad as a means of transportation; as, to go by rail; a place not accesible by rail. Webster 1913 Suppl.]
6.a railing. PJC]
Rail fence. See under Fence. --
Rail guard. (a)A device attached to the front of a locomotive on each side for clearing the rail of obstructions. (b)A guard rail. See under Guard. --
Rail joint(Railroad), a splice connecting the adjacent ends of rails, in distinction from a chair, which is merely a seat. The two devices are sometimes united. Among several hundred varieties, the fish joint is standard. See Fish joint, under Fish. --
Rail train(Iron & Steel Manuf.), a train of rolls in a rolling mill, for making rails for railroads from blooms or billets. 1913 Webster]
Rail, v. t.[imp. & p. p.Railed(r; p. pr. & vb. n.Railing.]1.To inclose with rails or a railing. 1913 Webster]
It ought to be fenced in and railed.Ayliffe. 1913 Webster]
2.To range in a line. [Obs.] 1913 Webster]
They were brought to London all railed in ropes, like a team of horses in a cart.Bacon. 1913 Webster]
Rail, n.[F. r\'83le, fr. r\'83ler to have a rattling in the throat; of German origin, and akin to E. rattle. See Rattle, v.](Zo\'94l.)Any one of numerous species of limicoline birds of the family Rallid\'91, especially those of the genus Rallus, and of closely allied genera. They are prized as game birds. 1913 Webster]
Rallus aquaticus) is called also bilcock, skitty coot, and brook runner. The best known American species are the clapper rail, or salt-marsh hen (Rallus longirostris, var. crepitans); the king, or red-breasted, rail (Rallus elegans) (called also fresh-water marshhen); the lesser clapper, or Virginia, rail (Rallus Virginianus); and the Carolina, or sora, rail (Porzana Carolina). See Sora. 1913 Webster]
Land rail(Zo\'94l.), the corncrake. 1913 Webster]
Rail, v. i.[F. railler; cf. Sp. rallar to grate, scrape, molest; perhaps fr. (assumed) LL. radiculare, fr. L. radere to scrape, grate. Cf. Rally to banter, Rase.]To use insolent and reproachful language; to utter reproaches; to scoff; -- followed by at or against, formerly by on.Shak. 1913 Webster]
And rail at arts he did not understand.Dryden. 1913 Webster]
Lesbia forever on me rails.Swift. 1913 Webster]
Rail(r, v. t.1.To rail at. [Obs.] Feltham. 1913 Webster]
2.To move or influence by railing. [R.] 1913 Webster]
Rail the seal from off my bond.Shak. 1913 Webster]
Rail"er(r, n.One who rails; one who scoffs, insults, censures, or reproaches with opprobrious language. 1913 Webster]
Angels, which are greater in power and might, bring not railing accusation against them.2 Pet. ii. 11. 1913 Webster]
Rail"ing, n.1.A barrier made of a rail or of rails, together with vertical supports. The typical railing in the interior of structures or on porches has a horizontal rail near waist height, and multiple vertical supports. Its function is usually to provide a safety barrier at the edge of a verticle drop to prevent falls. 1913 Webster +PJC]
2.Rails in general; also, material for making rails. 1913 Webster]
Rail"ing*ly, adv.With scoffing or insulting language. 1913 Webster]
Rail"ler*y(ror r, n.[F. raillerie, fr. railler. See Rail to scoff.]Pleasantry or slight satire; banter; jesting language; satirical merriment. 1913 Webster]
Let raillery be without malice or heat.B. Jonson. 1913 Webster]
Studies employed on low objects; the very naming of them is sufficient to turn them into raillery.Addison. 1913 Webster]
\'d8Rail`leur"(r, n.[F.]A banterer; a jester; a mocker. [R.] Wycherley. 1913 Webster]
{ Rail"road`(r, Rail"way`(r, }n.1.A road or way consisting of one or more parallel series of iron or steel rails, patterned and adjusted to be tracks for the wheels of vehicles, and suitably supported on a bed or substructure. 1913 Webster]
1913 Webster]
2.The road, track, etc., with all the lands, buildings, rolling stock, franchises, etc., pertaining to them and constituting one property; as, a certain railroad has been put into the hands of a receiver. 1913 Webster]
Railway is the commoner word in England; railroad the commoner word in the United States. 1913 Webster]
railroad and railway are used interchangeably: -- 1913 Webster]
Atmospheric railway,
Elevated railway, etc. See under Atmospheric, Elevated, etc. --
Cable railway. See Cable road, under Cable. --
Ferry railway, a submerged track on which an elevated platform runs, for carrying a train of cars across a water course. --
Gravity railway, a railway, in a hilly country, on which the cars run by gravity down gentle slopes for long distances after having been hauled up steep inclines to an elevated point by stationary engines. --
Railway brake, a brake used in stopping railway cars or locomotives. --
Railway car, a large, heavy vehicle with flanged wheels fitted for running on a railway. [U.S.] --
Railway carriage, a railway passenger car. [Eng.] --
Railway scale, a platform scale bearing a track which forms part of the line of a railway, for weighing loaded cars. --
Railway slide. See Transfer table, under Transfer. --
Railway spine(Med.), an abnormal condition due to severe concussion of the spinal cord, such as occurs in railroad accidents. It is characterized by ataxia and other disturbances of muscular function, sensory disorders, pain in the back, impairment of general health, and cerebral disturbance, -- the symptoms often not developing till some months after the injury. --
Underground railroad
Underground railway. (a)A railroad or railway running through a tunnel, as beneath the streets of a city. (b)Formerly, a system of co\'94peration among certain active antislavery people in the United States prior to 1866, by which fugitive slaves were secretly helped to reach Canada.[In the latter sense railroad, and not railway, was usually used.] \'bdTheir house was a principal entrep\'93t of the underground railroad.\'b8 W. D. Howells. 1913 Webster]
Rail"road`, v. t.To carry or send by railroad; usually fig., to send or put through at high speed or in great haste; to hurry or rush unduly; as, to railroad a bill through Condress. [Colloq., U. S.] Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Rail"road`ing, n.The construction of a railroad; the business of managing or operating a railroad. [Colloq. U. S.] 1913 Webster]
Rai"ment(r, n.[Abbrev. fr. arraiment. See Array.]1.Clothing in general; vesture; garments; -- usually singular in form, with a collective sense. 1913 Webster]
Living, both food and raiment she supplies.Dryden. 1913 Webster]
2.An article of dress. [R. or Obs.] Sir P. Sidney. 1913 Webster]
Rain(r, n. & v.Reign. [Obs.] Spenser. 1913 Webster]
Rain(r, n.[OE. rein, AS. regen; akin to OFries. rein, D. & G. regen, OS. & OHG. regan, Icel., Dan., & Sw. regn, Goth. rign, and prob. to L. rigare to water, to wet; cf. Gr. bre`chein to wet, to rain.]Water falling in drops from the clouds; the descent of water from the clouds in drops. 1913 Webster]
Rain is water by the heat of the sun divided into very small parts ascending in the air, till, encountering the cold, it be condensed into clouds, and descends in drops.Ray. 1913 Webster]
Fair days have oft contracted wind and rain.Milton. 1913 Webster]
Rain is distinguished from mist by the size of the drops, which are distinctly visible. When water falls in very small drops or particles, it is called mist; and fog is composed of particles so fine as to be not only individually indistinguishable, but to float or be suspended in the air. See Fog, and Mist. 1913 Webster]
Rain band(Meteorol.), a dark band in the yellow portion of the solar spectrum near the sodium line, caused by the presence of watery vapor in the atmosphere, and hence sometimes used in weather predictions. --
Rain bird(Zo\'94l.), the yaffle, or green woodpecker. [Prov. Eng.] The name is also applied to various other birds, as to Saurothera vetula of the West Indies. --
Rain fowl(Zo\'94l.), the channel-bill cuckoo (Scythrops Nov\'91-Hollandi\'91) of Australia. --
Rain gauge, an instrument of various forms for measuring the quantity of rain that falls at any given place in a given time; a pluviometer; an ombrometer. --
Rain goose(Zo\'94l.), the red-throated diver, or loon. [Prov. Eng.] --
Rain prints(Geol.), markings on the surfaces of stratified rocks, presenting an appearance similar to those made by rain on mud and sand, and believed to have been so produced. --
Rain quail. (Zo\'94l.)See Quail, n., 1. --
Rain water, water that has fallen from the clouds in rain. 1913 Webster]
Rain, v. i.[imp. & p. p.Rained(r; p. pr. & vb. n.Raining.][AS. regnian, akin to G. regnen, Goth. rignjan. See Rain, n.]1.To fall in drops from the clouds, as water; -- used mostly with it for a nominative; as, it rains. 1913 Webster]
The rain it raineth every day.Shak. 1913 Webster]
2.To fall or drop like water from the clouds; as, tears rained from their eyes. 1913 Webster]
Rain(r, v. t.1.To pour or shower down from above, like rain from the clouds. 1913 Webster]
Then said the Lord unto Moses, Behold, I will rain bread from heaven for you.Ex. xvi. 4. 1913 Webster]
2.To bestow in a profuse or abundant manner; as, to rain favors upon a person. 1913 Webster]
Rain"bow`(r, n.[AS. regenboga, akin to G. regenbogen. See Rain, and Bow anything bent.]A bow or arch exhibiting, in concentric bands, the several colors of the spectrum, and formed in the part of the hemisphere opposite to the sun by the refraction and reflection of the sun's rays in drops of falling rain. 1913 Webster]
primary rainbow, which is formed by two refractions and one reflection, there is also another often seen exterior to it, called the secondary rainbow, concentric with the first, and separated from it by a small interval. It is formed by two refractions and two reflections, is much fainter than the primary bow, and has its colors arranged in the reverse order from those of the latter. 1913 Webster]
Lunar rainbow, a fainter arch or rainbow, formed by the moon. --
Marine rainbow,
Sea bow, a similar bow seen in the spray of waves at sea. --
Rainbow trout(Zo\'94l.), a bright-colored trout (Salmo irideus), native of the mountains of California, but now extensively introduced into the Eastern States, Japan, and other countries; -- called also brook trout, mountain trout, and golden trout. --
Rainbow wrasse. (Zo\'94l.)See under Wrasse. --
Supernumerary rainbow, a smaller bow, usually of red and green colors only, sometimes seen within the primary or without the secondary rainbow, and in contact with them. 1913 Webster]
Rain"bowed`(r, a.Formed with or like a rainbow. 1913 Webster]
Rain"fall`(r, n.A fall or descent of rain; the water, or amount of water, that falls in rain; as, the average annual rainfall of a region. 1913 Webster]
Supplied by the rainfall of the outer ranges of Sinchul and Singaleleh.Hooker. 1913 Webster]
Rain"i*ness(r, n.The state of being rainy. 1913 Webster]
Rain"less(r, a.Destitute of rain; as, a rainless region. 1913 Webster]
Rain"-tight`(r, a.So tight as to exclude rain; as, a rain-tight roof. 1913 Webster]
Rain"y(r, a.[AS. regenig.]Abounding with rain; wet; showery; as, rainy weather; a rainy day or season. 1913 Webster]
Raip(r, n.[Cf. Icel. reip rope. Cf. Rope.]A rope; also, a measure equal to a rod. [Scot.] 1913 Webster]
Rais(r, n.Same as 2d Reis. 1913 Webster]
Rais"a*ble(r, a.Capable of being raised. 1913 Webster]
Raise(r, v. t.[imp. & p. p.Raised(r; p. pr. & vb. n.Raising.][OE. reisen, Icel. reisa, causative of r\'c6sa to rise. See Rise, and cf. Rear to raise.] 1913 Webster]
1.To cause to rise; to bring from a lower to a higher place; to lift upward; to elevate; to heave; as, to raise a stone or weight. Hence, figuratively: -- 1913 Webster]
(a)To bring to a higher condition or situation; to elevate in rank, dignity, and the like; to increase the value or estimation of; to promote; to exalt; to advance; to enhance; as, to raise from a low estate; to raise to office; to raise the price, and the like. 1913 Webster]
This gentleman came to be raised to great titles.Clarendon. 1913 Webster]
The plate pieces of eight were raised three pence in the piece.Sir W. Temple. 1913 Webster]
(b)To increase the strength, vigor, or vehemence of; to excite; to intensify; to invigorate; to heighten; as, to raise the pulse; to raise the voice; to raise the spirits or the courage; to raise the heat of a furnace. 1913 Webster]
(c)To elevate in degree according to some scale; as, to raise the pitch of the voice; to raise the temperature of a room. 1913 Webster]
2.To cause to rise up, or assume an erect position or posture; to set up; to make upright; as, to raise a mast or flagstaff. Hence: -- 1913 Webster]
(a)To cause to spring up from a recumbent position, from a state of quiet, or the like; to awaken; to arouse. 1913 Webster]
They shall not awake, nor be raised out of their sleep.Job xiv. 12. 1913 Webster]
(b)To rouse to action; to stir up; to incite to tumult, struggle, or war; to excite. 1913 Webster]
He commandeth, and raiseth the stormy wind.Ps. cvii. 25. 1913 Webster]
\'92neas . . . employs his pains, raise the Tuscan swains.Dryden. 1913 Webster]
(c)To bring up from the lower world; to call up, as a spirit from the world of spirits; to recall from death; to give life to. 1913 Webster]
Why should it be thought a thing incredible with you, that God should raise the dead ?Acts xxvi. 8. 1913 Webster]
3.To cause to arise, grow up, or come into being or to appear; to give rise to; to originate, produce, cause, effect, or the like.Hence, specifically: -- 1913 Webster]
(a)To form by the accumulation of materials or constituent parts; to build up; to erect; as, to raise a lofty structure, a wall, a heap of stones. 1913 Webster]
I will raise forts against thee.Isa. xxix. 3. 1913 Webster]
(b)To bring together; to collect; to levy; to get together or obtain for use or service; as, to raise money, troops, and the like. \'bdTo raise up a rent.\'b8 Chaucer. 1913 Webster]
(c)To cause to grow; to procure to be produced, bred, or propagated; to grow; as, to raise corn, barley, hops, etc.; toraise cattle. \'bdHe raised sheep.\'b8 \'bdHe raised wheat where none grew before.\'b8 Johnson's Dict. 1913 Webster]
<-- p. 1186 pr=vmg -->
raise is also commonly applied to the rearing or bringing up of children. 1913 Webster]
I was raised, as they say in Virginia, among the mountains of the North.Paulding. 1913 Webster]
(d)To bring into being; to produce; to cause to arise, come forth, or appear; -- often with up. 1913 Webster]
I will raise them up a prophet from among their brethren, like unto thee.Deut. xviii. 18. 1913 Webster]
God vouchsafes to raise another world Milton. 1913 Webster]
(e)To give rise to; to set agoing; to occasion; to start; to originate; as, to raise a smile or a blush. 1913 Webster]
Thou shalt not raise a false report.Ex. xxiii. 1. 1913 Webster]
(f)To give vent or utterance to; to utter; to strike up. 1913 Webster]
Soon as the prince appears, they raise a cry.Dryden. 1913 Webster]
(g)To bring to notice; to submit for consideration; as, to raise a point of order; to raise an objection. 1913 Webster]
4.To cause to rise, as by the effect of leaven; to make light and spongy, as bread. 1913 Webster]
Miss Liddy can dance a jig, and raise paste.Spectator. 1913 Webster]
5.(Naut.)(a)To cause (the land or any other object) to seem higher by drawing nearer to it; as, to raise Sandy Hook light.(b)To let go; as in the command, Raise tacks and sheets, i. e., Let go tacks and sheets. 1913 Webster]
6.(Law)To create or constitute; as, to raise a use, that is, to create it.Burrill. 1913 Webster]
To raise a blockade(Mil.), to remove or break up a blockade, either by withdrawing the ships or forces employed in enforcing it, or by driving them away or dispersing them. --
To raise a check,
note,
bill of exchange, etc., to increase fraudulently its nominal value by changing the writing, figures, or printing in which the sum payable is specified.<-- or money order --> --
To raise a siege, to relinquish an attempt to take a place by besieging it, or to cause the attempt to be relinquished. --
To raise steam, to produce steam of a required pressure. --
To raise the wind, to procure ready money by some temporary expedient. [Colloq.] --
To raise Cain, or
To raise the devil, to cause a great disturbance; to make great trouble. [Slang] 1913 Webster]
Raised(r, a.1.Lifted up; showing above the surroundings; as, raised or embossed metal work. 1913 Webster]
2.Leavened; made with leaven, or yeast; -- used of bread, cake, etc., as distinguished from that made with cream of tartar, soda, etc. See Raise, v. t., 4. 1913 Webster]
Raised beach. See under Beach, n. 1913 Webster]
Rais"er(r, n.One who, or that which, raises (in various senses of the verb). 1913 Webster]
Rai"sin(r, n.[F. raisin grape, raisin, L. racemus cluster of grapes or berries; cf. Gr. "ra`x, "rago`s, berry, grape. Cf. Raceme.]1.A grape, or a bunch of grapes. [Obs.] Cotgrave. 1913 Webster]
2.A grape dried in the sun or by artificial heat. 1913 Webster]
Raisin tree(Bot.), the common red currant bush, whose fruit resembles the small raisins of Corinth called currants. [Eng.] Dr. Prior. 1913 Webster]
Rais"ing(r, n.1.The act of lifting, setting up, elevating, exalting, producing, or restoring to life. 1913 Webster]
2.Specifically, the operation or work of setting up the frame of a building; as, to help at a raising. [U.S.]<-- e.g., barn raising --> 1913 Webster]
3.The operation of embossing sheet metal, or of forming it into cup-shaped or hollow articles, by hammering, stamping, or spinning. 1913 Webster]
Raising bee, a bee for raising the frame of a building. See Bee, n., 2. [U.S.] W. Irving. --
Raising hammer, a hammer with a rounded face, used in raising sheet metal. --
Raising plate(Carp.), the plate, or longitudinal timber, on which a roof is raised and rests. 1913 Webster]
\'d8Rai`son`n\'82"(r, a.[F. raisonn\'82, p. p. of raisonner to reason.]Arranged systematically, or according to classes or subjects; as, a catalogue raisonn\'82. See under Catalogue. 1913 Webster]
Ra"jah(r, n.[Hind. r\'bej\'be, Skr. r\'bejan, akin to L. rex, regis. See Regal, a.]A native prince or king; also, a landholder or person of importance in the agricultural districts. [India] 1913 Webster]
Ra"jah*ship, n.The office or dignity of a rajah. 1913 Webster]
{ \'d8Raj`poot", \'d8Raj`put" }(r, n.[Hind. r\'bej-p, Skr. r\'beja-putra king's son.]A Hindoo of the second, or royal and military, caste; a Kshatriya; especially, an inhabitant of the country of Rajpootana, in northern central India. 1913 Webster]
Rake(r, n.[AS. race; akin to OD. rake, D. reek, OHG. rehho, G. rechen, Icel. reka a shovel, and to Goth. rikan to heap up, collect, and perhaps to Gr. 'ore`gein to stretch out, and E. rack to stretch. Cf. Reckon.]1.An implement consisting of a headpiece having teeth, and a long handle at right angles to it, -- used for collecting hay, or other light things which are spread over a large surface, or for breaking and smoothing the earth. 1913 Webster]
2.A toothed machine drawn by a horse, -- used for collecting hay or grain; a horserake. 1913 Webster]
3.[Perhaps a different word.](Mining)A fissure or mineral vein traversing the strata vertically, or nearly so; -- called also rake-vein. 1913 Webster]
Gill rakes. (Anat.)See under 1st Gill. 1913 Webster]
Rake, v. t.[imp. & p. p.Raked(r; p. pr. & vb. n.Raking.][AS. racian. See 1st Rake.]1.To collect with a rake; as, to rake hay; -- often with up; as, he raked up the fallen leaves. 1913 Webster]
2. Hence: To collect or draw together with laborious industry; to gather from a wide space; to scrape together; as, to rake together wealth; to rake together slanderous tales; to rake together the rabble of a town. 1913 Webster]
3.To pass a rake over; to scrape or scratch with a rake for the purpose of collecting and clearing off something, or for stirring up the soil; as, to rake a lawn; to rake a flower bed. 1913 Webster]
4.To search through; to scour; to ransack. 1913 Webster]
The statesman rakes the town to find a plot.Swift. 1913 Webster]
5.To scrape or scratch across; to pass over quickly and lightly, as a rake does. 1913 Webster]
Like clouds that rake the mountain summits.Wordsworth. 1913 Webster]
6.(Mil.)To enfilade; to fire in a direction with the length of; in naval engagements, to cannonade, as a ship, on the stern or head so that the balls range the whole length of the deck. 1913 Webster]
To rake up. (a)To collect together, as the fire (live coals), and cover with ashes. (b)To bring up; to search out and bring to notice again; as, to rake up old scandals. 1913 Webster]
Rake(r, v. i.1.To use a rake, as for searching or for collecting; to scrape; to search minutely. 1913 Webster]
One is for raking in Chaucer for antiquated words.Dryden. 1913 Webster]
2.To pass with violence or rapidity; to scrape along. 1913 Webster]
Pas could not stay, but over him did rake.Sir P. Sidney. 1913 Webster]
Rake, n.[Cf. dial. Sw. raka to reach, and E. reach.]The inclination of anything from a perpendicular direction; as, the rake of a roof, a staircase, etc.; especially (Naut.), the inclination of a mast or funnel, or, in general, of any part of a vessel not perpendicular to the keel. 1913 Webster]
Rake, v. i.To incline from a perpendicular direction; as, a mast rakes aft. 1913 Webster]
Raking course(Bricklaying), a course of bricks laid diagonally between the face courses in a thick wall, to strengthen it. 1913 Webster]
Rake, n.[OE. rakel rash; cf. Icel. reikall wandering, unsettled, reika to wander.]A loose, disorderly, vicious man; a person addicted to lewdness and other scandalous vices; a debauchee; a rou\'82. 1913 Webster]
An illiterate and frivolous old rake.Macaulay. 1913 Webster]
Rake, v. i.1.[Icel. reika. Cf. Rake a debauchee.]To walk about; to gad or ramble idly. [Prov. Eng.] 1913 Webster]
2.[See Rake a debauchee.]To act the rake; to lead a dissolute, debauched life.Shenstone. 1913 Webster]
To rake out(Falconry), to fly too far and wide from its master while hovering above waiting till the game is sprung; -- said of the hawk.Encyc. Brit. 1913 Webster]
Rake"hell`(r, n.[See Rakel.]A lewd, dissolute fellow; a debauchee; a rake. 1913 Webster]
It seldom doth happen, in any way of life, that a sluggard and a rakehell do not go together.Barrow. 1913 Webster]
Ra"kel(r, a.[OE. See Rake a debauchee.]Hasty; reckless; rash. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- Ra"kel*ness, n. [Obs.]Chaucer. 1913 Webster]
Rak"er(r, n.[See 1st Rake.]1.One who, or that which, rakes; as: (a)A person who uses a rake.(b)A machine for raking grain or hay by horse or other power.(c)A gun so placed as to rake an enemy's ship. 1913 Webster]
2.(Zo\'94l.)See Gill rakers, under 1st Gill. 1913 Webster]
Rak"er*y(r, n.Debauchery; lewdness. 1913 Webster]
The rakery and intrigues of the lewd town.R. North. 1913 Webster]
Rake"stale`(r, n.[Rake the instrument + stale a handle.]The handle of a rake. 1913 Webster]
That tale is not worth a rakestele.Chaucer. 1913 Webster]
Rake"-vein`(r, n.See Rake, a mineral vein. 1913 Webster]
{ \'d8Ra`ki", \'d8Ra`kee" }(r, n.[Turk. r\'beq\'c6 arrack.]A kind of ardent spirits used in southern Europe and the East, distilled from grape juice, grain, etc. Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Rak"ing(r, n.1.The act or process of using a rake; the going over a space with a rake. 1913 Webster]
2.A space gone over with a rake; also, the work done, or the quantity of hay, grain, etc., collected, by going once over a space with a rake. 1913 Webster]
The arduous task of converting a rakish lover.Macaulay. 1913 Webster]
Rak"ish(r, a.(Naut.)Having a saucy appearance indicative of speed and dash.Ham. Nav. Encyc. 1913 Webster]
Rak"ish*ly(r, adv.In a rakish manner. 1913 Webster]
Rak"ish*ness, n.The quality or state of being rakish. 1913 Webster]
\'d8Ra"ku ware`(r. A kind of earthenware made in Japan, resembling Satsuma ware, but having a paler color. 1913 Webster]
\'d8R\'83le(r, n.[F. r\'83le. Cf. Rail the bird.](Med.)An adventitious sound, usually of morbid origin, accompanying the normal respiratory sounds. See Rhonchus. 1913 Webster]
1913 Webster]
\'d8Ral`len*tan"do(r, a.[It.](Mus.)Slackening; -- a direction to perform a passage with a gradual decrease in time and force; ritardando. 1913 Webster]
Ral"li*ance(r, n.[Cf. OF. raliance. See Rally to reunite.]The act of rallying. 1913 Webster]
Ral"li*er(r, n.One who rallies. 1913 Webster]
\'d8Ral"li\'82s"(r, n. pl.[F., p. p. pl. See Rally, v. t.]A French political group, also known as the Constitutional Right from its position in the Chambers, mainly monarchists who rallied to the support of the Republic in obedience to the encyclical put forth by Pope Leo XIII. in Feb., 1892. Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Ral"line(r, a.(Zo\'94l.)Pertaining to the rails. 1913 Webster]
Ral"ly(r, v. t.[imp. & p. p.Rallied(r; p. pr. & vb. n.Rallying.][OF. ralier, F. rallier, fr. L. pref. re- + ad + ligare to bind. See Ra-, and 1st Ally.]To collect, and reduce to order, as troops dispersed or thrown into confusion; to gather again; to reunite. 1913 Webster]
Ral"ly, v. i.1.To come into orderly arrangement; to renew order, or united effort, as troops scattered or put to flight; to assemble; to unite. 1913 Webster]
The Grecians rally, and their powers unite.Dryden. 1913 Webster]
Innumerable parts of matter chanced just then to rally together, and to form themselves into this new world.Tillotson. 1913 Webster]
2.To collect one's vital powers or forces; to regain health or consciousness; to recuperate. 1913 Webster]
3.To recover strength after a decline in prices; -- said of the market, stocks, etc. 1913 Webster]
Ral"ly, n.; pl.Rallies(r.1.The act or process of rallying (in any of the senses of that word). 1913 Webster]
2.A political mass meeting. [Colloq. U. S.] 1913 Webster]
Ral"ly, v. t.[F. railler. See Rail to scoff.]To attack with raillery, either in good humor and pleasantry, or with slight contempt or satire. 1913 Webster]
Honeycomb . . . rallies me upon a country life.Addison. 1913 Webster]
Strephon had long confessed his amorous pain, rallied with disdain.Gay. 1913 Webster]
Syn. -- To banter; ridicule; satirize; deride; mock. 1913 Webster]
Ral"ly(r, v. i.To use pleasantry, or satirical merriment. 1913 Webster]
Ral"ly, n.Good-humored raillery. 1913 Webster]
Ralph(r, n.A name sometimes given to the raven. 1913 Webster]
Ral"ston*ite(r, n.[So named after J. G. Ralston of Norristown, Penn.](Min.)A fluoride of alumina and soda occurring with the Greenland cryolite in octahedral crystals. 1913 Webster]
Ram(r, n.[AS. ramm, ram; akin to OHG. & D. ram, Prov. G. ramm, and perh. to Icel. ramr strong.]1.The male of the sheep and allied animals. In some parts of England a ram is called a tup. 1913 Webster]
2.(Astron.)(a)Aries, the sign of the zodiac which the sun enters about the 21st of March.(b)The constellation Aries, which does not now, as formerly, occupy the sign of the same name. 1913 Webster]
3.An engine of war used for butting or battering. Specifically: (a)In ancient warfare, a long beam suspended by slings in a framework, and used for battering the walls of cities; a battering-ram.(b)A heavy steel or iron beak attached to the prow of a steam war vessel for piercing or cutting down the vessel of an enemy; also, a vessel carrying such a beak. 1913 Webster]
4.A hydraulic ram. See under Hydraulic. 1913 Webster]
5.The weight which strikes the blow, in a pile driver, steam hammer, stamp mill, or the like. 1913 Webster]
6.The plunger of a hydraulic press. 1913 Webster]
Ram's horn. (a)(Fort.)A low semicircular work situated in and commanding a ditch. [Written also ramshorn.]Farrow.(b)(Paleon.)An ammonite. 1913 Webster]
Ram, v. t.[imp. & p. p.Rammed(r; p. pr. & vb. n.Ramming.]1.To butt or strike against; to drive a ram against or through; to thrust or drive with violence; to force in; to drive together; to cram; as, to ram an enemy's vessel; to ram piles, cartridges, etc. 1913 Webster]
[They] rammed me in with foul shirts, and smocks, socks, foul stockings, greasy napkins.Shak. 1913 Webster]
2.To fill or compact by pounding or driving. 1913 Webster]
A ditch . . . was filled with some sound materials, and rammed to make the foundation solid.Arbuthnot. 1913 Webster]
\'d8Ram`a*dan"(r, n.[Ar. rama, or ramaz\'ben, properly, the hot month.][Written also Ramadhan, Ramadzan, and Rhamadan.]1.The ninth Mohammedan month. 1913 Webster]
2.The great annual fast of the Mohammedans, kept during daylight through the ninth month. 1913 Webster]
Ram"age(r, n.[F., fr. L. ramus a branch.]1.Boughs or branches. [Obs.] Crabb. 1913 Webster]
2.Warbling of birds in trees. [Obs.] Drummond. 1913 Webster]
Ra*mage"(r, a.Wild; untamed. [Obs.] 1913 Webster]
Ra*ma"gi*ous(r, a.Wild; not tame. [Obs.] 1913 Webster]
Now is he tame that was so ramagious.Remedy of Love. 1913 Webster]
Ra"mal(r, a.[L. ramus branch.]Of or pertaining to a ramus, or branch; rameal. 1913 Webster]
\'d8Ra*ma"ya*na(r, n.[Skr. R\'bem\'beya.]The more ancient of the two great epic poems in Sanskrit. The hero and heroine are Rama and his wife Sita. 1913 Webster]
Ram"berge(r, n.[F., fr. rame oar + barge barge.]Formerly, a kind of large war galley. 1913 Webster]
Ram"ble(r, v. i.[imp. & p. p.Rambled(r; p. pr. & vb. n.Rambling(r.][For rammle, fr. Prov. E. rame to roam. Cf. Roam.]1.To walk, ride, or sail, from place to place, without any determinate object in view; to roam carelessly or irregularly; to rove; to wander; as, to ramble about the city; to ramble over the world. 1913 Webster]
He that is at liberty to ramble in perfect darkness, what is his liberty better than if driven up and down as a bubble by the wind?Locke. 1913 Webster]
2.To talk or write in a discursive, aimless way. 1913 Webster]
3.To extend or grow at random.Thomson. 1913 Webster]
Syn. -- To rove; roam; wander; range; stroll. 1913 Webster]
Ram"ble, n.1.A going or moving from place to place without any determinate business or object; an excursion or stroll merely for recreation. 1913 Webster]
Coming home, after a short Christmas ramble.Swift. 1913 Webster]
2.[Cf. Rammel.](Coal Mining)A bed of shale over the seam.Raymond. 1913 Webster]
3.A section of woods suitable for leisurely walking. PJC]
4.a type of dance; as, the Muskrat ramble. PJC]
Ram"bler(r, n.One who rambles; a rover; a wanderer. 1913 Webster]
Ram"bling(r, a.Roving; wandering; discursive; as, a rambling fellow, talk, or building. 1913 Webster]
Ram"bling*ly(r, adv.In a rambling manner. 1913 Webster]
Ram"booze(r, n.A beverage made of wine, ale (or milk), sugar, etc. [Obs.] Blount. 1913 Webster]
Ram*bu"tan(r, n.[Malay ramb, fr. rambut hair of the head.](Bot.)A Malayan fruit produced by the tree Nephelium lappaceum, and closely related to the litchi nut. It is bright red, oval in shape, covered with coarse hairs (whence the name), and contains a pleasant acid pulp. Called also ramboostan. 1913 Webster]
Ra"me*al(r, a.Same as Ramal.Gray. 1913 Webster]
Ra"me*an(r, n.A Ramist.Shipley. 1913 Webster]
Ramed(r, a.Having the frames, stem, and sternpost adjusted; -- said of a ship on the stocks. 1913 Webster]
Ram"ee(r, n.(Bot.)See Ramie. 1913 Webster]
Ram"e*kin(r, n.same as Ramequin. Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Ram"ent(r, n.[L. ramenta, pl.]1.A scraping; a shaving. [Obs.] 1913 Webster]
2.pl.(Bot.)Ramenta.
\'d8Ra*men"ta(r, n. pl.[L., scrapings.](Bot.)Thin brownish chaffy scales upon the leaves or young shoots of some plants, especially upon the petioles and leaves of ferns.Gray. 1913 Webster]
<-- p. 1187 pr=vmg -->
Ram`en*ta"ceous(r, a.(Bot.)Covered with ramenta. 1913 Webster]
Ra"me*ous(r, a.[L. rameus, from ramus branch, bough.](Bot.)Ramal. 1913 Webster]
Ram"e*quin(r, n.[F.]1.(Cookery)A mixture of cheese, eggs, etc., formed in a mold, or served on bread.[Written also ramekin.] 1913 Webster]
2.The porcelian or earthen mold in which ramequins are baked and served, by extension, any dish so used. Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Ram"ie(r, n.[From Malay.](Bot.)The grasscloth plant (B); also, its fiber, which is very fine and exceedingly strong; -- called also China grass, and rhea. See Grass-cloth plant, under Grass. 1913 Webster]
Ram`i*fi*ca"tion(r, n.[Cf. F. ramification. See Ramify.]1.The process of branching, or the development of branches or offshoots from a stem; also, the mode of their arrangement. 1913 Webster]
2.A small branch or offshoot proceeding from a main stock or channel; as, the ramifications of an artery, vein, or nerve. 1913 Webster]
3.A division into principal and subordinate classes, heads, or departments; also, one of the subordinate parts; as, the ramifications of a subject or scheme. 1913 Webster]
4.The production of branchlike figures.Crabb. 1913 Webster]
Ram`i*flo"rous(r, a.[L. ramus branch + flos, floris, flower.](Bot.)Flowering on the branches. 1913 Webster]
Ram"i*form(r, a.[L. ramus branch + -form.](Bot.)Having the form of a branch. 1913 Webster]
Ram"i*fy(r, v. t.[imp. & p. p.Ramified(-f; p. pr. & vb. n.Ramifying(?).][F. ramifier, LL. ramificare, fr. L. ramus a branch + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.]To divide into branches or subdivisions; as, to ramify an art, subject, scheme. 1913 Webster]
Ram"i*fy, v. i.1.To shoot, or divide, into branches or subdivisions, as the stem of a plant. 1913 Webster]
When they [asparagus plants] . . . begin to ramify.Arbuthnot. 1913 Webster]
2.To be divided or subdivided, as a main subject. 1913 Webster]
Ra"mist(r, n.A follower of Pierre Ram\'82, better known as Ramus, a celebrated French scholar, who was professor of rhetoric and philosophy at Paris in the reign of Henry II., and opposed the Aristotelians. 1913 Webster]
Ram"line(r, n.A line used to get a straight middle line, as on a spar, or from stem to stern in building a vessel. 1913 Webster]
Ram"mel(r, n.Refuse matter. [Obs.] 1913 Webster]
Filled with any rubbish, rammel and broken stones.Holland. 1913 Webster]
Ram"mer(r, n.One who, or that which, rams or drives. Specifically: (a)An instrument for driving anything with force; as, a rammer for driving stones or piles, or for beating the earth to more solidity.(b)A rod for forcing down the charge of a gun; a ramrod.(c)(Founding)An implement for pounding the sand of a mold to render it compact. 1913 Webster]
Ram"mish(r, a.Like a ram; hence, rank; lascivious. \'bdTheir savor is so rammish.\'b8 Chaucer. 1913 Webster]
Ram"mish*ness, n.The quality of being rammish. 1913 Webster]
Ram"my(r, a.Like a ram; rammish.Burton. 1913 Webster]
Ram`ol*les"cence(r, n.[F. ramollir to make soft, to soften; pref. re- re- + amollir to soften; a (L. ad) + mollir to soften, L. mollire, fr. mollis soft.]A softening or mollifying. [R.] 1913 Webster]
Ra*moon"(r, n.(Bot.)A small West Indian tree (Trophis Americana) of the Mulberry family, whose leaves and twigs are used as fodder for cattle. 1913 Webster]
Ra*mose"(r, a.[L. ramosus, from ramus a branch.]Branched, as the stem or root of a plant; having lateral divisions; consisting of, or having, branches; full of branches; ramifying; branching; branchy. 1913 Webster]
Ra"mous(r, a.Ramose. 1913 Webster]
Ramp(r, v. i.[imp. & p. p.Ramped(r; p. pr. & vb. n.Ramping.][F. ramper to creep, OF., to climb; of German origin; cf. G. raffen to snatch, LG. & D. rapen. See Rap to snatch, and cf. Romp.] 1913 Webster]
1.To spring; to leap; to bound; to rear; to prance; to become rampant; hence, to frolic; to romp. 1913 Webster]
2.To move by leaps, or as by leaps; hence, to move swiftly or with violence. 1913 Webster]
Their bridles they would champ, ramp.Spenser. 1913 Webster]
3.To climb, as a plant; to creep up. 1913 Webster]
With claspers and tendrils, they [plants] catch hold, . . . and so ramping upon trees, they mount up to a great height.Ray. 1913 Webster]
Ramp, n.1.A leap; a spring; a hostile advance. 1913 Webster]
The bold Ascalonite ramp.Milton. 1913 Webster]
2.A highwayman; a robber. [Prov. Eng.] 1913 Webster]
3.A romping woman; a prostitute. [Obs.] Lyly. 1913 Webster]
4.[F. rampe.](Arch.)(a)Any sloping member, other than a purely constructional one, such as a continuous parapet to a staircase.(b)A short bend, slope, or curve, where a hand rail or cap changes its direction. 1913 Webster]
5.[F. rampe.](Fort.)An inclined plane serving as a communication between different interior levels. 1913 Webster]
Ramp"age(r, n.[See Ramp, v.]Violent or riotous behavior; a state of excitement, passion, or debauchery; as, to be on the rampage. [Prov. or Low] Dickens. 1913 Webster]
Ramp"age, v. i.To leap or prance about, as an animal; to be violent; to rage. [Prov. or Low] 1913 Webster]
Ram*pa"geous(r, a.Characterized by violence and passion; unruly; rampant. [Prov. or Low] 1913 Webster]
In the primitive ages of a rampageous antiquity.Galt. 1913 Webster]
Ram*pal"lian(r, n.[Cf. ramp a prostitute, or rabble.]A mean wretch. [Obs.] Shak. 1913 Webster]
Ramp"an*cy(r, n.The quality or state of being rampant; excessive action or development; exuberance; extravagance. \'bdThey are come to this height and rampancy of vice.\'b8 South. 1913 Webster]
Ramp"ant(r, a.[F., p. pr. of ramper to creep. See Ramp, v.]1.Ramping; leaping; springing; rearing upon the hind legs; hence, raging; furious. 1913 Webster]
The fierce lion in his kind rampant after his prey.Gower. 1913 Webster]
2.Ascending; climbing; rank in growth; exuberant. 1913 Webster]
The rampant stalk is of unusual altitude.I. Taylor. 1913 Webster]
3.(Her.)Rising with fore paws in the air as if attacking; -- said of a beast of prey, especially a lion. The right fore leg and right hind leg should be raised higher than the left. 1913 Webster]
Rampant arch. (a)An arch which has one abutment higher than the other. (b)Same as Rampant vault, below. --
Rampant gardant(Her.), rampant, but with the face turned to the front. --
Rampant regardant, rampant, but looking backward. --
Rampant vault(Arch.), a continuous wagon vault, or cradle vault, whose two abutments are located on an inclined plane, such as the vault supporting a stairway, or forming the ceiling of a stairway. 1913 Webster]
Ramp"ant*ly, adv.In a rampant manner. 1913 Webster]
Ram"part(r, n.[F. rempart, OF. rempar, fr. remparer to fortify, se remparer to fence or intrench one's self; pref. re- re- + pref. en- (L. in) + parer to defend, parry, prepare, L. parare to prepare. See Pare.] 1913 Webster]
1.That which fortifies and defends from assault; that which secures safety; a defense or bulwark. 1913 Webster]
2.(Fort.)A broad embankment of earth round a place, upon which the parapet is raised. It forms the substratum of every permanent fortification.Mahan. 1913 Webster]
Syn. -- Bulwark; fence; security; guard. -- Rampart, Bulwark. These words were formerly interchanged; but in modern usage a distinction has sprung up between them. The rampart of a fortified place is the enceinte or entire main embankment or wall which surrounds it. The term bulwark is now applied to peculiarly strong outworks which project for the defense of the rampart, or main work. A single bastion is a bulwark. In using these words figuratively, rampart is properly applied to that which protects by walling out; bulwark to that which stands in the forefront of danger, to meet and repel it. Hence, we speak of a distinguished individual as the bulwark, not the rampart, of the state. This distinction, however, is often disregarded. 1913 Webster]
Ram"part, v. t.[imp. & p. p.Ramparted; p. pr. & vb. n.Ramparting.]To surround or protect with, or as with, a rampart or ramparts. 1913 Webster]
Those grassy hills, those glittering dells, ramparted with rocks.Coleridge. 1913 Webster]
Rampart gun(Fort.), a cannon or large gun for use on a rampart and not as a fieldpiece. 1913 Webster]
Rampe(r, n.[In allusion to its supposed aphrodisiac qualities. See Ramp.](Bot.)The cuckoopint. 1913 Webster]
Ram"pier(r, n.See Rampart. [Obs.] 1913 Webster]
Ram"pi*on(r, n.[Cf. F. raiponce, Sp. ruiponce, reponche, L. raperonzo, NL. rapuntium, fr. L. rapum, rapa, a turnip, rape. Cf. Rape a plant.](Bot.)A plant (Campanula Rapunculus) of the Bellflower family, with a tuberous esculent root; -- also called ramps. 1913 Webster]
Phyteuma, herbs of the Bellflower family, and to the American evening primrose (), which has run wild in some parts of Europe. 1913 Webster]
Ram"pire(r, n.A rampart. [Archaic] 1913 Webster]
The Trojans round the place a rampire cast.Dryden. 1913 Webster]
Ram"pire, v. t.To fortify with a rampire; to form into a rampire. [Archaic] Chapman. \'bdRampired walls of gold.\'b8 R. Browning. 1913 Webster]
Ram"rod`(r, n.The rod used in ramming home the charge in a muzzle-loading firearm. 1913 Webster]
Ram"shac*kle(r, a.[Etymol. uncertain.]Loose; disjointed; falling to pieces; out of repair. 1913 Webster]
There came . . . my lord the cardinal, in his ramshackle coach.Thackeray. 1913 Webster]
Ram"shac*kle, v. t.To search or ransack; to rummage. [Prov. Eng.] 1913 Webster]
Ram"son(r, n.[AS. hramsan, pl., akin to G. rams, Sw. rams, ramsl\'94k; cf. Gr. kro`myon onion.](Bot.)A broad-leaved species of garlic (Allium ursinum), common in European gardens; -- called also buckram. 1913 Webster]
Ram"sted(r, n.(Bot.)A yellow-flowered weed; -- so named from a Mr. Ramsted who introduced it into Pennsylvania. See Toad flax. Called also Ramsted weed. 1913 Webster]
rRam"til(r, n.[Bengali ram-til.]A tropical African asteraceous shrub (Guizotia abyssinica) cultivated for its seeds (called ramtil seedsorniger seeds) which yield a valuable oil used for food and as an illuminant. Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Ram"u*lose`(r, a.[L. ramulosus, fr. ramulus, dim. of ramus a branch.](Nat. Hist.)Having many small branches, or ramuli. 1913 Webster]
Ran, n.(Naut.)Yarns coiled on a spun-yarn winch. 1913 Webster]
\'d8Ra"na(r, n.[L., a frog.](Zo\'94l.)A genus of anurous batrachians, including the common frogs. 1913 Webster]
Ra"nal(r, a.(Bot.)Having a general affinity to ranunculaceous plants. 1913 Webster]
Ranal alliance(Bot.), a name proposed by Lindley for a group of natural orders, including Ranunculace\'91, Magnoliace\'91, Papaverace\'91, and others related to them. 1913 Webster]
Rance(r, n.[Etymol. uncertain.]1.A prop or shore. [Scot.] 1913 Webster]
2.A round between the legs of a chair; also called a spreader. 1913 Webster]
Ran*ces"cent(r, a.[L. rancescens, p. pr. of rancescere, v. incho. from rancere to be rancid.]Becoming rancid or sour. 1913 Webster]
Ranch(r, v. t.[Written also raunch.][Cf. Wrench.]To wrench; to tear; to sprain; to injure by violent straining or contortion. [R.] Dryden. \'bdHasting to raunch the arrow out.\'b8 Spenser. 1913 Webster]
Ranch, n.[See Rancho.]A tract of land used for grazing and the rearing of horses, cattle, or sheep. See Rancho, 2. [Western U. S.] 1913 Webster]
\'d8Ran`che*ri"a(r, n.[Sp. rancheria.]1.A dwelling place of a ranchero. Webster 1913 Suppl.]
2.A small settlement or collection of ranchos, or rude huts, esp. for Indians. [Sp. Amer. & Southwestern U. S.] Webster 1913 Suppl.]
3.Formerly, in the Philippines, a political division of the pagan tribes. Webster 1913 Suppl.]
\'d8Ran*che"ro(r, n.; pl.Rancheros(r.[Sp.] [Mexico & Western U. S.] 1.A herdsman; a peasant employed on a ranch or rancho. 1913 Webster]
2.The owner and occupant of a ranch or rancho. 1913 Webster]
Ranch"man(r, n.; pl.Ranchmen(r.An owner or occupant of, or laborer on, a ranch; a herdsman. [Western U. S.] 1913 Webster]
\'d8Ran"cho(r, n.; pl.Ranchos(r.[Sp., properly, a mess, mess room. Cf. 2d Ranch.]1.A rude hut, as of posts, covered with branches or thatch, where herdsmen or farm laborers may live or lodge at night. 1913 Webster]
2.A large grazing farm where horses and cattle are raised; -- distinguished from hacienda, a cultivated farm or plantation. [Mexico & California] Bartlett. 1913 Webster]
Ran"cid(r, a.[L. rancidus, fr. rancere to be rancid or rank.]Having a rank smell or taste, from chemical change or decomposition; musty; as, rancid oil or butter. 1913 Webster]
Ran*cid"i*ty(r, n.[Cf. F. rancidit\'82.]The quality or state of being rancid; a rancid scent or flavor, as of old oil.Ure. 1913 Webster]
Ran"cid*ly(r, adv.In a rancid manner. 1913 Webster]
Ran"cid*ness, n.The quality of being rancid. 1913 Webster]
Ran"cor(r, n.[Written also rancour.][OE. rancour, OF. rancor, rancur, F. rancune, fr. L. rancor rancidity, rankness; tropically, an old grudge, rancor, fr. rancere to be rank or rancid.]The deepest malignity or spite; deep-seated enmity or malice; inveterate hatred. \'bdTo stint rancour and dissencioun.\'b8 Chaucer. 1913 Webster]
It would not be easy to conceive the passion, rancor, and malice of their tongues and hearts.Burke. 1913 Webster]
Syn. -- Enmity; hatred; ill will; malice; spite; grudge; animosity; malignity. -- Rancor, Enmity. Enmity and rancor both describe hostile feelings; but enmity may be generous and open, while rancor implies personal malice of the worst and most enduring nature, and is the strongest word in our language to express hostile feelings. 1913 Webster]
Rancor will out; proud prelate, in thy face Shak. 1913 Webster]
Rancor is that degree of malice which preys upon the possessor.Cogan. 1913 Webster]
Ran"cor*ous(r, a.[OF. rancuros.]Full of rancor; evincing, or caused by, rancor; deeply malignant; implacably spiteful or malicious; intensely virulent. 1913 Webster]
So flamed his eyes with rage and rancorous ire.Spenser. 1913 Webster]
Ran"cor*ous*ly, adv.In a rancorous manner. 1913 Webster]
Rand(r, n.[AS. rand, rond; akin to D., Dan., Sw., & G. rand, Icel. r\'94nd, and probably to E. rind.]1.A border; edge; margin. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] 1913 Webster]
2.A long, fleshy piece, as of beef, cut from the flank or leg; a sort of steak.Beau. & Fl. 1913 Webster]
3.A thin inner sole for a shoe; also, a leveling slip of leather applied to the sole before attaching the heel. 1913 Webster]
2.The monetary unit of the Union of South Africa. PJC]
The Rand, a rocky gold-bearing ridge in South Africa, about thirty miles long, on which Johannesburg is situated; also, the gold-mining district including this ridge. Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Rand, v. i.[See Rant.]To rant; to storm. [Obs.] 1913 Webster]
I wept, . . . and raved, and randed, and railed.J. Webster. 1913 Webster]
R and D(, n.[research anddevelopment.]research and development; -- used mostly to refer to the division of a corporation responsible for performing research and developing new products; -- a commonly used abbreviation. Syn. -- R&D.
[PJC]
Ran"dall grass`(r. (Bot.)The meadow fescue (Festuca elatior). See under Grass. 1913 Webster]
Ran"dan(r, n.The product of a second sifting of meal; the finest part of the bran. [Prov. Eng.] 1913 Webster]
Ran"dan, n.A boat propelled by three rowers with four oars, the middle rower pulling two. 1913 Webster]
Rand"ing(r, n.1.(Shoemaking)The act or process of making and applying rands for shoes. 1913 Webster]
2.(Mil.)A kind of basket work used in gabions. 1913 Webster]
Ran"dom(r, n.[OE. randon, OF. randon force, violence, rapidity, randon, de randon, violently, suddenly, rapidly, prob. of German origin; cf. G. rand edge, border, OHG. rant shield, edge of a shield, akin to E. rand, n. See Rand, n.]1.Force; violence. [Obs.] 1913 Webster]
For courageously the two kings newly fought with great random and force.E. Hall. 1913 Webster]
2.A roving motion; course without definite direction; want of direction, rule, or method; hazard; chance; -- commonly used in the phrase at random, that is, without a settled point of direction; at hazard. 1913 Webster]
Counsels, when they fly At random, sometimes hit most happily.Herrick. 1913 Webster]
O, many a shaft, at random sent, Sir W. Scott. 1913 Webster]
3.Distance to which a missile is cast; range; reach; as, the random of a rifle ball.Sir K. Digby. 1913 Webster]
4.(Mining)The direction of a rake-vein.Raymond. 1913 Webster]
Ran"dom, a.1.Going at random or by chance; done or made at hazard, or without settled direction, aim, or purpose; hazarded without previous calculation; left to chance; haphazard; as, a random guess. 1913 Webster]
Some random truths he can impart.Wordsworth. 1913 Webster]
So sharp a spur to the lazy, and so strong a bridle to the random.H. Spencer. 1913 Webster]
2.(Statistics)of, pertaining to, or resulting from a process of selection from a starting set of items, in which the probability of selecting any one object in the starting set is equal to the probability of selecting any other. PJC]
3.(Construction)of unequal size or shape; made from components of unequal size or shape. PJC]
at randomin a manner so that all possible results have an equal probability of occurrence; for processes, each possible result is counted separately although the same type of result may occur more than once . --
Random courses(Masonry), courses of stone of unequal thickness. --
Random shot, a shot not directed or aimed toward any particular object, or a shot with the muzzle of the gun much elevated. --
Random work(Masonry), stonework consisting of stones of unequal sizes fitted together, but not in courses nor always with flat beds. 1913 Webster]
<-- p. 1188 pr=vmg -->
Ran"dom*ize, v. t.to arrange or rearrange so that there is no predetermined order; to select by a random process; to assign (members of a group) into subgroups by a random process. PJC]
Ran"dom*ly(r, adv.In a random manner. 1913 Webster]
Ran"force`(r, n.[Cf. F. renforcer.]See Re. [Obs.] Bailey. 1913 Webster]
Rang(r, imp. of Ring, v. t. & i. 1913 Webster]
Range(r, v. t.[imp. & p. p.Ranged(r; p. pr. & vb. n.Ranging(r.][OE. rengen, OF. rengier, F. ranger, OF. renc row, rank, F. rang; of German origin. See Rank, n.]1.To set in a row, or in rows; to place in a regular line or lines, or in ranks; to dispose in the proper order; to rank; as, to range soldiers in line. 1913 Webster]
Maccabeus ranged his army by bands.2 Macc. xii. 20. 1913 Webster]
2.To place (as a single individual) among others in a line, row, or order, as in the ranks of an army; -- usually, reflexively and figuratively, (in the sense) to espouse a cause, to join a party, etc. 1913 Webster]
It would be absurd in me to range myself on the side of the Duke of Bedford and the corresponding society.Burke. 1913 Webster]
3.To separate into parts; to sift. [Obs.] Holland. 1913 Webster]
4.To dispose in a classified or in systematic order; to arrange regularly; as, to range plants and animals in genera and species. 1913 Webster]
5.To rove over or through; as, to range the fields. 1913 Webster]
Teach him to range the ditch, and force the brake.Gay. 1913 Webster]
6.To sail or pass in a direction parallel to or near; as, to range the coast. 1913 Webster]
ranger une c\'93te. 1913 Webster]
7.(Biol.)To be native to, or to live in; to frequent. 1913 Webster]
Range, v. i.1.To rove at large; to wander without restraint or direction; to roam. 1913 Webster]
Like a ranging spaniel that barks at every bird he sees.Burton. 1913 Webster]
2.To have range; to change or differ within limits; to be capable of projecting, or to admit of being projected, especially as to horizontal distance; as, the temperature ranged through seventy degrees Fahrenheit; the gun ranges three miles; the shot ranged four miles. 1913 Webster]
3.To be placed in order; to be ranked; to admit of arrangement or classification; to rank. 1913 Webster]
And range with humble livers in content.Shak. 1913 Webster]
4.To have a certain direction; to correspond in direction; to be or keep in a corresponding line; to trend or run; -- often followed by with; as, the front of a house ranges with the street; to range along the coast. 1913 Webster]
Which way the forests range.Dryden. 1913 Webster]
5.(Biol.)To be native to, or live in, a certain district or region; as, the peba ranges from Texas to Paraguay. 1913 Webster]
Syn. -- To rove; roam; ramble; wander; stroll. 1913 Webster]
Range, n.[From Range, v.: cf. F. rang\'82e.]1.A series of things in a line; a row; a rank; as, a range of buildings; a range of mountains. 1913 Webster]
2.An aggregate of individuals in one rank or degree; an order; a class. 1913 Webster]
The next range of beings above him are the immaterial intelligences.Sir M. Hale. 1913 Webster]
3.The step of a ladder; a rung.Clarendon. 1913 Webster]
4.A kitchen grate. [Obs.] 1913 Webster]
He was bid at his first coming to take off the range, and let down the cinders.L'Estrange. 1913 Webster]
5.An extended cooking apparatus of cast iron, set in brickwork, and affording conveniences for various ways of cooking; also, a kind of cooking stove. 1913 Webster]
6.A bolting sieve to sift meal. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] 1913 Webster]
7.A wandering or roving; a going to and fro; an excursion; a ramble; an expedition. 1913 Webster]
He may take a range all the world over.South. 1913 Webster]
8.That which may be ranged over; place or room for excursion; especially, a region of country in which cattle or sheep may wander and pasture. 1913 Webster]
9.Extent or space taken in by anything excursive; compass or extent of excursion; reach; scope; discursive power; as, the range of one's voice, or authority. 1913 Webster]
Far as creation's ample range extends.Pope. 1913 Webster]
The range and compass of Hammond's knowledge filled the whole circle of the arts.Bp. Fell. 1913 Webster]
A man has not enough range of thought.Addison. 1913 Webster]
10.(Biol.)The region within which a plant or animal naturally lives. 1913 Webster]
11.(Gun.)(a)The horizontal distance to which a shot or other projectile is carried.(b)Sometimes, less properly, the trajectory of a shot or projectile.(c)A place where shooting, as with cannons or rifles, is practiced. 1913 Webster]
12.In the public land system of the United States, a row or line of townships lying between two successive meridian lines six miles apart. 1913 Webster]
range 7, W., from the fifth principal meridian. 1913 Webster]
13.(Naut.)See Range of cable, below. 1913 Webster]
Range of accommodation(Optics), the distance between the near point and the far point of distinct vision, -- usually measured and designated by the strength of the lens which if added to the refracting media of the eye would cause the rays from the near point to appear as if they came from the far point. --
Range finder(Gunnery), an instrument, or apparatus, variously constructed, for ascertaining the distance of an inaccessible object, -- used to determine what elevation must be given to a gun in order to hit the object; a position finder. --
Range of cable(Naut.), a certain length of slack cable ranged along the deck preparatory to letting go the anchor. --
Range work(Masonry), masonry of squared stones laid in courses each of which is of even height throughout the length of the wall; -- distinguished from broken range work, which consists of squared stones laid in courses not continuously of even height. --
To get the range of (an object) (Gun.), to find the angle at which the piece must be raised to reach (the object) without carrying beyond. 1913 Webster]
Range"ment(r, n.[Cf. F. rangement.]Arrangement. [Obs.] Waterland. 1913 Webster]
Ran"ger(r, n.1.One who ranges; a rover; sometimes, one who ranges for plunder; a roving robber. 1913 Webster]
2.That which separates or arranges; specifically, a sieve. [Obs.] \'bdThe tamis ranger.\'b8 Holland. 1913 Webster]
3.A dog that beats the ground in search of game. 1913 Webster]
4.One of a body of mounted troops, formerly armed with short muskets, who range over the country, and often fight on foot. 1913 Webster]
5.The keeper of a public park or forest; formerly, a sworn officer of a forest, appointed by the king's letters patent, whose business was to walk through the forest, recover beasts that had strayed beyond its limits, watch the deer, present trespasses to the next court held for the forest, etc. [Eng.] Rangers in U.S. national parks and national monuments perform a similar function. 1913 Webster +PJC]
Ran"ger*ship, n.The office of the keeper of a forest or park. [Eng.] 1913 Webster]
Ran"gle(r, v. i.To range about in an irregular manner. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. 1913 Webster]
Ran"gy(r, a.[From Range, v. i.]Inclined or able to range, or rove about, for considerable distances; apt or suited for much roving, -- chiefly used of cattle. Webster 1913 Suppl.]
\'d8Ra"ni(r, n.[Hind. r\'ben\'c6, Skr. r\'bejn\'c6. See Rajah.]A queen or princess; the wife of a rajah.[Written also ranee.] [India] 1913 Webster]
Ra"nine(r, a.[L. rana a frog.]1.(Zo\'94l.)Of or pertaining to the frogs and toads. 1913 Webster]
2.(Anat.)Pertaining to, or designating, a swelling under the tongue; also, pertaining to the region where the swelling occurs; -- applied especially to branches of the lingual artery and lingual vein. 1913 Webster]
Rank(r, a.[Compar.Ranker(r; superl.Rankest.][AS. ranc strong, proud; cf. D. rank slender, Dan. rank upright, erect, Prov. G. rank slender, Icel. rakkr slender, bold. The meaning seems to have been influenced by L. rancidus, E. rancid.]1.Luxuriant in growth; of vigorous growth; exuberant; grown to immoderate height; as, rank grass; rank weeds. 1913 Webster]
And, behold, seven ears of corn came up upon one stalk, rank and good.Gen. xli. 5. 1913 Webster]
2.Raised to a high degree; violent; extreme; gross; utter; as, rank heresy. \'bdRank nonsense.\'b8 Hare. \'bdI do forgive thy rankest fault.\'b8 Shak. 1913 Webster]
3.Causing vigorous growth; producing luxuriantly; very rich and fertile; as, rank land.Mortimer. 1913 Webster]
4.Strong-scented; rancid; musty; as, oil of a rank smell; rank-smelling rue.Spenser. 1913 Webster]
5.Strong to the taste. \'bdDivers sea fowls taste rank of the fish on which they feed.\'b8 Boyle. 1913 Webster]
6.Inflamed with venereal appetite. [Obs.] Shak. 1913 Webster]
Rank modus(Law), an excessive and unreasonable modus. See Modus, 3. --
To set (the iron of a plane, etc.)
rank, to set so as to take off a thick shaving.Moxon. 1913 Webster]
That rides so rank and bends his lance so fell.Fairfax. 1913 Webster]
Rank, n.[OE. renk, reng, OF. renc, F. rang, fr. OHG. hring a circle, a circular row, G. ring. See Ring, and cf. Range, n. & v.]1.A row or line; a range; an order; a tier; as, a rank of osiers. 1913 Webster]
Many a mountain nigh ranks, and loftier still.Byron. 1913 Webster]
2.(Mil.)A line of soldiers ranged side by side; -- opposed to file. See 1st File, 1 (a). 1913 Webster]
Fierce, fiery warriors fought upon the clouds, ranks and squadrons and right form of war.Shak. 1913 Webster]
3.Grade of official standing, as in the army, navy, or nobility; as, the rank of general; the rank of admiral. 1913 Webster]
4.An aggregate of individuals classed together; a permanent social class; an order; a division; as, ranks and orders of men; the highest and the lowest ranks of men, or of other intelligent beings. 1913 Webster]
5.Degree of dignity, eminence, or excellence; position in civil or social life; station; degree; grade; as, a writer of the first rank; a lawyer of high rank. 1913 Webster]
These all are virtues of a meaner rank.Addison. 1913 Webster]
6.Elevated grade or standing; high degree; high social position; distinction; eminence; as, a man of rank. 1913 Webster]
Rank and file. (a)(Mil.)The whole body of common soldiers, including also corporals. In a more extended sense, it includes sergeants also, excepting the noncommissioned staff.<-- analogously, the lowest ranking members of any organization --> (b)See under 1st File. --
The ranks, the order or grade of common soldiers; as, to reduce a noncommissioned officer to the ranks. --
To fill the ranks, to supply the whole number, or a competent number. --
To take rank of, to have precedence over, or to have the right of taking a higher place than.<--
pull rank, to insist on one's own prerogative or plan of action, by right of a higher rank than that of one suggesting a different plan --> 1913 Webster]
Rank, v. t.[imp. & p. p.Ranked(r; p. pr. & vb. n.Ranking.]1.To place abreast, or in a line. 1913 Webster]
2.To range in a particular class, order, or division; to class; also, to dispose methodically; to place in suitable classes or order; to classify. 1913 Webster]
Ranking all things under general and special heads.I. Watts. 1913 Webster]
Poets were ranked in the class of philosophers.Broome. 1913 Webster]
Heresy is ranked with idolatry and witchcraft.Dr. H. More. 1913 Webster]
3.To take rank of; to outrank. [U.S.] 1913 Webster]
Rank, v. i.1.To be ranged; to be set or disposed, as in a particular degree, class, order, or division. 1913 Webster]
Let that one article rank with the rest.Shak. 1913 Webster]
2.To have a certain grade or degree of elevation in the orders of civil or military life; to have a certain degree of esteem or consideration; as, he ranks with the first class of poets; he ranks high in public estimation. 1913 Webster]
Rank"er(r, n.One who ranks, or disposes in ranks; one who arranges. 1913 Webster]
Ran"kle(r, v. i.[imp. & p. p.Rankled(-k'ld); p. pr. & vb. n.Rankling(-kl.][From Rank, a.]1.To become, or be, rank; to grow rank or strong; to be inflamed; to fester; -- used literally and figuratively. 1913 Webster]
A malady that burns and rankles inward.Rowe. 1913 Webster]
This would have left a rankling wound in the hearts of the people.Burke. 1913 Webster]
2.To produce a festering or inflamed effect; to cause a sore; -- used literally and figuratively; as, a splinter rankles in the flesh; the words rankled in his bosom. 1913 Webster]
Ran"kle(r, v. t.To cause to fester; to make sore; to inflame. [R.] Beau. & Fl. 1913 Webster]
Rank"ness, n.[AS. rancness pride.]The condition or quality of being rank. 1913 Webster]
Ran"nel(r, n.A prostitute. [Obs.] 1913 Webster]
Ran"ny(r, n.[L. araneus mus, a kind of small mouse.](Zo\'94l.)The erd shrew. [Scot.] 1913 Webster]
Ran"sack(r, v. t.[imp. & p. p.Ransacked(-s; p. pr. & vb. n.Ransacking.][OE. ransaken, Icel. rannsaka to explore, examine; rann a house (akin to Goth. razn house, AS. r\'91sn plank, beam) + the root of s\'91kja to seek, akin to E. seek. See Seek, and cf. Rest repose.]1.To search thoroughly; to search every place or part of; as, to ransack a house. 1913 Webster]
To ransack every corner of their . . . hearts.South. 1913 Webster]
2.To plunder; to pillage completely. 1913 Webster]
Their vow is made ransack Troy.Shak. 1913 Webster]
3.To violate; to ravish; to defiour. [Obs.] 1913 Webster]
Rich spoil of ransacked chastity.Spenser. 1913 Webster]
Ran"sack, v. i.To make a thorough search. 1913 Webster]
To ransack in the tas [heap] of bodies dead.Chaucer. 1913 Webster]
Ran"sack, n.The act of ransacking, or state of being ransacked; pillage. [R.] 1913 Webster]
Even your father's house ransack.J. Webster. 1913 Webster]
Ran"som(r, n.[OE. raunson, raunsoun, OF. ran, raen, raan, F. ran, fr. L. redemptio, fr. redimere to redeem. See Redeem, and cf. Redemption.]1.The release of a captive, or of captured property, by payment of a consideration; redemption; as, prisoners hopeless of ransom.Dryden. 1913 Webster]
2.The money or price paid for the redemption of a prisoner, or for goods captured by an enemy; payment for freedom from restraint, penalty, or forfeit. 1913 Webster]
Thy ransom paid, which man from death redeems.Milton. 1913 Webster]
His captivity in Austria, and the heavy ransom he paid for his liberty.Sir J. Davies. 1913 Webster]
3.(O. Eng. Law)A sum paid for the pardon of some great offense and the discharge of the offender; also, a fine paid in lieu of corporal punishment.Blackstone. 1913 Webster]
Ransom bill(Law), a war contract, valid by the law of nations, for the ransom of property captured at sea and its safe conduct into port.Kent. 1913 Webster]
Ran"som, v. t.[imp. & p. p.Ransomed(-s; p. pr. & vb. n.Ransoming.][Cf. F. ran. See Ransom, n.]1.To redeem from captivity, servitude, punishment, or forfeit, by paying a price; to buy out of servitude or penalty; to rescue; to deliver; as, to ransom prisoners from an enemy. 1913 Webster]
2.To exact a ransom for, or a payment on. [R.] 1913 Webster]
Such lands as he had rule of he ransomed them so grievously, and would tax the men two or three times in a year.Berners. 1913 Webster]
Ran"som*a*ble(-, a.Such as can be ransomed. 1913 Webster]
Ran"som*er(-, n.One who ransoms or redeems. 1913 Webster]
Ran"som*less, a.Incapable of being ransomed; without ransom.Shak. 1913 Webster]
Rant(r, v. i.[imp. & p. p.Ranted; p. pr. & vb. n.Ranting.][OD. ranten, randen, to dote, to be enraged.]To rave in violent, high-sounding, or extravagant language, without dignity of thought; to be noisy, boisterous, and bombastic in talk or declamation; as, a ranting preacher. 1913 Webster]
Look where my ranting host of the Garter comes!Shak. 1913 Webster]
Rant, n.High-sounding language, without importance or dignity of thought; boisterous, empty declamation; bombast; as, the rant of fanatics. 1913 Webster]
This is a stoical rant, without any foundation in the nature of man or reason of things.Atterbury. 1913 Webster]
Rant"er(r, n.1.A noisy talker; a raving declaimer. 1913 Webster]
2.(Eccl. Hist.)(a)One of a religious sect which sprung up in 1645; -- called also Seekers. See Seeker.(b)One of the Primitive Methodists, who seceded from the Wesleyan Methodists on the ground of their deficiency in fervor and zeal; -- so called in contempt. 1913 Webster]
Rant"er*ism(r, n.(Eccl. Hist.)The practice or tenets of the Ranters. 1913 Webster]
Rant"ing*ly, adv.In a ranting manner. 1913 Webster]
\'d8Ran"u*la(r, n.[L., a little frog, a little swelling on the tongue of cattle, dim. of rana a frog.](Med.)A cyst formed under the tongue by obstruction of the duct of the submaxillary gland. 1913 Webster]
Ra*nun`cu*la"ceous(r, a.[See Ranunculus.](Bot.)Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants (Ranunculace\'91), of which the buttercup is the type, and which includes also the virgin's bower, the monkshood, larkspur, anemone, meadow rue, and peony. 1913 Webster]
Ra*nun"cu*lus(r, n.; pl. E. Ranunculuses(r, L. Ranunculi(-l.[L., a little frog, a medicinal plant, perhaps crowfoot, dim. of rana a frog; cf. raccare to roar.](Bot.)A genus of herbs, mostly with yellow flowers, including crowfoot, buttercups, and the cultivated ranunculi (Ranunculus Asiaticus, Ranunculus aconitifolius, etc.) in which the flowers are double and of various colors. 1913 Webster]
<-- p. 1189 pr=vmg -->
\'d8Ranz" des` vaches"(r. [F., the ranks or rows of cows, the name being given from the fact that the cattle, when answering the musical call of their keeper, move towards him in a row, preceded by those wearing bells.]The name for numerous simple, but very irregular, melodies of the Swiss mountaineers, blown on a long tube called the Alpine horn, and sometimes sung. 1913 Webster]
Rap(r, n.[Etymol. uncertain.]A lay or skein containing 120 yards of yarn.Knight. 1913 Webster]
Rap, v. i.[imp. & p. p.Rapped(r; p. pr. & vb. n.Rapping.][Akin to Sw. rappa to strike, rapp stroke, Dan. rap, perhaps of imitative origin.]To strike with a quick, sharp blow; to knock; as, to rap on the door. 1913 Webster]
Rap, v. t.1.To strike with a quick blow; to knock on. 1913 Webster]
With one great peal they rap the door.Prior. 1913 Webster]
2.(Founding)To free (a pattern) in a mold by light blows on the pattern, so as to facilitate its removal. 1913 Webster]
Rap, n.A quick, smart blow; a knock. 1913 Webster]
Rap, v. t.[imp. & p. p.Rapped(r, usually written Rapt; p. pr. & vb. n.Rapping.][OE. rapen; akin to LG. & D. rapen to snatch, G. raffen, Sw. rappa; cf. Dan. rappe sig to make haste, and Icel. hrapa to fall, to rush, hurry. The word has been confused with L. rapere to seize. Cf. Rape robbery, Rapture, Raff, v., Ramp, v.]1.To snatch away; to seize and hurry off. 1913 Webster]
And through the Greeks and Ilians they rapt Chapman. 1913 Webster]
From Oxford I was rapt by my nephew, Sir Edmund Bacon, to Redgrove.Sir H. Wotton. 1913 Webster]
2.To hasten. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. 1913 Webster]
3.To seize and bear away, as the mind or thoughts; to transport out of one's self; to affect with ecstasy or rapture; as, rapt into admiration. 1913 Webster]
I'm rapt with joy to see my Marcia's tears.Addison. 1913 Webster]
Rapt into future times, the bard begun.Pope. 1913 Webster]
4.To exchange; to truck. [Obs. & Low] 1913 Webster]
5.To engage in a discussion, converse. PJC]
6.(ca. 1985)to perform a type of rhythmic talking, often with accompanying rhythm instruments. It is considered by some as a type of music; see rap music. PJC]
To rap and ren,
To rap and rend. [Perhaps fr. Icel. hrapa to hurry and r\'91na plunder, fr. r\'ben plunder, E. ran.]To seize and plunder; to snatch by violence.Dryden. \'bd[Ye] waste all that ye may rape and renne.\'b8 Chaucer. 1913 Webster]
All they could rap and rend and pilfer.Hudibras. 1913 Webster]
--
To rap out, to utter with sudden violence, as an oath. 1913 Webster]
A judge who rapped out a great oath.Addison. 1913 Webster]
Rap, n.[Perhaps contr. fr. raparee.]A popular name for any of the tokens that passed current for a half-penny in Ireland in the early part of the eighteenth century; any coin of trifling value. 1913 Webster]
Many counterfeits passed about under the name of raps.Swift. 1913 Webster]
Tie it [her money] up so tight that you can't touch a rap, save with her consent.Mrs. Alexander. 1913 Webster]
Not to care a rap, to care nothing. --
Not worth a rap, worth nothing. 1913 Webster]
Rap, n.1.conversation; also, rapping. PJC]
2.(ca. 1985)a type of rhythmic talking, often with accompanying rhythm instruments; rap music. PJC]
\'d8Ra*pa"ces(r, n. pl.[NL. See Rapacious.](Zo\'94l.)Same as Accipitres. 1913 Webster]
Ra*pa"cious(r, a.[L. rapax, -acis, from rapere to seize and carry off, to snatch away. See Rapid.] 1913 Webster]
1.Given to plunder; disposed or accustomed to seize by violence; seizing by force. \'bd The downfall of the rapacious and licentious Knights Templar.\'b8 Motley. 1913 Webster]
2.Accustomed to seize food; subsisting on prey, or animals seized by violence; as, a tiger is a rapacious animal; a rapacious bird. 1913 Webster]
-- Ra*pa"cious*ly, adv. -- Ra*pa"cious*ness, n. 1913 Webster]
Ra*pac"i*ty(r, n.[L. rapacitas: cf. F. rapacit\'82. See Rapacious.]1.The quality of being rapacious; rapaciousness; ravenousness; as, the rapacity of pirates; the rapacity of wolves. 1913 Webster]
2.The act or practice of extorting or exacting by oppressive injustice; exorbitant greediness of gain. \'bdThe rapacity of some ages.\'b8 Sprat. 1913 Webster]
Rap`a*ree"(r, n.See Rapparee. 1913 Webster]
Rape(r, n.[F. r\'83pe a grape stalk.]1.Fruit, as grapes, plucked from the cluster.Ray. 1913 Webster]
2.The refuse stems and skins of grapes or raisins from which the must has been expressed in wine making. 1913 Webster]
3.A filter containing the above refuse, used in clarifying and perfecting malt, vinegar, etc. 1913 Webster]
Rape wine, a poor, thin wine made from the last dregs of pressed grapes. 1913 Webster]
Rape, n.[Akin to rap to snatch, but confused with L. rapere. See Rap to snatch.]1.The act of seizing and carrying away by force; violent seizure; robbery.<-- [Rare] --> 1913 Webster]
And ruined orphans of thy rapes complain.Sandys. 1913 Webster]
2.(Law)Sexual connection with a woman without her consent. See Age of consent, under Consent, n.
<-- (b) Any sexual intercourse forced on a person, whether male or female (also called forcible rape, or sexual assault, and sometimes, as a euphemism, criminal assault); Any sexual intercourse performed with a person who is under the age of consent, whether male or female, is statutory rape. --> 1913 Webster]
3.That which is snatched away. [Obs.] 1913 Webster]
Where now are all my hopes? O, never more rapes restore.Sandys. 1913 Webster]
4.Movement, as in snatching; haste; hurry. [Obs.] 1913 Webster]
5. (Fig., Colloq.) An action causing results harmful to a person or thing; as, the rape of the land by mining companies. PJC]
Rape, v. t.1.To commit rape upon; to ravish. 1913 Webster]
2. (Fig., Colloq.) To perform an action causing results harmful or very unpleasant to a person or thing; as, women raped first by their assailants, and then by the Justice system. Corresponds to 2nd rape, n. 5. PJC]
To rape and ren. See under Rap, v. t., to snatch. 1913 Webster]
Rape, v. i.To rob; to pillage. [Obs.] Heywood. 1913 Webster]
Rape, n.[Icel. hreppr village, district; cf. Icel. hreppa to catch, obtain, AS. hrepian, hreppan, to touch.]One of six divisions of the county of Sussex, England, intermediate between a hundred and a shire. 1913 Webster]
Rape, n.[L. rapa, rapum, akin to Gr. "ra`pys, "ra`fys, G. r\'81be.](Bot.)A name given to a variety or to varieties of a plant of the turnip kind, grown for seeds and herbage. The seeds are used for the production of rape oil, and to a limited extent for the food of cage birds. 1913 Webster]
Brassica campestris of Europe, which by some is not considered distinct from the wild stock (Brassica oleracea) of the cabbage. See Cole. 1913 Webster]
Broom rape. (Bot.)See Broom rape, in the Vocabulary. --
Rape cake, the refuse remaining after the oil has been expressed from the rape seed. --
Rape root. Same as Rape. --
Summer rape. (Bot.)See Colza. 1913 Webster]
Rape"ful(r, a.1.Violent. [Obs.] 1913 Webster]
2.Given to the commission of rape.Byron. 1913 Webster]
Rap"ful*ly(r, adv.Violently. [Obs.] 1913 Webster]
Raph`a*el*esque"(r, a.Like Raphael's works; in Raphael's manner of painting. 1913 Webster]
Raph"a*el*ism(r, n.The principles of painting introduced by Raphael, the Italian painter. 1913 Webster]
Raph"a*el*ite(r, n.One who advocates or adopts the principles of Raphaelism. 1913 Webster]
Raph"a*ny(r, n.[Cf. F. raphanie.](Med.)A convulsive disease, attended with ravenous hunger, not uncommon in Sweden and Germany. It was so called because supposed to be caused by eating corn with which seeds of jointed charlock (Raphanus raphanistrum) had been mixed, but the condition is now known to be a form of ergotism. 1913 Webster]
Ra"phe(r, n.[NL., fr. Gr. "rafh` a seam or suture, fr. "ra`ptein to sew or stitch together.]1.(Anat.)A line, ridge, furrow, or band of fibers, especially in the median line; as, the raphe of the tongue. 1913 Webster]
2.(Bot.)Same as Rhaphe. 1913 Webster]
\'d8Raph"i*des(r, n. pl.[F. raphide.](Bot.)See Rhaphides. 1913 Webster]
Rap"id(r, a.[L. rapidus, fr. rapere to seize and carry off, to snatch or hurry away; perhaps akin to Gr. 'arpa`zein: cf. F. rapide. Cf. Harpy, Ravish.] 1913 Webster]
1.Very swift or quick; moving with celerity; fast; as, a rapid stream; a rapid flight; a rapid motion. 1913 Webster]
Ascend my chariot; guide the rapid wheels.Milton. 1913 Webster]
2.Advancing with haste or speed; speedy in progression; in quick sequence; as, rapid growth; rapid improvement; rapid recurrence; rapid succession. 1913 Webster]
3.Quick in execution; as, a rapid penman. 1913 Webster]
Rap"id, n.[Cf. F. rapide. See Rapid, a.]The part of a river where the current moves with great swiftness, but without actual waterfall or cascade; sometimes called whitewater; -- usually used in the plural; as, the Lachine rapids in the St. Lawrence. 1913 Webster +PJC]
Row, brothers, row, the stream runs fast, rapids are near, and the daylight's past.Moore. 1913 Webster]
{ Rap"id-fire`, Rap"id-fir`ing }, a.(a)(Gun.)Firing shots in rapid succession.(b)(Ordnance)Capable of being fired rapidly; -- applied to single-barreled guns of greater caliber than small arms, mounted so as to be quickly trained and elevated, with a quick-acting breech mechanism operated by a single motion of a crank or lever (abbr. R. F.);specif.: (1) In the United States navy, designating such a gun using fixed ammunition or metallic cartridge cases; -- distinguished from breech-loading (abbr. B. L.), applied to all guns loading with the charge in bags, and formerly from quick-fire. Rapid-fire guns in the navy also sometimes include automatic or semiautomatic rapid-fire guns; the former being automatic guns of not less than one inch caliber, firing a shell of not less than one pound weight, the explosion of each cartridge operating the mechanism for ejecting the empty shell, loading, and firing the next shot, the latter being guns that require one operation of the hand at each discharge, to load the gun. (2) In the United States army, designating such a gun, whether using fixed or separate ammunition, designed chiefly for use in coast batteries against torpedo vessels and the lightly armored batteries or other war vessels and for the protection of defensive mine fields; -- not distinguished from quick-fire. (3) In Great Britain and Europe used, rarely, as synonymous with quick-fire. Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Rapid-fire mount. (Ordnance)A mount permitting easy and quick elevation or depression and training of the gun, and fitted with a device for taking up the recoil. Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Ra*pid"i*ty(r, n.[L. rapiditas: cf. F. rapidit\'82.]The quality or state of being rapid; swiftness; celerity; velocity; as, the rapidity of a current; rapidity of speech; rapidity of growth or improvement. 1913 Webster]
Rap"id*ness, n.Quality of being rapid; rapidity. 1913 Webster]
Ra"pi*er(r, n.[F. rapi\'8are, perhaps for raspi\'8are, and ultimately of German origin, akin to E. rasp, v.]A straight sword, with a narrow and finely pointed blade, used only for thrusting. 1913 Webster]
Rapier fish(Zo\'94l.), the swordfish. [Obs.] Grew. 1913 Webster]
Ra"pi*ered(-, a.Wearing a rapier. \'bdScarletcoated, rapiered figures.\'b8 Lowell. 1913 Webster]
\'d8Ra*pil"li(r, n. pl.[It.](Min.)Lapilli. 1913 Webster]
Rap"ine(r, n.[F. rapine; cf. Pr. & It. rapina; all fr. L. rapina, fr. rapere to seize and carry off by force. See Rapid, and cf. Raven rapine.]1.The act of plundering; the seizing and carrying away of things by force; spoliation; pillage; plunder. 1913 Webster]
Men who were impelled to war quite as much by the desire of rapine as by the desire of glory.Macaulay. 1913 Webster]
2.Ravishment; rape. [Obs.] Shak. 1913 Webster]
Rap"ine, v. t.To plunder.Sir G. Buck. 1913 Webster]
Rap"i*nous(r, a.Given to rapine. [Obs.] 1913 Webster]
rap` mu"sic(r, n.(ca. 1985)a type of rhythmic talking, often with accompanying rhythm instruments; same as 7th rap, n.. PJC]
Rap"page(r, n.(Founding)The enlargement of a mold caused by rapping the pattern. 1913 Webster]
Rap`pa*ree"(-p, n.A wild Irish plunderer, esp. one of the 17th century; -- so called from his carrying a half-pike, called a rapary.[Written also raparee.] 1913 Webster]
Rapped(r, imp. & p. p. of Rap, to strike. 1913 Webster]
Rapped, imp. & p. p. of Rap, to snatch away. 1913 Webster]
Rap*pee"(r, n.[F. r\'83p\'82, fr. r\'83per to grate, to rasp. See Rasp, v.]A pungent kind of snuff made from the darker and ranker kinds of tobacco leaves. 1913 Webster]
Rap"pel(r, n.[F. Cf. Repeal.](Mil.)The beat of the drum to call soldiers to arms. 1913 Webster]
Rap"per(r, n.[From Rap.]1.One who, or that which, raps or knocks; specifically, the knocker of a door.Sterne. 1913 Webster]
2.A forcible oath or lie. [Slang] Bp. Parker. 1913 Webster]
3.A musician specializing in rap music. PJC]
Rap*port"(r, n.[F., fr. rapporter to bring again or back, to refer; pref. re- re- + apporter to bring, L. apportare. Cf. Report.]Relation; proportion; conformity; correspondence; accord. 1913 Webster]
'T is obvious what rapport there is between the conceptions and languages in every country.Sir W. Temple. 1913 Webster]
\'d8En` rap`port"([F.], in accord, harmony, or sympathy; having a mutual, especially a private, understanding; in mesmerism, in that relation of sympathy which permits influence or communication. 1913 Webster]
\'d8Rap`proche`ment"(?), n.[F., fr. rapprocher to cause to approach again. See Re-; Approach.]Act or fact of coming or being drawn near or together; establishment or state of cordial relations. Webster 1913 Suppl.]
He had witnessed the gradual rapprochement between the papacy and Austria.Wilfrid Ward. Webster 1913 Suppl.]
3.Wholly absorbed or engrossed, as in work or meditation. \'bdRapt in secret studies.\'b8 Shak. 1913 Webster]
Rapt, n.[From F. rapt abduction, rape, L. raptus, fr. rapere to seize and carry off, to transport; or fr. E. rapt, a. See Rapt, a., and Rapid.]1.An ecstasy; a trance. [Obs.] Bp. Morton. 1913 Webster]
2.Rapidity. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. 1913 Webster]
Rapt, v. t.1.To transport or ravish. [Obs.] Drayton. 1913 Webster]
2.To carry away by force. [Obs.] Daniel. 1913 Webster]
Rap"tor(r, n.[L. raptor, from rapere to ravish. See Rapid.]A ravisher; a plunderer. [Obs.] 1913 Webster]
\'d8Rap*to"res(r, n. pl.[NL. See Raptor.](Zo\'94l.)An order of birds, same as Accipitres. Called also Raptatores. 1913 Webster]
Rap*to"ri*al(r, a.(Zo\'94l.)(a)Rapacious; living upon prey; -- said especially of certain birds.(b)Adapted for seizing prey; -- said of the legs, claws, etc., of insects, birds, and other animals.(c)Of or pertaining to the Raptores. See Illust.(f) of Aves. 1913 Webster]
Rap"ture(r, n.[L. rapere, raptum, to carry off by force. See Rapid.]1.A seizing by violence; a hurrying along; rapidity with violence. [Obs.] 1913 Webster]
That 'gainst a rock, or flat, her keel did dash rapture.Chapman. 1913 Webster]
2.The state or condition of being rapt, or carried away from one's self by agreeable excitement; violence of a pleasing passion; extreme joy or pleasure; ecstasy. 1913 Webster]
Music, when thus applied, raises in the mind of the hearer great conceptions; it strengthens devotion, and advances praise into rapture.Addison. 1913 Webster]
You grow correct that once with rapture writ.Pope. 1913 Webster]
3.A spasm; a fit; a syncope; delirium. [Obs.] Shak. 1913 Webster]
Rude mechanicals that rare and late Chapman. 1913 Webster]
Rare, a.[Compar.Rarer(r; superl.Rarest.][Cf. AS. hr, or E. rare early. Nearly raw; partially cooked; not thoroughly cooked; underdone; as, rare beef or mutton. 1913 Webster]
New-laid eggs, which Baucis' busy care rare.Dryden. 1913 Webster]
underdone is preferred. 1913 Webster]
Rare, a.[Compar.Rarer(r; superl.Rarest.][F., fr. L. rarus thin, rare.]1.Not frequent; seldom met with or occurring; unusual; as, a rare event. 1913 Webster]
2.Of an uncommon nature; unusually excellent; valuable to a degree seldom found. 1913 Webster]
Rare work, all filled with terror and delight.Cowley. 1913 Webster]
Above the rest I judge one beauty rare.Dryden. 1913 Webster]
3.Thinly scattered; dispersed. 1913 Webster]
Those rare and solitary, these in flocks.Milton. 1913 Webster]
4.Characterized by wide separation of parts; of loose texture; not thick or dense; thin; as, a rare atmosphere at high elevations. 1913 Webster]
Water is nineteen times lighter, and by consequence nineteen times rarer, than gold.Sir I. Newton. 1913 Webster]
Syn. -- Scarce; infrequent; unusual; uncommon; singular; extraordinary; incomparable. -- Rare, Scarce. We call a thing rare when but few examples, specimens, or instances of it are ever to be met with; as, a rare plant. We speak of a thing as scarce, which, though usually abundant, is for the time being to be had only in diminished quantities; as, a bad harvest makes corn scarce. 1913 Webster]
A perfect union of wit and judgment is one of the rarest things in the world.Burke. 1913 Webster]
When any particular piece of money grew very scarce, it was often recoined by a succeeding emperor.Addison. 1913 Webster]
Rare"bit(r, n.A dainty morsel; a Welsh rabbit. See Welsh rabbit, under Rabbit. 1913 Webster]
Rar"ee-show`(r, n.[Contr. fr. rarity-show.]A show carried about in a box; a peep show.Pope. 1913 Webster]
Rar`e*fac"tion(r, n.[Cf. F. rar\'82faction. See Rarefy.]The act or process of rarefying; the state of being rarefied; -- opposed to condensation; as, the rarefaction of air. 1913 Webster]
Rar"e*fi`a*ble(r, a.[Cf. F. rar\'82fiable.]Capable of being rarefied.Boyle. 1913 Webster]
Rar"e*fy(r, v. t.[imp. & p. p.Rarefied(r; p. pr. & vb. n.Rarefying(r.][F. rar\'82fier; L. rarus rare + -ficare (in comp.) to make; cf. L. rarefacere. See -fy.]To make rare, thin, porous, or less dense; to expand or enlarge without adding any new portion of matter to; -- opposed to condense. 1913 Webster]
Rar"e*fy, v. i.To become less dense; to become thin and porous. \'bdEarth rarefies to dew.\'b8 Dryden. 1913 Webster]
Rare"ly(r, adv.1.In a rare manner or degree; seldom; not often; as, things rarely seen. 1913 Webster]
2.Finely; excellently; with rare skill. See 3d Rare, 2. 1913 Webster]
The person who played so rarely on the flageolet.Sir W. Scott. 1913 Webster]
The rest of the apartments are rarely gilded.Evelyn. 1913 Webster]
Rare"ness, n.The state or quality of being rare. 1913 Webster]
And let the rareness the small gift commend.Dryden. 1913 Webster]
Rare"ripe`(-r, a.[Rare early + ripe. Cf. Rathripe.]Early ripe; ripe before others, or before the usual season. 1913 Webster]
Rare"ripe`, n.An early ripening fruit, especially a kind of freestone peach. 1913 Webster]
Rar"i*ty(r, n.; pl.Rarities(r.[L. raritas: cf. F. raret\'82. See Rare.]1.The quality or state of being rare; rareness; thinness; as, the rarity (contrasted with the density) of gases. 1913 Webster]
<-- p. 1190 pr=vmg -->
2.That which is rare; an uncommon thing; a thing valued for its scarcity. 1913 Webster]
I saw three rarities of different kinds, which pleased me more than any other shows in the place.Addison. 1913 Webster]
Ras(r, n.See 2d Reis. 1913 Webster]
\'d8Ra`sante"(r, a.[F., p. pr. of raser to graze.](Fort.)Sweeping; grazing; -- applied to a style of fortification in which the command of the works over each other, and over the country, is kept very low, in order that the shot may more effectually sweep or graze the ground before them.H. L. Scott. 1913 Webster]
Ras"cal(r, n.[OE. rascaille rabble, probably from an OF. racaille, F. racaille the rabble, rubbish, probably akin to F. racler to scrape, (assumed) LL. rasiculare, rasicare, fr. L. radere, rasum. See Rase, v.] 1913 Webster]
1.One of the rabble; a low, common sort of person or creature; collectively, the rabble; the common herd; also, a lean, ill-conditioned beast, esp. a deer. [Obs.] 1913 Webster]
He smote of the people seventy men, and fifty thousand of the rascal.Wyclif (1 Kings [1 Samuel] vi. 19). 1913 Webster]
Poor men alone? No, no; the noblest deer hath them [horns] as huge as the rascal.Shak. 1913 Webster]
2.A mean, trickish fellow; a base, dishonest person; a rogue; a scoundrel; a trickster. 1913 Webster]
For I have sense to serve my turn in store, rascal who pretends to more.Dryden. 1913 Webster]
Ras"cal, a.Of or pertaining to the common herd or common people; low; mean; base. \'bdThe rascal many.\'b8 Spencer. \'bdThe rascal people.\'b8 Shak. 1913 Webster]
While she called me rascal fiddler.Shak. 1913 Webster]
Ras"cal*dom(-d, n.State of being a rascal; rascality; domain of rascals; rascals, collectively.Emerson. 1913 Webster]
1.The quality or state of being rascally, or a rascal; mean trickishness or dishonesty; base fraud. 1913 Webster]
2.The poorer and lower classes of people. [Obs.] 1913 Webster]
The chief heads of their clans with their several rascalitiesT. Jackson. 1913 Webster]
Ras*cal"lion(r, n.[From Rascal]A low, mean wretch; a rogue; same as rascal, n.. 2; now disused, replaced by rapscalion. [archaic] [Written also rascalion.] 1913 Webster]
Ras"cal*ly(r, a.Like a rascal; trickish or dishonest; base; worthless; -- often in humorous disparagement, without implication of dishonesty. 1913 Webster]
Our rascally porter is fallen fast asleep.Swift. 1913 Webster]
Rase(r, v. t.[imp. & p. p.Rased(r; p. pr. & vb. n.Rasing.][F. raser, LL. rasare to scrape often, v. freq. fr. L. radere, rasum, to scrape, shave; cf. Skr. rad to scratch, gnaw, L. rodere to gnaw. Cf. Raze, Razee, Razor, Rodent.]1.To rub along the surface of; to graze. [Obsoles.] 1913 Webster]
Was he not in the . . . neighborhood to death? and might not the bullet which rased his cheek have gone into his head?South. 1913 Webster]
Sometimes his feet rased the surface of the water, and at others the skylight almost flattened his nose.Beckford. 1913 Webster]
2.To rub or scratch out; to erase. [Obsoles.] 1913 Webster]
Except we rase the faculty of memory, root and branch, out of our mind.Fuller. 1913 Webster]
3.To level with the ground; to overthrow; to destroy; to raze.[In this sense raze is generally used.] 1913 Webster]
Till Troy were by their brave hands rased, Chapman. 1913 Webster]
rase, may be considered as nearly obsolete; graze, erase, and raze, having superseded it. 1913 Webster]
Rasing iron, a tool for removing old oakum and pitch from the seams of a vessel. 1913 Webster]
Rase, v. i.To be leveled with the ground; to fall; to suffer overthrow. [Obs.] 1913 Webster]
Rase, n.1.A scratching out, or erasure. [Obs.] 1913 Webster]
2.A slight wound; a scratch. [Obs.] Hooker. 1913 Webster]
3.(O. Eng. Law)A way of measuring in which the commodity measured was made even with the top of the measuring vessel by rasing, or striking off, all that was above it.Burrill. 1913 Webster]
Rash(r, v. t.[For arace.]1.To pull off or pluck violently. [Obs.] 1913 Webster]
2.To slash; to hack; to cut; to slice. [Obs.] 1913 Webster]
Rashing off helms and riving plates asunder.Spenser. 1913 Webster]
Rash, n.[OF. rasche an eruption, scurf, F. rache; fr. (assumed) LL. rasicare to scratch, fr. L. radere, rasum, to scrape, scratch, shave. See Rase, and cf. Rascal.](Med.)A fine eruption or efflorescence on the body, with little or no elevation. 1913 Webster]
Canker rash. See in the Vocabulary. --
Nettle rash. See Urticaria. --
Rose rash. See Roseola. --
Tooth rash. See Red-gum. 1913 Webster]
Rash, n.[Cf. F. ras short-nap cloth, It. & Sp. raso satin (cf. Rase); or cf. It. rascia serge, G. rasch, probably fr. Arras in France (cf. Arras).]An inferior kind of silk, or mixture of silk and worsted. [Obs.] Donne. 1913 Webster]
Rash, a.[Compar.Rasher(-; superl.Rashest.][Probably of Scand. origin; cf. Dan. & Sw. rask quick, brisk, rash, Icel. r\'94skr vigorous, brave, akin to D. & G. rasch quick, of uncertain origin.]1.Sudden in action; quick; hasty. [Obs.] \'bdStrong as aconitum or rash gunpowder.\'b8 Shak. 1913 Webster]
I scarce have leisure to salute you, rash.Shak. 1913 Webster]
3.Esp., overhasty in counsel or action; precipitate; resolving or entering on a project or measure without due deliberation and caution; opposed to prudent; said of persons; as, a rash statesman or commander. 1913 Webster]
4.Uttered or undertaken with too much haste or too little reflection; as, rash words; rash measures. 1913 Webster]
5.So dry as to fall out of the ear with handling, as corn. [Prov. Eng.] Grose. 1913 Webster]
Syn. -- Precipitate; headlong; headstrong; foolhardy; hasty; indiscreet; heedless; thoughtless; incautious; careless; inconsiderate; unwary. -- Rash, Adventurous, Foolhardy. A man is adventurous who incurs risk or hazard from a love of the arduous and the bold. A man is rash who does it from the mere impulse of his feelings, without counting the cost. A man is foolhardy who throws himself into danger in disregard or defiance of the consequences. 1913 Webster]
Was never known a more adventurous knight.Dryden. 1913 Webster]
Her rash hand in evil hour Milton. 1913 Webster]
If any yet be so foolhardy Hudibras. 1913 Webster]
Rash(r, v. t.To prepare with haste. [Obs.] Foxe. 1913 Webster]
Rash"er(r, n.[In sense 1, probably fr. rash, a., as being hastily cooked.]1.A thin slice of bacon. 1913 Webster]
2.(Zo\'94l.)A California rockfish (Sebastichthys miniatus). 1913 Webster]
\'d8Ras*kol"nik(r, n.; pl. Raskolniki(r or Raskolniks(#). [Russ. raskol'nik dissenter, fr. raskol dissent.]The name applied by the Russian government to any subject of the Greek faith who dissents from the established church. The Raskolniki embrace many sects, whose common characteristic is a clinging to antique traditions, habits, and customs. The schism originated in 1667 in an ecclesiastical dispute as to the correctness of the translation of the religious books. The dissenters, who have been continually persecuted, are believed to number about 20,000,000, although the Holy Synod officially puts the number at about 2,000,000. They are officially divided into three groups according to the degree of their variance from orthodox beliefs and observances, as follows: I. \'bdMost obnoxious.\'b8 the
Judaizers; the
Molokane, who refuse to recognize civil authority or to take oaths; the
Dukhobortsy, or
Dukhobors, who are communistic, marry without ceremony, and believe that Christ was human, but that his soul reappears at intervals in living men; the
Khlysty, who countenance anthropolatory, are ascetics, practice continual self-flagellation, and reject marriage; the
Skoptsy, who practice castration; and a section of the
Bezpopovtsy, or priestless sect, which disbelieve in prayers for the Czar and in marriage. II. \'bdObnoxious:\'b8 the
Bezpopovtsy, who pray for the Czar and recognize marriage. III. \'bdLeast obnoxious:\'b8 the
Popovtsy, who dissent from the orthodox church in minor points only.[Written also rascolnik.] Webster 1913 Suppl.]
\'d8Ra*so"res(r, n. pl.[NL., fr. L. radere, rasum, to scratch. See Rase, v. t.](Zo\'94l.)An order of birds; the Gallin\'91. 1913 Webster]
Rasores was used in a wider sense, so as to include other birds now widely separated in classification. 1913 Webster]
Ra*so"ri*al(r, a.(Zo\'94l.)Of or pertaining to the Rasores, or gallinaceous birds, as the peacock, domestic fowl, partridge, quail, and the like. 1913 Webster]
Ra"sour(r, n.Razor. [Obs.] Chaucer. 1913 Webster]
Rasp(r, v. t.[imp. & p. p.Rasped(r; p. pr. & vb. n.Rasping.][OF. rasper, F. r\'83per, to scrape, grate, rasp, fr. OHG. rasp to scrape together, to collect, probably akin to E. rap. Cf. Rap to snatch.] 1913 Webster]
1.To rub or file with a rasp; to rub or grate with a rough file; as, to rasp wood to make it smooth; to rasp bones to powder. 1913 Webster]
2.Hence, figuratively: To grate harshly upon; to offend by coarse or rough treatment or language; as, some sounds rasp the ear; his insults rasped my temper. 1913 Webster]
Rasp, n.[OE. raspe, OF. raspe, F. r\'83pe. See Rasp, v.] 1913 Webster]
1.A coarse file, on which the cutting prominences are distinct points raised by the oblique stroke of a sharp punch, instead of lines raised by a chisel, as on the true file. 1913 Webster]
2.The raspberry. [Obs.] \'bdSet sorrel amongst rasps, and the rasps will be the smaller.\'b8 Bacon. 1913 Webster]
Rasp palm(Bot.), a Brazilian palm tree (Iriartea exorhiza) which has strong a\'89rial roots like a screw pine. The roots have a hard, rough surface, and are used by the natives for graters and rasps, whence the common name. 1913 Webster]
Rasp"a*to*ry(r, n.[LL. raspatorium: cf. F. raspatoir. See Rasp, v.]A surgeon's rasp.Wiseman. 1913 Webster]
Rasp"ber*ry(r, n.[From E. rasp, in allusion to the apparent roughness of the fruit.](Bot.)(a)The thimble-shaped fruit of the Rubus Id\'91us and other similar brambles; as, the black, the red, and the white raspberry.(b)The shrub bearing this fruit. 1913 Webster]
1913 Webster]
Rasp"er(r, n.One who, or that which, rasps; a scraper. 1913 Webster]
Rasp"y(r, a.Like a rasp, or the sound made by a rasp; grating.R. D. Blackmore. 1913 Webster]
Rasse(r, n.[Cf. Malay r\'besa taste, sensation.](Zo\'94l.)A carnivore (Viverricula Mallaccensis) allied to the civet but smaller, native of China and the East Indies. It furnishes a perfume resembling that of the civet, which is highly prized by the Javanese. Called also Malacca weasel, and lesser civet. 1913 Webster]
Ra"sure(r, n.[L. rasura, fr. radere, rasum, to scrape, to shave. See Rase, v.]1.The act of rasing, scraping, or erasing; erasure; obliteration. 1913 Webster]
2.A mark by which a letter, word, or any part of a writing or print, is erased, effaced, or obliterated; an erasure.Ayliffe. 1913 Webster]
Rat(r, n.[AS. r\'91t; akin to D. rat, OHG. rato, ratta, G. ratte, ratze, OLG. ratta, LG. & Dan. rotte, Sw. r\'86tta, F. rat, Ir. & Gael radan, Armor. raz, of unknown origin. Cf. Raccoon.]1.(Zo\'94l.)One of several species of small rodents of the genus Rattus (formerly included in Mus) and allied genera, of the family Muridae, distinguished from mice primarily by being larger. They infest houses, stores, and ships, especially the Norway rat, also called brown rat, (Rattus norvegicus formerly Mus decumanus), the black rat (Rattus rattus formerly Mus rattus), and the roof rat (formerly Mus Alexandrinus, now included in Rattus rattus). These were introduced into America from the Old World. The white rat used most commonly in laboratories is primarily a strain derived from Rattus rattus. 1913 Webster +PJC]
2.A round and tapering mass of hair, or similar material, used by women to support the puffs and rolls of their natural hair. [Local, U.S.] 1913 Webster]
3.One who deserts his party or associates; hence, in the trades, one who works for lower wages than those prescribed by a trades union. [Cant] 1913 Webster]
rat) was first, as we have seen, leveled at the converts to the government of George the First, but has by degrees obtained a wider meaning, and come to be applied to any sudden and mercenary change in politics.\'b8 Lord Mahon. 1913 Webster]
Bamboo rat(Zo\'94l.), any Indian rodent of the genus Rhizomys. --
Beaver rat,
Coast rat. (Zo\'94l.)See under Beaver and Coast. --
Blind rat(Zo\'94l.), the mole rat. --
Cotton rat(Zo\'94l.), a long-haired rat (Sigmodon hispidus), native of the Southern United States and Mexico. It makes its nest of cotton and is often injurious to the crop. --
Ground rat. See Ground Pig, under Ground. --
Hedgehog rat. See under Hedgehog. --
Kangaroo rat(Zo\'94l.), the potoroo. --
Norway rat(Zo\'94l.), the common brown rat. See Rat. --
Pouched rat. (Zo\'94l.)(a)See Pocket Gopher, under Pocket.(b)Any African rodent of the genus Cricetomys.
Rat Indians(Ethnol.), a tribe of Indians dwelling near Fort Ukon, Alaska. They belong to the Athabascan stock. --
Rat mole. (Zo\'94l.)See Mole rat, under Mole. --
Rat pit, an inclosed space into which rats are put to be killed by a dog for sport. --
Rat snake(Zo\'94l.), a large colubrine snake (Ptyas mucosus) very common in India and Ceylon. It enters dwellings, and destroys rats, chickens, etc. --
Spiny rat(Zo\'94l.), any South American rodent of the genus Echinomys. --
To smell a rat. See under Smell. --
Wood rat(Zo\'94l.), any American rat of the genus Neotoma, especially Neotoma Floridana, common in the Southern United States. Its feet and belly are white. 1913 Webster]
Rat, v. i.[imp. & p. p.Ratted; p. pr. & vb. n.Ratting.]1.In English politics, to desert one's party from interested motives; to forsake one's associates for one's own advantage; in the trades, to work for less wages, or on other conditions, than those established by a trades union. 1913 Webster]
Coleridge . . . incurred the reproach of having ratted, solely by his inability to follow the friends of his early days.De Quincey. 1913 Webster]
2.To catch or kill rats. 1913 Webster]
2.To be an informer (against an associate); to inform (on an associate); to squeal; -- used commonly in the phrase to rat on. PJC]
Ra"ta(r, n.[Maori.](Bot.)A New Zealand forest tree (Metrosideros robusta), also, its hard dark red wood, used by the Maoris for paddles and war clubs. 1913 Webster]
Rat`a*bil"i*ty(r, n.The quality or state of being ratable. 1913 Webster]
Rat"a*ble(r, a.1.Capable of being rated, or set at a certain value. 1913 Webster]
Twenty or\'91 were ratable to [at] two marks of silver.Camden. 1913 Webster]
2.Liable to, or subjected by law to, taxation; as, ratable estate. 1913 Webster]
3.Made at a proportionate rate; as, ratable payments. -- Rat"a*ble*ness, n. -- Rat"a*bly, adv. 1913 Webster]
rat"a*ble(r, n.a structure which may be rated, or set at a certain value, for the purpose of taxation, usually based on the value; as, with the deterioration of the center cities, the loss of ratables worsened the situation by removing valuable sources of tax revenue. PJC]
Rat`a*fi"a(r, n.[F., fr. Malay arak arrack + t\'bef\'c6a a spirit distilled from molasses.]A spirituous liquor flavored with the kernels of cherries, apricots, peaches, or other fruit, spiced, and sweetened with sugar; -- a term applied to the liqueurs called noyau, cura, etc.[Written also ratifia and ratafee.] 1913 Webster]
Ra*tan"(r, n.See Rattan. 1913 Webster]
Rat"a*ny(r, n.(Bot.)Same as Rhatany. 1913 Webster]
\'d8Ra`ta`plan"(r, n.[F.]The iterative sound of beating a drum, or of a galloping horse. 1913 Webster]
Ratch(r, n.(Zo\'94l.)Same as Rotche. 1913 Webster]
Ratch(r, n.[See Rack the instrument, Ratchet.]A ratchet wheel, or notched bar, with which a pawl or click works. 1913 Webster]
Ratch"et(-, n.[Properly a diminutive from the same word as rack: cf. F. rochet. See 2d Ratch, Rack the instrument.]1.A pawl, click, or detent, for holding or propelling a ratchet wheel, or ratch, etc. 1913 Webster]
2.A mechanism composed of a ratchet wheel, or ratch, and pawl. See Ratchet wheel, below, and 2d Ratch. 1913 Webster]
Ratchet brace(Mech.), a boring brace, having a ratchet wheel and pawl for rotating the tool by back and forth movements of the brace handle. --
Ratchet drill, a portable machine for working a drill by hand, consisting of a hand lever carrying at one end a drill holder which is revolved by means of a ratchet wheel and pawl, by swinging the lever back and forth. --
Ratchet wheel(Mach.), a circular wheel having teeth, usually angular, with which a reciprocating pawl engages to turn the wheel forward, or a stationary pawl to hold it from turning backward. 1913 Webster]
<-- illustr. Ratchet wheel and ilustr. of ratchet drill --> 1913 Webster]
c slides over the teeth in one direction, but in returning, draws the wheel with it, while the pawl d prevents it from turning in the contrary direction. 1913 Webster]
<-- p. 1191 pr=vmg -->
Rate(r, v. t. & i.[Perh. fr. E. rate, v. t., to value at a certain rate, to estimate, but more prob. fr. Sw. rata to find fault, to blame, to despise, to hold cheap; cf. Icel. hrat refuse, hrati rubbish.]To chide with vehemence; to scold; to censure violently; to berate.Spenser. 1913 Webster +PJC]
Conscience is a check to beginners in sin, reclaiming them from it, and rating them for it.Barrow. 1913 Webster]
Rate(?), n.[OF., fr. L. rata (sc. pars), fr. ratus reckoned, fixed by calculation, p. p. of reri to reckon, to calculate. Cf. Reason.]1.Established portion or measure; fixed allowance. 1913 Webster]
The one right feeble through the evil rate Spenser. 1913 Webster]
2.That which is established as a measure or criterion; degree; standard; rank; proportion; ratio; as, a slow rate of movement; rate of interest is the ratio of the interest to the principal, per annum. 1913 Webster]
Heretofore the rate and standard of wit was different from what it is nowadays.South. 1913 Webster]
In this did his holiness and godliness appear above the rate and pitch of other men's, in that he was so . . . merciful.Calamy. 1913 Webster]
Many of the horse could not march at that rate, nor come up soon enough.Clarendon. 1913 Webster]
3.Valuation; price fixed with relation to a standard; cost; charge; as, high or low rates of transportation. 1913 Webster]
They come at dear rates from Japan.Locke. 1913 Webster]
4.A tax or sum assessed by authority on property for public use, according to its income or value; esp., in England, a local tax; as, parish rates; town rates. 1913 Webster]
5.Order; arrangement. [Obs.] 1913 Webster]
Thus sat they all around in seemly rate.Spenser. 1913 Webster]
7.(Horol.)The gain or loss of a timepiece in a unit of time; as, daily rate; hourly rate; etc. 1913 Webster]
8.(Naut.)(a)The order or class to which a war vessel belongs, determined according to its size, armament, etc.; as, first rate, second rate, etc.(b)The class of a merchant vessel for marine insurance, determined by its relative safety as a risk, as A1, A2, etc. 1913 Webster]
Rate, v. t.[imp. & p. p.Rated; p. pr. & vb. n.Rating.]1.To set a certain estimate on; to value at a certain price or degree. 1913 Webster]
To rate a man by the nature of his companions is a rule frequent indeed, but not infallible.South. 1913 Webster]
You seem not high enough your joys to rate.Dryden. 1913 Webster]
2.To assess for the payment of a rate or tax. 1913 Webster]
3.To settle the relative scale, rank, position, amount, value, or quality of; as, to rate a ship; to rate a seaman; to rate a pension. 1913 Webster]
4.To ratify. [Obs.] \'bdTo rate the truce.\'b8 Chapman. 1913 Webster]
To rate a chronometer, to ascertain the exact rate of its gain or loss as compared with true time, so as to make an allowance or computation dependent thereon. 1913 Webster]
Syn. -- To value; appraise; estimate; reckon. 1913 Webster]
Rate, v. i.1.To be set or considered in a class; to have rank; as, the ship rates as a ship of the line. 1913 Webster]
2.To make an estimate. 1913 Webster]
Rate"a*ble(-, a.See Ratable. 1913 Webster]
Ra"tel(r, n.[F.](Zo\'94l.)Any carnivore of the genus Mellivora, allied to the weasels and the skunks; -- called also honey badger. 1913 Webster]
Mellivora Capensis) and the Indian ratel (Mellivora Indica) are the best known. The back is gray; the lower parts, face, and tail are black. They are fond of honey, and rob the nests of wild bees. 1913 Webster]
Rate"pay`er(-p, n.One who pays rates or taxes. 1913 Webster]
Rat"er(r, n.One who rates or estimates. 1913 Webster]
Rat"er, n.One who rates or scolds. 1913 Webster]
Rat"fish`(r, n.(Zo\'94l.)Same as Rat-tail. 1913 Webster]
Rath(r, n.[Ir. rath.]1.A hill or mound. [Ireland] Spenser. 1913 Webster]
2.A kind of ancient fortification found in Ireland. 1913 Webster]
{ Rath, Rathe }(r, a.[AS. hr\'91\'eb, hr\'91d, quick, akin to OHG. hrad, Icel. hra\'ebr.]Coming before others, or before the usual time; early. [Obs. or Poetic] 1913 Webster]
Bring the rathe primrose that forsaken dies.Milton. 1913 Webster]
Too rathe cut off by practice criminal.Spenser. 1913 Webster]
Rath"er(r, a.[Compar. of Rath, a.]Prior; earlier; former. [Obs.] 1913 Webster]
Now no man dwelleth at the rather town.Sir J. Mandeville. 1913 Webster]
Rath"er(r, adv.[AS. hra\'ebor, compar. of hra\'ebe, hr\'91\'ebe, quickly, immediately. See Rath, a.] 1913 Webster]
1.Earlier; sooner; before. [Obs.] 1913 Webster]
Thou shalt, quod he, be rather false than I.Chaucer. 1913 Webster]
A good mean to come the rather to grace.Foxe. 1913 Webster]
2.More readily or willingly; preferably. 1913 Webster]
My soul chooseth . . . death rather than my life.Job vii. 15. 1913 Webster]
3.On the other hand; to the contrary of what was said or suggested; instead. 1913 Webster]
Was nothing bettered, but rather grew worse.Mark v. 26. 1913 Webster]
4.Of two alternatives conceived of, this by preference to, or as more likely than, the other; somewhat. 1913 Webster]
He sought throughout the world, but sought in vain, rather feared her slain.Dryden. 1913 Webster]
5.More properly; more correctly speaking. 1913 Webster]
This is an art rather, but Shak. 1913 Webster]
6.In some degree; somewhat; as, the day is rather warm; the house is rather damp. 1913 Webster]
The rather, the more so; especially; for better reason; for particular cause. 1913 Webster]
You are come to me in happy time, The rather for I have some sport in hand.Shak. 1913 Webster]
--
Had rather, or
Would rather, prefer to; prefers to; as, he had rather, or would rather go than stay. \'bdI had rather speak five words with my understanding than ten thousand words in an unknown tongue.\'b8 1 Cor. xiv. 19. See Had rather, under Had. 1913 Webster]
Rath"ripe`(r, a.Rareripe, or early ripe. -- n.A rareripe. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] 1913 Webster]
Such who delight in rathripe fruits.Fuller. 1913 Webster]
\'d8Raths"kel`ler(r, n.[G., also ratskeller, prop., town-hall cellar.]Orig., in Germany, the cellar or basement of the city hall, usually rented for use as a restaurant where beer is sold; hence, a beer saloon of the German type below the street level, where, usually, drinks are served only at tables and simple food may also be had; -- sometimes loosely used, in English, of what are essentially basement restaurants where liquors are served. Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Rat`i*fi*ca"tion(r, n.[Cf. F. ratification.]The act of ratifying; the state of being ratified; confirmation; sanction; as, the ratification of a treaty. 1913 Webster]
Rat"i*fi`er(r, n.One who, or that which, ratifies; a confirmer.Shak. 1913 Webster]
Rat"i*fy(r, v. t.[imp. & p. p.Ratified(r; p. pr. & vb. n.Ratifying(r.][F. ratifier, fr. L. ratus fixed by calculation, firm, valid + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See Rate, n., and -fy.]To approve and sanction; to make valid; to confirm; to establish; to settle; especially, to give sanction to, as something done by an agent or servant; as, to ratify an agreement, treaty, or contract; to ratify a nomination. 1913 Webster]
It is impossible for the divine power to set a seal to a lie by ratifying an imposture with such a miracle.South. 1913 Webster]
Rat`i*ha*bi"tion(-h, n.[L. ratihabitio; ratus fixed, valid + habere to hold.]Confirmation or approbation, as of an act or contract. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. 1913 Webster]
Ra"ti*o(r, n.[L., fr. reri, ratus, to reckon, believe, think, judge. See Reason.]1.(Math.)The relation which one quantity or magnitude has to another of the same kind. It is expressed by the quotient of the division of the first by the second; thus, the ratio of 3 to 6 is expressed by a to b by a/b; or (less commonly) the second term is made the dividend; as, a:b = b/a. 1913 Webster]
ratio as the quotient itself, making ratio equivalent to a number. 1913 Webster]
The term ratio is also sometimes applied to the difference of two quantities as well as to their quotient, in which case the former is called arithmetical ratio, the latter, geometrical ratio. The name ratio is sometimes given to the rule of three in arithmetic. See under Rule. 1913 Webster]
2.Hence, fixed relation of number, quantity, or degree; rate; proportion; as, the ratio of representation in Congress. 1913 Webster]
Compound ratio,
Duplicate ratio,
Inverse ratio, etc.See under Compound, Duplicate, etc. --
Ratio of a geometrical progression, the constant quantity by which each term is multiplied to produce the succeeding one. 1913 Webster]
Ra`ti*oc"i*nate(r, v. i.[L. ratiocinatus, p. p. of ratiocinari, fr. ratio reason. See Ratio.]To reason, esp. deductively; to offer reason or argument. 1913 Webster]
Ra`ti*oc`i*na"tion(r, n.[L. ratiocinatio: cf. F. ratiocination.]The process of reasoning, or deducing conclusions from premises; deductive reasoning. 1913 Webster]
Ra`ti*oc"i*na*tive(r, a.[L. ratiocinativus.]Characterized by, or addicted to, ratiocination; consisting in the comparison of propositions or facts, and the deduction of inferences from the comparison; argumentative; as, a ratiocinative process. 1913 Webster]
The ratiocinative meditativeness of his character.Coleridge. 1913 Webster]
Ra"tion(ror r, n.[F., fr. L. ratio a reckoning, calculation, relation, reference, LL. ratio ration. See Ratio.]1.A fixed daily allowance of provisions assigned to a soldier in the army, or a sailor in the navy, for his subsistence. 1913 Webster]
1913 Webster]
2.Hence, a certain portion or fixed amount dealt out; an allowance; an allotment. 1913 Webster]
Ra"tion, v. t.To supply with rations, as a regiment. 1913 Webster]
Ra"tion*al(r, a.[L. rationalis: cf. F. rationnel. See Ratio, Reason, and cf. Rationale.]1.Relating to the reason; not physical; mental. 1913 Webster]
Moral philosophy was his chiefest end; for the rational, the natural, and mathematics . . . were but simple pastimes in comparison of the other.Sir T. North. 1913 Webster]
2.Having reason, or the faculty of reasoning; endowed with reason or understanding; reasoning. 1913 Webster]
It is our glory and happiness to have a rational nature.Law. 1913 Webster]
3.Agreeable to reason; not absurd, preposterous, extravagant, foolish, fanciful, or the like; wise; judicious; as, rational conduct; a rational man. 1913 Webster]
4.(Chem.)Expressing the type, structure, relations, and reactions of a compound; graphic; -- said of formul\'91. See under Formula. 1913 Webster]
Rational horizon. (Astron.)See Horizon, 2 (b). --
Rational quantity(Alg.), one that can be expressed without the use of a radical sign, or in exact parts of unity; -- opposed to irrational or radical quantity. --
Rational symptom(Med.), one elicited by the statements of the patient himself and not as the result of a physical examination.
<-- rational drug design. --> 1913 Webster]
Syn. -- Sane; sound; intelligent; reasonable; sensible; wise; discreet; judicious. -- Rational, reasonable. Rational has reference to reason as a faculty of the mind, and is opposed to irrational; as, a rational being, a rational state of mind, rational views, etc. In these cases the speculative reason is more particularly, referred to. Reasonable has reference to the exercise of this faculty for practical purposes, and means, governed or directed by reason; as, reasonable desires or plans; a reasonable charge; a reasonable prospect of success. 1913 Webster]
What higher in her society thou find'st rational, love still.Milton. 1913 Webster]
A law may be reasonable in itself, although a man does not allow it, or does not know the reason of the lawgivers.Swift. 1913 Webster]
Ra`tion*a"le(ror r, n.[L. rationalis, neut. rationale. See Rational, a.]An explanation or exposition of the principles of some opinion, action, hypothesis, phenomenon, or the like; also, the principles themselves. 1913 Webster]
Ra"tion*al*ism(r, n.[Cf. F. rationalisme.]1.(Theol.)The doctrine or system of those who deduce their religious opinions from reason or the understanding, as distinct from, or opposed to, revelation. 1913 Webster]
2.(Philos.)The system that makes rational power the ultimate test of truth; -- opposed to sensualism, or sensationalism, and empiricism.Fleming. 1913 Webster]
Ra"tion*al*ist, n.[Cf. F. rationaliste.]One who accepts rationalism as a theory or system; also, disparagingly, a false reasoner. See Citation under Reasonist. 1913 Webster]
{ Ra`tion*al*is"tic(r, Ra`tion*al*is"tic*al(-t, }a.Belonging to, or in accordance with, the principles of rationalism. -- Ra`tion*al*is"tic*al*ly, adv. 1913 Webster]
Ra`tion*al"i*ty(r, n.; pl.-ties(-t.[F. rationalit\'82, or L. rationalitas.]The quality or state of being rational; agreement with reason; possession of reason; due exercise of reason; reasonableness. 1913 Webster]
When God has made rationality the common portion of mankind, how came it to be thy inclosure?Gov. of Tongue. 1913 Webster]
Well-directed intentions, whose rationalities will never bear a rigid examination.Sir T. Browne. 1913 Webster]
Ra`tion*al*i*za"tion(r, n.The act or process of rationalizing. 1913 Webster]
Ra"tion*al*ize(r, v. t.1.To make rational; also, to convert to rationalism. 1913 Webster]
2.To interpret in the manner of a rationalist. 1913 Webster]
3.To form a rational conception of. 1913 Webster]
4.(Alg.)To render rational; to free from radical signs or quantities. 1913 Webster]
Ra"tion*al*ize, v. i.To use, and rely on, reason in forming a theory, belief, etc., especially in matters of religion: to accord with the principles of rationalism. 1913 Webster]
Theodore . . . is justly considered the chief rationalizing doctor of antiquity.J. H. Newman. 1913 Webster]
Ra"tion*al*ly, adv.In a rational manner. 1913 Webster]
Ra"tion*al*ness, n.The quality or state of being rational; rationality. 1913 Webster]
\'d8Ra*ti"t\'91(r, n. pl.[NL., fr. L. ratis a raft; cf. L. ratitus marked with the figure of a raft.](Zo\'94l.)An order of birds in which the wings are small, rudimentary, or absent, and the breastbone is destitute of a keel. The ostrich, emu, moa, and apteryx are examples. 1913 Webster]
Rat"i*tate(r, a.(Zo\'94l.)Of or pertaining to the Ratit\'91. 1913 Webster]
Rat"ite(r, a.(Zo\'94l.)Of or pertaining to the Ratit\'91. -- n.One of the Ratit\'91. 1913 Webster]
{ Rat"lines, Rat"lins }(r, n. pl.[Of uncertain origin.](Naut.)The small transverse ropes attached to the shrouds and forming the steps of a rope ladder.[Written also ratlings, and rattlings.]Totten. 1913 Webster]
Rat"on(r, n.[Cf. Raccoon.]A small rat. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. 1913 Webster]
Ra*toon"(r, n.1.Same as Rattoon, n. 1913 Webster]
2.A rattan cane. [Obs.] Pepys. 1913 Webster]
Ra*toon", v. i.Same as Rattoon, v. i. 1913 Webster]
Rats"bane`(r, n.[Rat + bane.]Rat poison; white arsenic. 1913 Webster]
Rats"baned`(r, a.Poisoned by ratsbane. 1913 Webster]
Rat"-tail`(r, a.Like a rat's tail in form; as, a rat-tail file, which is round, slender, and tapering. See Illust. of File. 1913 Webster]
Rat"-tail`, n.1.(Far.)pl.An excrescence growing from the pastern to the middle of the shank of a horse. 1913 Webster]
2.(Zo\'94l.)(a)The California chim\'91ra. See Chim\'91ra.(b)Any fish of the genus Macrurus. See Grenadier, 2. 1913 Webster]
Rat"-tailed`(r, a.(Zo\'94l.)Having a long, tapering tail like that of a rat. 1913 Webster]
Rat-tailed larva(Zo\'94l.), the larva of a fly of the genus Eristalis. See Eristalis. --
Rat-tailed serpent(Zo\'94l.), the fer-de-lance. --
Rat-tailed shrew(Zo\'94l.), the musk shrew. 1913 Webster]
Rat*tan"(r, n.[Malay r.][Written also ratan.](Bot.)One of the long slender flexible stems of several species of palms of the genus Calamus, mostly East Indian, though some are African and Australian. They are exceedingly tough, and are used for walking sticks, wickerwork, chairs and seats of chairs, cords and cordage, and many other purposes. 1913 Webster]
Rat"ten(r, v. t.[Prov. E. ratten a rat, hence the verb literally means, to do mischief like a rat.]To deprive feloniously of the tools used in one's employment (as by breaking or stealing them), for the purpose of annoying; as, to ratten a mechanic who works during a strike. [Trades-union Cant] J. McCarthy. 1913 Webster]
Rat"ter(r, n.1.One who, or that which, rats, as one who deserts his party. 1913 Webster]
2.Anything which catches rats; esp., a dog trained to catch rats; a rat terrier. See Terrier. 1913 Webster]
Rat`ti*net"(-t, n.A woolen stuff thinner than ratteen. 1913 Webster]
Rat"ting(r, n.1.The conduct or practices of one who rats. See Rat, v. i., 1.Sydney Smith. 1913 Webster]
2.The low sport of setting a dog upon rats confined in a pit to see how many he will kill in a given time. 1913 Webster]
Rat"tle(r, v. i.[imp. & p. p.Rattled(-t'ld); p. pr. & vb. n.Rattling(-tl.][Akin to D. ratelen, G. rasseln, AS. hr\'91tele a rattle, in hr\'91telwyrt rattlewort; cf. Gr. kradai`nein to swing, wave. Cf. Rail a bird.]1.To make a quick succession of sharp, inharmonious noises, as by the collision of hard and not very sonorous bodies shaken together; to clatter. 1913 Webster]
And the rude hail in rattling tempest forms.Addison. 1913 Webster]
'T was but the wind, rattling o'er the stony street.Byron. 1913 Webster]
<-- p. 1192 pr=vmg -->
2.To drive or ride briskly, so as to make a clattering; as, we rattled along for a couple of miles. [Colloq.] 1913 Webster]
3.To make a clatter with the voice; to talk rapidly and idly; to clatter; -- with on or away; as, she rattled on for an hour. [Colloq.] 1913 Webster]
Rat"tle(r, v. t.1.To cause to make a rattling or clattering sound; as, to rattle a chain. 1913 Webster]
2.To assail, annoy, or stun with a rattling noise. 1913 Webster]
Sound but another [drum], and another shall rattle the welkin's ear.Shak. 1913 Webster]
3.Hence, to disconcert; to confuse; as, to rattle one's judgment; to rattle a player in a game. [Colloq.] 1913 Webster]
4.To scold; to rail at.L'Estrange. 1913 Webster]
To rattle off. (a)To tell glibly or noisily; as, to rattle off a story.(b)To rail at; to scold. \'bdShe would sometimes rattle off her servants sharply.\'b8 Arbuthnot. 1913 Webster]
Rat"tle, n.1.A rapid succession of sharp, clattering sounds; as, the rattle of a drum.Prior. 1913 Webster]
2.Noisy, rapid talk. 1913 Webster]
All this ado about the golden age is but an empty rattle and frivolous conceit.Hakewill. 1913 Webster]
3.An instrument with which a rattling sound is made; especially, a child's toy that rattles when shaken. 1913 Webster]
The rattles of Isis and the cymbals of Brasilea nearly enough resemble each other.Sir W. Raleigh. 1913 Webster]
Pleased with a rattle, tickled with a straw.Pope. 1913 Webster]
4.A noisy, senseless talker; a jabberer. 1913 Webster]
It may seem strange that a man who wrote with so much perspicuity, vivacity, and grace, should have been, whenever he took a part in conversation, an empty, noisy, blundering rattle.Macaulay. 1913 Webster]
5.A scolding; a sharp rebuke. [Obs.] Heylin. 1913 Webster]
6.(Zo\'94l.)Any organ of an animal having a structure adapted to produce a rattling sound. 1913 Webster]
rattle of a rattlesnake is composed of the hardened terminal scales, loosened in succession, but not cast off, and so modified in form as to make a series of loose, hollow joints. 1913 Webster]
7.The noise in the throat produced by the air in passing through mucus which the lungs are unable to expel; -- chiefly observable at the approach of death, when it is called the death rattle. See R. 1913 Webster]
To spring a rattle, to cause it to sound. --
Yellow rattle(Bot.), a yellow-flowered herb (Rhinanthus Crista-galli), the ripe seeds of which rattle in the inflated calyx. 1913 Webster]
Rat"tle*box`(r, n.1.A toy that makes a rattling sound; a rattle. 1913 Webster]
2.(Bot.)(a)An American herb (Crotalaria sagittalis), the seeds of which, when ripe, rattle in the inflated pod.(b)Any species of Crotalaria, a genus of yellow-flowered herbs, with inflated, many-seeded pods. 1913 Webster]
Rat"tle-pat`ed, a.Rattle-headed. \'bdA noisy, rattle-pated fellow.\'b8 W. Irving. 1913 Webster]
Rat"tler(r, n.One who, or that which, rattles. 1913 Webster]
Rat"tle*snake`(r, n.(Zo\'94l.)Any one of several species of venomous American snakes belonging to the genera Crotalus and Caudisona, or Sistrurus; sometimes also called rattler. They have a series of horny interlocking joints at the end of the tail which make a sharp rattling sound when shaken. The common rattlesnake of the Northern United States (Crotalus horridus), and the diamondback rattlesnake (also called diamondback rattler, and diamondback) of the South and East (Crotalus adamanteus) and West (Crotalus atrox), are the best known. See Illust. of Fang. 1913 Webster +PJC]
Ground rattlesnake(Zo\'94l.), a small rattlesnake (Caudisona miliaria or Sistrurus miliaria) of the Southern United States, having a small rattle. It has nine large scales on its head. --
Rattlesnake fern(Bot.), a common American fern (Botrychium Virginianum) having a triangular decompound frond and a long-stalked panicle of spore cases rising from the middle of the frond. --
Rattlesnake grass(Bot.), a handsome American grass (Glyceria Canadensis) with an ample panicle of rather large ovate spikelets, each one composed of imbricated parts and slightly resembling the rattle of the rattlesnake. Sometimes called quaking grass. --
Rattlesnake plantain(Bot.), See under Plantain. --
Rattlesnake root(Bot.), a name given to certain American species of the composite genus Prenanthes (Prenanthes alba and Prenanthes serpentaria), formerly asserted to cure the bite of the rattlesnake. Called also lion's foot, gall of the earth, and white lettuce. --
Rattlesnake's master(Bot.)(a)A species of Agave (Agave Virginica) growing in the Southern United States. (b)An umbelliferous plant (Eryngium yucc\'91folium) with large bristly-fringed linear leaves. (c)A composite plant, the blazing star (Liatris squarrosa). --
Rattlesnake weed(Bot.), a plant of the composite genus Hieracium (Hieracium venosum); -- probably so named from its spotted leaves. See also Snakeroot. 1913 Webster]
Rat"tle*trap`(-tr, n.Any machine or vehicle that does not run smoothly. [Colloq.] A. Trollope. 1913 Webster]
Rat"tle*weed`(-w, n.(Bot.)Any plant of the genus Astragalus. See Milk vetch. 1913 Webster]
Rat"tle*wort`(-w, n.[AS. hr\'91telwyrt.](Bot.)Same as Rattlebox. 1913 Webster]
Rat"tlings(r, n. pl.(Naut.)Ratlines. 1913 Webster]
Rat*toon"(r, n.[Sp. reto\'a4o.]One of the stems or shoots of sugar cane of the second year's growth from the root, or later. See Plant-cane. 1913 Webster]
Rat*toon", v. i.[imp. & p. p.Rattooned(-t; p. pr. & vb. n.Rattooning.][Cf. Sp. reto\'a4ar.]To sprout or spring up from the root, as sugar cane from the root of the previous year's planting. 1913 Webster]
Rau"ci*ty(r, n.[L. raucitas, from raucus hoarse: cf. F. raucit\'82.]Harshness of sound; rough utterance; hoarseness; as, the raucity of a trumpet, or of the human voice. 1913 Webster]
Rav"age(r, n.[F., fr. (assumed) L. rapagium, rapaticum, fr. rapere to carry off by force, to ravish. See Rapacious, Ravish.]Desolation by violence; violent ruin or destruction; devastation; havoc; waste; as, the ravage of a lion; the ravages of fire or tempest; the ravages of an army, or of time. 1913 Webster]
Would one think 't were possible for love ravage in a noble soul?Addison. 1913 Webster]
Rav"age, v. t.[imp. & p. p.Ravaged(r; p. pr. & vb. n.Ravaging(r.][F. ravager. See Ravage, n.]To lay waste by force; to desolate by violence; to commit havoc or devastation upon; to spoil; to plunder; to consume. 1913 Webster]
Already C\'91sar ravaged more than half the globe.Addison. 1913 Webster]
His lands were daily ravaged, his cattle driven away.Macaulay. 1913 Webster]
Rav"a*ger(-, n.One who, or that which, ravages or lays waste; spoiler. 1913 Webster]
Rave(r, obs. imp. of Rive. 1913 Webster]
Rave, n.[Prov. E. raves, or rathes, a frame laid on a wagon, for carrying hay, etc.]One of the upper side pieces of the frame of a wagon body or a sleigh. 1913 Webster]
Rave(r, v. i.[imp. & p. p.Raved(r; p. pr. & vb. n.Raving.][F. r\'88ver to rave, to be delirious, to dream; perhaps fr. L. rabere to rave, rage, be mad or furious. Cf. Rage, Reverie.]1.To wander in mind or intellect; to be delirious; to talk or act irrationally; to be wild, furious, or raging, as a madman. 1913 Webster]
In our madness evermore we rave.Chaucer. 1913 Webster]
Have I not cause to rave and beat my breast?Addison. 1913 Webster]
The mingled torrent of redcoats and tartans went raving down the valley to the gorge of Killiecrankie.Macaulay. 1913 Webster]
2.To rush wildly or furiously.Spenser. 1913 Webster]
3.To talk with unreasonable enthusiasm or excessive passion or excitement; -- followed by about, of, or on; as, he raved about her beauty. 1913 Webster]
The hallowed scene rave of, though they know it not.Byron. 1913 Webster]
Rave, v. t.To utter in madness or frenzy; to say wildly; as, to rave nonsense.Young. 1913 Webster]
Rave, n.1.An instance of raving. PJC]
2.A highly flattering or enthusiastic review of a play, book, etc. PJC]
3.A clamorous dance party, especially one featuring a band or disc jockey playing loud modern rock music oriented toward young people, held in a large room such as a warehouse, often organized by an informal or ad hoc sponsor. [originally British slang] PJC]
Rave"hook(r, n.(Shipbuilding)A tool, hooked at the end, for enlarging or clearing seams for the reception of oakum. 1913 Webster]
Rav"el(r, v. t.[imp. & p. p.Raveled(-'ld) or Ravelled; p. pr. & vb. n.Raveling or Ravelling.][OD. ravelen, D. rafelen, akin to LG. rebeln, rebbeln, reffeln.]1.To separate or undo the texture of; to unravel; to take apart; to untwist; to unweave or unknit; -- often followed by out; as, to ravel a twist; to ravel out a stocking. 1913 Webster]
Sleep, that knits up the raveled sleave of care.Shak. 1913 Webster]
2.To undo the intricacies of; to disentangle. 1913 Webster]
3.To pull apart, as the threads of a texture, and let them fall into a tangled mass; hence, to entangle; to make intricate; to involve. 1913 Webster]
What glory's due to him that could divide raveled interests? has the knot untied?Waller. 1913 Webster]
The faith of very many men seems a duty so weak and indifferent, is so often untwisted by violence, or raveled and entangled in weak discourses!Jer. Taylor. 1913 Webster]
Rav"el, v. i.1.To become untwisted or unwoven; to be disentangled; to be relieved of intricacy. 1913 Webster]
2.To fall into perplexity and confusion. [Obs.] 1913 Webster]
Till, by their own perplexities involved, ravel more, still less resolved.Milton. 1913 Webster]
3.To make investigation or search, as by picking out the threads of a woven pattern. [Obs.] 1913 Webster]
The humor of raveling into all these mystical or entangled matters.Sir W. Temple. 1913 Webster]
Rav"el*er(-, n.[Also raveller.]One who ravels. 1913 Webster]
Rave"lin(r, n.[F.; cf. Sp. rebellin, It. revellino, rivellino; perhaps fr. L. re- again + vallum wall.](Fort.)A detached work with two embankments which make a salient angle. It is raised before the curtain on the counterscarp of the place. Formerly called demilune and half-moon. 1913 Webster]
Rav"el*ing(r, n.[Also ravelling.]1.The act of untwisting or of disentangling. 1913 Webster]
2.That which is raveled out; esp., a thread detached from a texture. 1913 Webster]
Ra"ven(r, n.[AS. hr\'91fn; akin to D. raaf, G. rabe, OHG. hraban, Icel. hrafn, Dan. ravn, and perhaps to L. corvus, Gr. ko`rax. (Zo\'94l.)A large black passerine bird (Corvus corax), similar to the crow, but larger, and has a harsh, loud call. It is native of the northern parts of Europe, Asia and America, and is noted for its sagacity. 1913 Webster]
Sea raven(Zo\'94l.), the cormorant. 1913 Webster]
Ra"ven, a.Of the color of the raven; jet black; as, raven curls; raven darkness. 1913 Webster]
<-- raven-haired --> 1913 Webster]
Rav"en(r, n.[OF. ravine impetuosity, violence, F. ravine ravine. See Ravine, Rapine.][Written also ravin, and ravine.]1.Rapine; rapacity.Ray. 1913 Webster]
2.Prey; plunder; food obtained by violence. 1913 Webster]
Rav"en, v. t.[imp. & p. p.Ravened(r; p. pr. & vb. n.Ravening.][Written also ravin, and ravine.] 1913 Webster]
1.To obtain or seize by violence.Hakewill. 1913 Webster]
2.To devour with great eagerness. 1913 Webster]
Like rats that ravin down their proper bane.Shak. 1913 Webster]
Rav"en, v. i.To prey with rapacity; to be greedy; to show rapacity.[Written also ravin, and ravine.] 1913 Webster]
Benjamin shall raven as a wolf.Gen. xlix. 27. 1913 Webster]
\'d8Rav`e*na"la(r, n.[Malagasy.](Bot.)A genus of plants related to the banana. 1913 Webster]
Ravenala Madagascariensis, the principal species, is an unbranched tree with immense oarlike leaves growing alternately from two sides of the stem. The sheathing bases of the leafstalks collect and retain rain water, which flows freely when they are pierced with a knife, whence the plant is called traveler's tree. 1913 Webster]
Rav"en*er(r, n.1.One who, or that which, ravens or plunders.Gower. 1913 Webster]
2.A bird of prey, as the owl or vulture. [Obs.] Holland. 1913 Webster]
Rav"en*ing, n.Eagerness for plunder; rapacity; extortion.Luke xi. 39. 1913 Webster]
Rav"en*ous(r, a.[From 2d Raven.]1.Devouring with rapacious eagerness; furiously voracious; hungry even to rage; as, a ravenous wolf or vulture. 1913 Webster]
2.Eager for prey or gratification; as, a ravenous appetite or desire. 1913 Webster]
-- Rav"en*ous*ly, adv. -- Rav"en*ous*ness, n. 1913 Webster]
Ra"ven's-duck`(r, n.[Cf. G. ravenstuch.]A fine quality of sailcloth.Ham. Nav. Encyc. 1913 Webster]
Rav"er(r, n.One who raves. 1913 Webster]
Rav"in(r, a.Ravenous. [Obs.] Shak. 1913 Webster]
{ Rav"in, Rav"ine }(r, n.[See 2d Raven.]Food obtained by violence; plunder; prey; raven. \'bdFowls of ravyne.\'b8 Chaucer. 1913 Webster]
Though Nature, red in tooth and claw ravine, shrieked against his creed.Tennyson.
<-- famous quote from In memoriam, 56, st. 4 --> 1913 Webster]
{ Rav"in, Rav"ine, }v. t. & i.See Raven, v. t. & i. 1913 Webster]
Ra*vine"(r, n.[F., a place excavated by a torrent, a ravine, fr. ravir to snatch or tear away, L. rapere; cf. L. rapina rapine. See Ravish, and cf. Rapine, Raven prey.]1.A torrent of water. [Obs.] Cotgrave. 1913 Webster]
2.A deep and narrow hollow, usually worn by a stream or torrent of water; a gorge; a mountain cleft. 1913 Webster]
Rav"ing(r, a.Talking irrationally and wildly; as, a raving lunatic. -- Rav"ing*ly, adv. 1913 Webster]
Rav"ish(r, v. t.[imp. & p. p.Ravished(-; p. pr. & vb. n.Ravishing.][OE. ravissen, F. ravir, fr. L. rapere to snatch or tear away, to ravish. See Rapacious, Rapid, and -ish.]1.To seize and carry away by violence; to snatch by force. 1913 Webster]
These hairs which thou dost ravish from my chin Shak. 1913 Webster]
This hand shall ravish thy pretended right.Dryden. 1913 Webster]
2.To transport with joy or delight; to delight to ecstasy. \'bdRavished . . . for the joy.\'b8 Chaucer. 1913 Webster]
Thou hast ravished my heart.Cant. iv. 9. 1913 Webster]
3.To have carnal knowledge of (a woman) by force, and against her consent; to rape.Shak. 1913 Webster]
Rav"ish*ing*ly, adv.In a ravishing manner. 1913 Webster]
Rav"ish*ment(-m, n.[F. ravissement. See Ravish.] 1913 Webster]
1.The act of carrying away by force or against consent; abduction; as, the ravishment of children from their parents, of a ward from his guardian, or of a wife from her husband.Blackstone. 1913 Webster]
2.The state of being ravished; rapture; transport of delight; ecstasy.Spenser. 1913 Webster]
In whose sight all things joy, with ravishment Milton. 1913 Webster]
3.The act of ravishing a woman; rape. 1913 Webster]
Rav"is*sant(r, a.[F.](Her.)In a half-raised position, as if about to spring on prey. 1913 Webster]
<-- p. 1193 pr=vmg -->
Raw(r, a.[Compar.Rawer(r; superl.Rawest.][AS. hre\'a0w; akin to D. raauw, LG. rau, G. roh, OHG. r, Icel. hr\'ber, Dan. raa, Sw. r\'86, L. crudus, Gr. kre`as flesh, Skr. kravis raw flesh. Crude, Cruel.]1.Not altered from its natural state; not prepared by the action of heat; as, raw sienna;specifically,not cooked; not changed by heat to a state suitable for eating; not done; as, raw meat. 1913 Webster]
2.Hence: Unprepared for use or enjoyment; immature; unripe; unseasoned; inexperienced; unpracticed; untried; as, raw soldiers; a raw recruit. 1913 Webster]
Approved himself to the raw judgment of the multitude.De Quincey. 1913 Webster]
3.Not worked in due form; in the natural state; untouched by art; unwrought. Specifically: (a)Not distilled; as, raw water. [Obs.] Bacon.(b)Not spun or twisted; as, raw silk or cotton.(c)Not mixed or diluted; as, raw spirits.(d)Not tried; not melted and strained; as, raw tallow.(e)Not tanned; as, raw hides.(f)Not trimmed, covered, or folded under; as, the raw edge of a piece of metal or of cloth. 1913 Webster]
4.Not covered; bare. Specifically: (a)Bald. [Obs.] \'bdWith skull all raw.\'b8 Spenser(b)Deprived of skin; galled; as, a raw sore.(c)Sore, as if by being galled. 1913 Webster]
And all his sinews waxen weak and raw Spenser. 1913 Webster]
5.Disagreeably damp or cold; chilly; bleak; as, a raw wind. \'bdA raw and gusty day.\'b8 Shak. 1913 Webster]
Raw material, material that has not been subjected to a (specified) process of manufacture; as, ore is the raw material used in smelting; leather is the raw material of the shoe industry. --
Raw pig, cast iron as it comes from the smelting furnace. 1913 Webster]
Raw, n.A raw, sore, or galled place; a sensitive spot; as, to touch one on the raw. 1913 Webster]
Like savage hackney coachmen, they know where there is a raw.De Quincey. 1913 Webster]
And spoiling all her gears and goodly ray.Spenser. 1913 Webster]
Ray, n.[OF. rai, F. rais, fr. L. radius a beam or ray, staff, rod, spoke of a wheel. Cf. Radius.]1.One of a number of lines or parts diverging from a common point or center, like the radii of a circle; as, a star of six rays. 1913 Webster]
2.(Bot.)A radiating part of a flower or plant; the marginal florets of a compound flower, as an aster or a sunflower; one of the pedicels of an umbel or other circular flower cluster; radius. See Radius. 1913 Webster]
3.(Zo\'94l.)(a)One of the radiating spines, or cartilages, supporting the fins of fishes.(b)One of the spheromeres of a radiate, especially one of the arms of a starfish or an ophiuran. 1913 Webster]
4.(Physics)(a)A line of light or heat proceeding from a radiant or reflecting point; a single element of light or heat propagated continuously; as, a solar ray; a polarized ray.(b)One of the component elements of the total radiation from a body; any definite or limited portion of the spectrum; as, the red ray; the violet ray. See Illust. under Light. 1913 Webster]
5.Sight; perception; vision; -- from an old theory of vision, that sight was something which proceeded from the eye to the object seen. 1913 Webster]
All eyes direct their rays Pope. 1913 Webster]
6.(Geom.)One of a system of diverging lines passing through a point, and regarded as extending indefinitely in both directions. See Half-ray. 1913 Webster]
Bundle of rays. (Geom.)See Pencil of rays, below. --
Extraordinary ray(Opt.), that one of two parts of a ray divided by double refraction which does not follow the ordinary law of refraction. --
Ordinary ray(Opt.)that one of the two parts of a ray divided by double refraction which follows the usual or ordinary law of refraction. --
Pencil of rays(Geom.), a definite system of rays. --
Ray flower, or
Ray floret(Bot.), one of the marginal flowers of the capitulum in such composite plants as the aster, goldenrod, daisy, and sunflower. They have an elongated, strap-shaped corolla, while the corollas of the disk flowers are tubular and five-lobed. --
Ray point(Geom.), the common point of a pencil of rays. --
R\'94ntgen ray(r(Phys.), a kind of ray generated in a very highly exhausted vacuum tube by the electrical discharge; now more commonly called X-ray. It is composed of electromagnetic radiation of wavelength shorter than that of ultraviolet light, and is capable of passing through many bodies opaque to light, and producing photographic and fluorescent effects by which means pictures showing the internal structure of opaque objects are made, called radiographs, sciagraphs, X-ray photographs, radiograms, or X-rays. So called from the discoverer, W. C. R\'94ntgen. --
X ray, the R\'94ntgen ray; -- so called by its discoverer because of its enigmatical character, x being an algebraic symbol for an unknown quantity. 1913 Webster +PJC]
Ray, v. t.[imp. & p. p.Rayed(r; p. pr. & vb. n.Raying.][Cf. OF. raier, raiier, rayer, L. radiare to irradiate. See Ray, n., and cf. Radiate.]1.To mark with long lines; to streak. [Obs.] Chaucer. 1913 Webster]
2.[From Ray, n.]To send forth or shoot out; to cause to shine out; as, to ray smiles. [R.] Thomson. 1913 Webster]
Ray, v. i.To shine, as with rays.Mrs. Browning. 1913 Webster]
Ray, n.[F. raie, L. raia. Cf. Roach.](Zo\'94l.)(a)Any one of numerous elasmobranch fishes of the order Rai\'91, including the skates, torpedoes, sawfishes, etc.(b)In a restricted sense, any of the broad, flat, narrow-tailed species, as the skates and sting rays. See Skate. 1913 Webster]
Bishop ray, a yellow-spotted, long-tailed eagle ray (Stoasodon n\'85rinari) of the Southern United States and the West Indies. --
Butterfly ray, a short-tailed American sting ray (Pteroplatea Maclura), having very broad pectoral fins. --
Devil ray. See Sea Devil. --
Eagle ray, any large ray of the family Myliobatid\'91, or \'92tobatid\'91. The common European species (Myliobatis aquila) is called also whip ray, and miller. --
Electric ray, or
Cramp ray, a torpedo. --
Starry ray, a common European skate (Raia radiata). --
Sting ray, any one of numerous species of rays of the family Trygonid\'91 having one or more large, sharp, barbed dorsal spines on the whiplike tail. Called also stingaree. 1913 Webster]
\'d8Ra"yah(r, n.[Ar. ra'iyah a herd, a subject, fr. ra'a to pasture, guard.]A person not a Mohammedan, who pays the capitation tax. [Turkey.] 1913 Webster]
Ray" grass`(r. [Etymol. of ray is uncertain.](Bot.)A perennial European grass (Lolium perenne); -- called also rye grass, and red darnel. See Darnel, and Grass. 1913 Webster]
Italian ray grass or
Italian rye grass. See Darnel, and Grass. 1913 Webster]
Ray"less(r, a.Destitute of rays; hence, dark; not illuminated; blind; as, a rayless sky; rayless eyes. 1913 Webster]
Ray"on(r, n.1.A synthetic fiber, made of thin filaments of regenerated cellulose, extruded from a solution of viscose. Called also viscose fiber and viscose rayon fiber. PJC]
2.a textile fabric made from rayon{1}. PJC]
Ray"on*nant(r, a.[F.](Her.)Darting forth rays, as the sun when it shines out. 1913 Webster]
Raze(r, n.[See Race.]A Shakespearean word (used once) supposed to mean the same as race, a root. [Obs.] 1913 Webster]
Raze, v. t.[imp. & p. p.Razed(r; p. pr. & vb. n.Razing.][F. raser. See Rase, v. t.][Written also rase.]1.To erase; to efface; to obliterate. 1913 Webster]
Razing the characters of your renown.Shak. 1913 Webster]
2.To subvert from the foundation; to lay level with the ground; to overthrow; to destroy; to demolish. 1913 Webster]
The royal hand that razed unhappy Troy.Dryden. 1913 Webster]
Syn. -- To demolish; level; prostrate; overthrow; subvert; destroy; ruin. See Demolish. 1913 Webster]
Razed(r, a.Slashed or striped in patterns. [Obs.] \'bdTwo Provincial roses on my razed shoes.\'b8 Shak. 1913 Webster]
Ra*zee"(r, n.[F. vaisseau ras\'82, fr. raser to raze, to cut down ships. See Raze, v. t., Rase, v. t.](Naut.)An armed ship having her upper deck cut away, and thus reduced to the next inferior rate, as a seventy-four cut down to a frigate.Totten. 1913 Webster]
Ra*zee", v. t.[imp. & p. p.Razeed(r; p. pr. & vb. n.Razeeing.]To cut down to a less number of decks, and thus to an inferior rate or class, as a ship; hence, to prune or abridge by cutting off or retrenching parts; as, to razee a book, or an article. 1913 Webster]
Ra"zor(r, n.[OE. rasour, OF. rasur, LL. rasor: cf. F. rasoir, LL. rasorium. See Raze, v. t., Rase, v. t.]1.A keen-edged knife of peculiar shape, used in shaving the hair from the face or the head; also called a straight razor. \'bdTake thee a barber's razor.\'b8 Ezek. v. 1. 1913 Webster]
2.a device used for shaving, having a replaceable blade with a very sharp edge; also called safety razor. Also a similar device, made of plastic, in which the blade is neither replaceable nor can be sharpened, intended to be discarded after the blade dulls -- called a disposable razor. PJC]
3.(Zo\'94l.)A tusk of a wild boar. 1913 Webster]
Razor fish. (Zo\'94l.)(a)A small Mediterranean fish (Coryph\'91na novacula), prized for the table. (b)The razor shell. --
Razor grass(Bot.), a West Indian plant (Scleria scindens), the triangular stem and the leaves of which are edged with minute sharp teeth. --
Razor grinder(Zo\'94l.), the European goat-sucker. --
Razor shell(Zo\'94l.), any marine bivalve shell belonging to Solen and allied genera, especially Solen ensis (or Ensatella ensis), and Solen Americana, which have a long, narrow, somewhat curved shell, resembling a razor handle in shape. Called also razor clam, razor fish, knife handle. --
Razor stone. Same as Novaculite. --
Razor strap, or
razor strop, a strap or strop used in sharpening razors.<-- ##?? safety razor; disposable razor; electric razor --> 1913 Webster]
Ra"zor*a*ble(r, a.Ready for the razor; fit to be shaved. [R.] Shak. 1913 Webster]
Ra"zor-backed"(-b, a.(Zo\'94l.)Having a sharp, lean, or thin back; as, a razor-backed hog, perch, etc. 1913 Webster]
Ra"zor*bill`(-b, n.(Zo\'94l.)(a)A species of auk (Alca torda) common in the Arctic seas. See Auk, and Illust. in Appendix.(b)See Cutwater, 3. 1913 Webster]
ra"zor-edgeda.having an edge as sharp as that of a razor; very sharp. PJC]
ra"zor-thina.as thin as a razor blade; very thin. PJC]
Ra"zure(r, n.[See Rasure.]1.The act of erasing or effacing, or the state of being effaced; obliteration. See Rasure. 1913 Webster]
2.An erasure; a change made by erasing. 1913 Webster]
\'d8Raz"zi*a(r, n.[F., fr. Ar. gh\'bez\'c6a (pron. razia in Algeria).]A plundering and destructive incursion; a foray; a raid. 1913 Webster]
Re-(r. [L. re-, older form (retained before vowels) red-: cf. F. re-, r\'82-.]A prefix signifying back, against, again, anew; as, recline, to lean back; recall, to call back; recede; remove; reclaim, to call out against; repugn, to fight against; recognition, a knowing again; rejoin, to join again; reiterate; reassure. Combinations containing the prefix re- are readily formed, and are for the most part of obvious signification. 1913 Webster]
Re(r. [It.](Mus.)A syllable applied in solmization to the second tone of the diatonic scale of C; in the American system, to the second tone of any diatonic scale. 1913 Webster]
Re`ab*sorb"(r, v. t.To absorb again; to draw in, or imbibe, again what has been effused, extravasated, or thrown off; to swallow up again; as, to reabsorb chyle, lymph, etc.; -- used esp. of fluids. 1913 Webster]
Re`ab*sorp"tion(r, n.The act or process of reabsorbing. 1913 Webster]
Re`ac*cess"(r, n.A second access or approach; a return.Hakewill. 1913 Webster]
Re`ac*cuse"(r, v. t.To accuse again.Cheyne. 1913 Webster]
Reach(r, v. i.To retch.Cheyne. 1913 Webster]
Reach, n.An effort to vomit. [R.] 1913 Webster]
Reach, v. t.[imp. & p. p.Reached(r (Raught, the old preterit, is obsolete); p. pr. & vb. n.Reaching.][OE. rechen, AS. r, r, to extend, stretch out; akin to D. reiken, G. reichen, and possibly to AS. r\'c6ce powerful, rich, E. rich. 1.To extend; to stretch; to thrust out; to put forth, as a limb, a member, something held, or the like. 1913 Webster]
Her tresses yellow, and long straughten, raughten.Rom. of R. 1913 Webster]
Reach hither thy hand and thrust it into my side.John xx. 27. 1913 Webster]
Fruit trees, over woody, reached too far Milton. 1913 Webster]
2.Hence, to deliver by stretching out a member, especially the hand; to give with the hand; to pass to another; to hand over; as, to reach one a book. 1913 Webster]
He reached me a full cup.2 Esd. xiv. 39. 1913 Webster]
3.To attain or obtain by stretching forth the hand; to extend some part of the body, or something held by one, so as to touch, strike, grasp, or the like; as, to reach an object with the hand, or with a spear. 1913 Webster]
O patron power, . . . thy present aid afford, reach the beast.Dryden. 1913 Webster]
4.To strike, hit, or touch with a missile; as, to reach an object with an arrow, a bullet, or a shell. 1913 Webster]
5.Hence, to extend an action, effort, or influence to; to penetrate to; to pierce, or cut, as far as. 1913 Webster]
If these examples of grown men reach not the case of children, let them examine.Locke. 1913 Webster]
6.To extend to; to stretch out as far as; to touch by virtue of extent; as, his land reaches the river. 1913 Webster]
Thy desire . . . leads to no excess reaches blame.Milton. 1913 Webster]
7.To arrive at; to come to; to get as far as. 1913 Webster]
Before this letter reaches your hands.Pope. 1913 Webster]
8.To arrive at by effort of any kind; to attain to; to gain; to be advanced to. 1913 Webster]
The best account of the appearances of nature which human penetration can reach, comes short of its reality.Cheyne. 1913 Webster]
9.To understand; to comprehend. [Obs.] 1913 Webster]
Do what, sir? I reach you not.Beau. & Fl. 1913 Webster]
10.To overreach; to deceive. [Obs.] South. 1913 Webster]
Reach, v. i.1.To stretch out the hand. 1913 Webster]
Goddess humane, reach, then, and freely taste!Milton. 1913 Webster]
2.To strain after something; to make efforts. 1913 Webster]
Reaching above our nature does no good.Dryden. 1913 Webster]
3.To extend in dimension, time, amount, action, influence, etc., so as to touch, attain to, or be equal to, something. 1913 Webster]
And behold, a ladder set upon the earth, and the top of it reached to heaven.Gen. xxviii. 12. 1913 Webster]
The new world reaches quite across the torrid zone.Boyle. 1913 Webster]
4.(Naut.)To sail on the wind, as from one point of tacking to another, or with the wind nearly abeam. 1913 Webster]
To reach afteror
To reach foror
To reach at, to make efforts to attain to or obtain. 1913 Webster]
He would be in the posture of the mind reaching after a positive idea of infinity.Locke. 1913 Webster]
Reach, n.1.The act of stretching or extending; extension; power of reaching or touching with the person, or a limb, or something held or thrown; as, the fruit is beyond my reach; to be within reach of cannon shot. 1913 Webster]
2.The power of stretching out or extending action, influence, or the like; power of attainment or management; extent of force or capacity. 1913 Webster]
Drawn by others who had deeper reaches than themselves to matters which they least intended.Hayward. 1913 Webster]
Be sure yourself and your own reach to know.Pope. 1913 Webster]
And on the left hand, hell, reach, interposed.Milton. 1913 Webster]
I am to pray you not to strain my speech reach Shak. 1913 Webster]
4.An extended portion of land or water; a stretch; a straight portion of a stream or river, as from one turn to another; a level stretch, as between locks in a canal; an arm of the sea extending up into the land. \'bdThe river's wooded reach.\'b8 Tennyson. 1913 Webster]
The coast . . . is very full of creeks and reaches.Holland. 1913 Webster]
5.An artifice to obtain an advantage. 1913 Webster]
The Duke of Parma had particular reaches and ends of his own underhand to cross the design.Bacon. 1913 Webster]
6.The pole or rod which connects the hind axle with the forward bolster of a wagon. 1913 Webster]
Reach"a*ble(-, a.Being within reach. 1913 Webster]
Unto a reachless pitch of praises hight.Bp. Hall. 1913 Webster]
Re*act"(r, v. t.To act or perform a second time; to do over again; to reenact; as, to react a play; the same scenes were reacted at Rome. 1913 Webster]
Re*act"(r, v. i.1.To return an impulse or impression; to resist the action of another body by an opposite force; as, every body reacts on the body that impels it from its natural state. 1913 Webster]
<-- p. 1194 pr=vmg -->
2.To act upon each other; to exercise a reciprocal or a reverse effect, as two or more chemical agents; to act in opposition. 1913 Webster]
Re*act"ance(r, n.[React + -ance.](Elec.)The influence of a coil of wire upon an alternating current passing through it, tending to choke or diminish the current, or the similar influence of a condenser; inductive resistance. Reactance is measured in ohms. The reactance of a circuit is equal to the component of the impressed electro-motive force at right angles to the current divided by the current, that is, the component of the impedance due to the self-inductance or capacity of the circuit. Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Re*ac"tion(r, n.[Cf. F. r\'82action.]1.Any action in resisting other action or force; counter tendency; movement in a contrary direction; reverse action. 1913 Webster]
2.(Chem.)The mutual or reciprocal action of chemical agents upon each other, or the action upon such chemical agents of some form of energy, as heat, light, or electricity, resulting in a chemical change in one or more of these agents, with the production of new compounds or the manifestation of distinctive characters. See Blowpipe reaction, Flame reaction, under Blowpipe, and Flame. 1913 Webster]
3.(Med.)An action induced by vital resistance to some other action; depression or exhaustion of vital force consequent on overexertion or overstimulation; heightened activity and overaction succeeding depression or shock. 1913 Webster]
4.(Mech.)The force which a body subjected to the action of a force from another body exerts upon the latter body in the opposite direction. 1913 Webster]
Reaction is always equal and opposite to action, that is to say, the actions of two bodies upon each other are always equal and in opposite directions.Sir I. Newton (3d Law of Motion). 1913 Webster]
5.(Politics)Backward tendency or movement after revolution, reform, or great progress in any direction. 1913 Webster]
The new king had, at the very moment at which his fame and fortune reached the highest point, predicted the coming reaction.Macaulay. 1913 Webster]
6.(Psycophysics)A regular or characteristic response to a stimulation of the nerves. Webster 1913 Suppl.]
7.An action by a person or people in response to an event. The reaction may be primarily mental (\'bd a reaction of surprise\'b8) but is usually manifested by some activity. PJC]
Reaction time(Physiol.), in nerve physiology, the interval between the application of a stimulus to an end organ of sense and the reaction or resulting movement; -- called also physiological time. --
Reaction wheel(Mech.), a water wheel driven by the reaction of water, usually one in which the water, entering it centrally, escapes at its periphery in a direction opposed to that of its motion by orifices at right angles, or inclined, to its radii. 1913 Webster]
Re*act"ive(r, a.[Cf. F. r\'82actif.]Having power to react; tending to reaction; of the nature of reaction. -- Re*act"ive*ly, adv. -- Re*act"ive*ness, n. 1913 Webster]
Read(r, n.Rennet. See 3d Reed. [Prov. Eng.] 1913 Webster]
Read(r, v. t.[imp. & p. p.Read(r; p. pr. & vb. n.Reading.][OE. reden, r\'91den, AS. r to read, advise, counsel, fr. r advice, counsel, r (imperf. reord) to advise, counsel, guess; akin to D. raden to advise, G. raten, rathen, Icel. r\'be, Goth. r (in comp.), and perh. also to Skr. r\'bedh to succeed. Riddle.]1.To advise; to counsel. [Obs.] See Rede. 1913 Webster]
Therefore, I read thee, get thee to God's word, and thereby try all doctrine.Tyndale. 1913 Webster]
2.To interpret; to explain; as, to read a riddle. 1913 Webster]
3.To tell; to declare; to recite. [Obs.] 1913 Webster]
But read how art thou named, and of what kin.Spenser. 1913 Webster]
4.To go over, as characters or words, and utter aloud, or recite to one's self inaudibly; to take in the sense of, as of language, by interpreting the characters with which it is expressed; to peruse; as, to read a discourse; to read the letters of an alphabet; to read figures; to read the notes of music, or to read music; to read a book. 1913 Webster]
Redeth [read ye] the great poet of Itaille.Chaucer. 1913 Webster]
Well could he rede a lesson or a story.Chaucer. 1913 Webster]
5.Hence, to know fully; to comprehend. 1913 Webster]
Who is't can read a woman?Shak. 1913 Webster]
6.To discover or understand by characters, marks, features, etc.; to learn by observation. 1913 Webster]
An armed corse did lie, read great magnanimity.Spenser. 1913 Webster]
Those about her read the perfect ways of honor.Shak. 1913 Webster]
7.To make a special study of, as by perusing textbooks; as, to read theology or law. 1913 Webster]
To read one's self in, to read aloud the Thirty-nine Articles and the Declaration of Assent, -- required of a clergyman of the Church of England when he first officiates in a new benefice. 1913 Webster]
Read, v. i.1.To give advice or counsel. [Obs.] 1913 Webster]
2.To tell; to declare. [Obs.] Spenser. 1913 Webster]
3.To perform the act of reading; to peruse, or to go over and utter aloud, the words of a book or other like document. 1913 Webster]
So they read in the book of the law of God distinctly, and gave the sense.Neh. viii. 8. 1913 Webster]
4.To study by reading; as, he read for the bar. 1913 Webster]
5.To learn by reading. 1913 Webster]
I have read of an Eastern king who put a judge to death for an iniquitous sentence.Swift. 1913 Webster]
6.To appear in writing or print; to be expressed by, or consist of, certain words or characters; as, the passage reads thus in the early manuscripts. 1913 Webster]
7.To produce a certain effect when read; as, that sentence reads queerly. 1913 Webster]
To read between the lines, to infer something different from what is plainly indicated; to detect the real meaning as distinguished from the apparent meaning. 1913 Webster]
Read, n.[AS. r counsel, fr. r to counsel. See Read, v. t.]1.Saying; sentence; maxim; hence, word; advice; counsel. See Rede. [Obs.] 1913 Webster]
One newswoman here lets magazines for a penny a read.Furnivall. 1913 Webster]
Read(r, imp. & p. p. of Read, v. t. & i. 1913 Webster]
Read(r, a.Instructed or knowing by reading; versed in books; learned. 1913 Webster]
A poet . . . well read in Longinus.Addison. 1913 Webster]
Read`a*bil"i*ty(r, n.The state of being readable; readableness. 1913 Webster]
Read"a*ble(r, a.Such as can be read; legible; fit or suitable to be read; worth reading; interesting. -- Read"a*ble*ness, n. -- Read"a*bly, adv. 1913 Webster]
Re`ad*dress"(r, v. t.To address a second time; -- often used reflexively. 1913 Webster]
He readdressed himself to her.Boyle. 1913 Webster]
Re`a*dept"(-, v. t.[Pref. re- + L. adeptus, p. p. of adipisci to obtain.]To regain; to recover. [Obs.] 1913 Webster]
Read"er(r, n.[AS. r.]1.One who reads.Specifically:(a)One whose distinctive office is to read prayers in a church.(b)(University of Oxford, Eng.)One who reads lectures on scientific subjects.Lyell.(c)A proof reader.(d)One who reads manuscripts offered for publication and advises regarding their merit. 1913 Webster]
2.One who reads much; one who is studious. 1913 Webster]
3.A book containing a selection of extracts for exercises in reading; an elementary book for practice in a language; a reading book. 1913 Webster]
Read"er*ship, n.The office of reader.Lyell. 1913 Webster]
Read"i*ly(r, adv.1.In a ready manner; quickly; promptly.Chaucer. 1913 Webster]
2.Without delay or objection; without reluctance; willingly; cheerfully. 1913 Webster]
How readily we wish time spent revoked!Cowper. 1913 Webster]
Read"i*ness, n.The state or quality of being ready; preparation; promptness; aptitude; willingness. 1913 Webster]
They received the word with all readiness of mind.Acts xvii. 11. 1913 Webster]
Read"ing(r, n.1.The act of one who reads; perusal; also, printed or written matter to be read. 1913 Webster]
2.Study of books; literary scholarship; as, a man of extensive reading. 1913 Webster]
3.A lecture or prelection; public recital. 1913 Webster]
The Jews had their weekly readings of the law.Hooker. 1913 Webster]
4.The way in which anything reads; force of a word or passage presented by a documentary authority; lection; version. 1913 Webster]
5.Manner of reciting, or acting a part, on the stage; way of rendering. [Cant] 1913 Webster]
6.An observation read from the scale of a graduated instrument; as, the reading of a barometer. 1913 Webster]
Reading of a bill(Legislation), its formal recital, by the proper officer, before the House which is to consider it. 1913 Webster]
Read"ing, a.1.Of or pertaining to the act of reading; used in reading. 1913 Webster]
2.Addicted to reading; as, a reading community. 1913 Webster]
Reading book, a book for teaching reading; a reader. --
Reading desk, a desk to support a book while reading; esp., a desk used while reading the service in a church. --
Reading glass, a large lens with more or less magnifying power, attached to a handle, and used in reading, etc. --
Reading man, one who reads much; hence, in the English universities, a close, industrious student. --
Reading room, a room appropriated to reading; a room provided with papers, periodicals, and the like, to which persons resort. 1913 Webster]
Re`ad*journ"(r, v. t.To adjourn a second time; to adjourn again. 1913 Webster]
Re`ad*journ"ment(r, n.The act of readjourning; a second or repeated adjournment. 1913 Webster]
Re`ad*just"(r, v. t.To adjust or settle again; to put in a different order or relation; to rearrange. 1913 Webster]
Re`ad*just"er(r, n.One who, or that which, readjusts; in some of the States of the United States, one who advocates a refunding, and sometimes a partial repudiation, of the State debt without the consent of the State's creditors. 1913 Webster]
Re`ad*just"ment(r, n.A second adjustment; a new or different adjustment. 1913 Webster]
Re`ad*mis"sion(r, n.The act of admitting again, or the state of being readmitted; as, the readmission of fresh air into an exhausted receiver; the readmission of a student into a seminary. 1913 Webster]
Re`ad*mit"(-m, v. t.To admit again; to give entrance or access to again. 1913 Webster]
Whose ear is ever open, and his eye readmit the suppliant.Milton. 1913 Webster]
Re`ad*mit"tance(-t, n.Allowance to enter again; a second admission. 1913 Webster]
Re`a*dopt"(r, v. t.To adopt again.Young. 1913 Webster]
Re`a*dorn"(-d, v. t.To adorn again or anew. 1913 Webster]
Re`ad*vance"(r, v. i.To advance again. 1913 Webster]
Re`ad*vert"en*cy(r, n.The act of adverting to again, or of reviewing. [R.] Norris. 1913 Webster]
Read"y(r, a.[Compar.Readier(r; superl.Readiest.][AS. r; akin to D. gereed, bereid, G. bereit, Goth. gar\'a0ids fixed, arranged, and possibly to E. ride, as meaning originally, prepared for riding. Cf. Array, 1st Curry.]1.Prepared for what one is about to do or experience; equipped or supplied with what is needed for some act or event; prepared for immediate movement or action; as, the troops are ready to march; ready for the journey. \'bdWhen she redy was.\'b8 Chaucer. 1913 Webster]
2.Fitted or arranged for immediate use; causing no delay for lack of being prepared or furnished. \'bdDinner was ready.\'b8 Fielding. 1913 Webster]
My oxen and my fatlings are killed, and all things are ready: come unto the marriage.Matt. xxii. 4. 1913 Webster]
3.Prepared in mind or disposition; not reluctant; willing; free; inclined; disposed. 1913 Webster]
I am ready not to be bound only, but also to die at Jerusalem, for the name of the Lord Jesus.Acts xxi. 13. 1913 Webster]
If need be, I am ready to forego Milton. 1913 Webster]
4.Not slow or hesitating; quick in action or perception of any kind; dexterous; prompt; easy; expert; as, a ready apprehension; ready wit; a ready writer or workman. \'bdReady in devising expedients.\'b8 Macaulay. 1913 Webster]
Gurth, whose temper was ready, though surly.Sir W. Scott. 1913 Webster]
5.Offering itself at once; at hand; opportune; convenient; near; easy. \'bdThe readiest way.\'b8 Milton. 1913 Webster]
A sapling pine he wrenched from out the ground, readiest weapon that his fury found.Dryden. 1913 Webster]
6.On the point; about; on the brink; near; -- with a following infinitive. 1913 Webster]
My heart is ready to crack.Shak. 1913 Webster]
7.(Mil.)A word of command, or a position, in the manual of arms, at which the piece is cocked and held in position to execute promptly the next command, which is, aim. 1913 Webster]
All ready, ready in every particular; wholly equipped or prepared. \'bd[I] am all redy at your hest.\'b8 Chaucer. --
Ready money, means of immediate payment; cash. \'bd'T is all the ready money fate can give.\'b8 Cowley. --
Ready reckoner, a book of tables for facilitating computations, as of interest, prices, etc. --
To make ready, to make preparation; to get in readiness. 1913 Webster]
Re`af*firm"(r, v. t.To affirm again. 1913 Webster]
{ Re`af*firm"ance(r, Re*af`fir*ma"tion(r, }n.A second affirmation. 1913 Webster]
Re`af*for"est(r, v. t.To convert again into a forest, as a region of country. 1913 Webster]
Re`af*for`es*ta"tion(-, n.The act or process of converting again into a forest. 1913 Webster]
Re*a"gent(r, n.(Chem.)A substance capable of producing with another a reaction, especially when employed to detect the presence of other bodies; a test. 1913 Webster]
Re*ag`gra*va"tion(r, n.(R. C. Ch.)The last monitory, published after three admonitions and before the last excommunication. 1913 Webster]
Re`a*gree"(r, v. i.To agree again. 1913 Webster]
Reak(r, n.[Wrack seaweed.]A rush. [Obs.] \'bdFeeds on reaks and reeds.\'b8 Drant. 1913 Webster]
Reak, n.[Cf. Icel. hrekkr, or E. wreak vengeance.]A prank. [Obs.] \'bdThey play such reaks.\'b8 Beau. & Fl. 1913 Webster]
Re"al(r, n.[Sp., fr. real royal, L. regalis. See Regal, and cf. Ree a coin.]A former small Spanish silver coin; also, a denomination of money of account, formerly the unit of the Spanish monetary system. 1913 Webster]
real of plate (coin) varied in value according to the time of its coinage, from 12real vellon, or money of account, was nearly equal to five cents, or 2 1913 Webster + PJC]
Re*al"(r, a.Royal; regal; kingly. [Obs.] \'bdThe blood real of Thebes.\'b8 Chaucer. 1913 Webster]
Re"al(r, a.[LL. realis, fr. L. res, rei, a thing: cf. F. r\'82el. Cf. Rebus.]1.Actually being or existing; not fictitious or imaginary; as, a description of real life. 1913 Webster]
Whereat I waked, and found real, as the dream Milton. 1913 Webster]
2.True; genuine; not artificial, counterfeit, or factitious; often opposed to ostensible; as, the real reason; real Madeira wine; real ginger.<-- split reason from objects. --> 1913 Webster]
Whose perfection far excelled real dignity.Milton. 1913 Webster]
3.Relating to things, not to persons. [Obs.] 1913 Webster]
Many are perfect in men's humors that are not greatly capable of the real part of business.Bacon. 1913 Webster]
4.(Alg.)Having an assignable arithmetical or numerical value or meaning; not imaginary. 1913 Webster]
5.(Law)Pertaining to things fixed, permanent, or immovable, as to lands and tenements; as, real property, in distinction from personal or movable property. 1913 Webster]
Chattels real(Law), such chattels as are annexed to, or savor of, the realty, as terms for years of land. See Chattel. --
Real action(Law), an action for the recovery of real property. --
Real assets(Law), lands or real estate in the hands of the heir, chargeable with the debts of the ancestor. --
Real composition(Eccl. Law), an agreement made between the owner of lands and the parson or vicar, with consent of the ordinary, that such lands shall be discharged from payment of tithes, in consequence of other land or recompense given to the parson in lieu and satisfaction thereof.Blackstone. --
Real estateor
Real property, lands, tenements, and hereditaments; freehold interests in landed property; property in houses and land.Kent.Burrill. --
Real presence(R. C. Ch.), the actual presence of the body and blood of Christ in the eucharist, or the conversion of the substance of the bread and wine into the real body and blood of Christ; transubstantiation. In other churches there is a belief in a form of real presence, not however in the sense of transubstantiation. --
Real servitude, called also
Predial servitude(Civil Law), a burden imposed upon one estate in favor of another estate of another proprietor.Erskine.Bouvier. 1913 Webster]
Syn. -- Actual; true; genuine; authentic. -- Real, Actual. Real represents a thing to be a substantive existence; as, a real, not imaginary, occurrence. Actual refers to it as acted or performed; and, hence, when we wish to prove a thing real, we often say, \'bdIt actually exists,\'b8 \'bdIt has actually been done.\'b8 Thus its reality is shown by its actuality. Actual, from this reference to being acted, has recently received a new signification, namely, present; as, the actual posture of affairs; since what is now in action, or going on, has, of course, a present existence. An actual fact; a real sentiment. 1913 Webster]
For he that but conceives a crime in thought, actual fault.Dryden. 1913 Webster]
Our simple ideas are all real; all agree to the reality of things.Locke. 1913 Webster]
Re*al"gar(r, n.[F. r\'82algar, Sp. rejalgar, Ar. rahj al gh\'ber powder of the mine.](Min.)Arsenic sulphide, a mineral of a brilliant red color; red orpiment. It is also an artificial product. 1913 Webster]
Re"al*ism(r, n.[Cf. F. r\'82alisme.]1.(Philos.)(a)As opposed to nominalism, the doctrine that genera and species are real things or entities, existing independently of our conceptions. According to realism the Universal exists ante rem (Plato), or in re (Aristotle).(b)As opposed to idealism, the doctrine that in sense perception there is an immediate cognition of the external object, and our knowledge of it is not mediate and representative. 1913 Webster]
2.(Art & Lit.)Fidelity to nature or to real life; representation without idealization, and making no appeal to the imagination; adherence to the actual fact. 1913 Webster]
3.the practise of assessing facts and the probabilities of the consequences of actions in an objective manner; avoidance of unrealistic or impractical beliefs or efforts. Contrasted to idealism, self-deception, overoptimism, overimaginativeness, or visionariness. PJC]
Re"al*ist, n.[Cf. F. r\'82aliste.]1.(Philos.)One who believes in realism; esp., one who maintains that generals, or the terms used to denote the genera and species of things, represent real existences, and are not mere names, as maintained by the nominalists. 1913 Webster]
2.(Art. & Lit.)An artist or writer who aims at realism in his work. See Realism, 2. 1913 Webster]
3.a person who avoids unrealistic or impractical beliefs or efforts. Contrasted to idealist or visionary. PJC]
Re`al*is"tic(-, a.Of or pertaining to the realists; in the manner of the realists; characterized by realism rather than by imagination. 1913 Webster]
Re`al*is"tic*al*ly, adv.In a realistic manner. 1913 Webster]
Re*al"i*ty(r, n.; pl.Realities(-t.[Cf. F. r\'82alit\'82, LL. realitas. See 3d Real, and cf. 2d Realty.]1.The state or quality of being real; actual being or existence of anything, in distinction from mere appearance; fact. 1913 Webster]
A man fancies that he understands a critic, when in reality he does not comprehend his meaning.Addison. 1913 Webster]
2.That which is real; an actual existence; that which is not imagination, fiction, or pretense; that which has objective existence, and is not merely an idea. 1913 Webster]
And to realities yield all her shows.Milton. 1913 Webster]
My neck may be an idea to you, but it is a reality to me.Beattie. 1913 Webster]
To express our reality to the emperor.Fuller. 1913 Webster]
4.(Law)See 2d Realty, 2. 1913 Webster]
Re"al*i`za*ble(r, a.Capable of being realized. 1913 Webster]
Re`al*i*za"tion(r, n.[Cf. F. r\'82alisation.]The act of realizing, or the state of being realized. 1913 Webster]
Re"al*ize(r, v. t.[imp. & p. p.Realized(-; p. pr. & vb. n.Realizing(-.][Cf. F. r\'82aliser.]1.To make real; to convert from the imaginary or fictitious into the actual; to bring into concrete existence; to effectuate; to accomplish; as, to realize a scheme or project. 1913 Webster]
We realize what Archimedes had only in hypothesis, weighing a single grain against the globe of earth.Glanvill. 1913 Webster]
2.To cause to seem real; to impress upon the mind as actual; to feel vividly or strongly; to make one's own in apprehension or experience. 1913 Webster]
Many coincidences . . . soon begin to appear in them [Greek inscriptions] which realize ancient history to us.Jowett. 1913 Webster]
We can not realize it in thought, that the object . . . had really no being at any past moment.Sir W. Hamilton. 1913 Webster]
3.To convert into real property; to make real estate of; as, to realize his fortune. 1913 Webster]
4.To acquire as an actual possession; to obtain as the result of plans and efforts; to gain; to get; as, to realize large profits from a speculation. 1913 Webster]
Knighthood was not beyond the reach of any man who could by diligent thrift realize a good estate.Macaulay. 1913 Webster]
5.To convert into actual money; as, to realize assets. 1913 Webster]
Re"al*ize, v. i.To convert any kind of property into money, especially property representing investments, as shares in stock companies, bonds, etc. 1913 Webster]
Wary men took the alarm, and began to realize, a word now first brought into use to express the conversion of ideal property into something real.W. Irving. 1913 Webster]
Re"al*i`zer(-, n.One who realizes.Coleridge. 1913 Webster]
Re"al*i`zing(-z, a.Serving to make real, or to impress on the mind as a reality; as, a realizing view of the danger incurred. -- Re"al*i`zing*ly, adv. 1913 Webster]
Re`al*lege"(-, v. t.To allege again.Cotgrave. 1913 Webster]
Re"al*ly(r, adv.In a real manner; with or in reality; actually; in truth. 1913 Webster]
Whose anger is really but a short fit of madness.Swift. 1913 Webster]
Really is often used familiarly as a slight corroboration of an opinion or a declaration. 1913 Webster]
Why, really, sixty-five is somewhat old.Young. 1913 Webster]
Realm(r, n.[OE. realme, ream, reaume, OF. reialme, roialme, F. royaume, fr. (assumed) LL. regalimen, from L. regalis royal. See Regal.]1.A royal jurisdiction or domain; a region which is under the dominion of a king; a kingdom. 1913 Webster]
The absolute master of realms on which the sun perpetually shone.Motley. 1913 Webster]
2.Hence, in general, province; region; country; domain; department; division; as, the realm of fancy. 1913 Webster]
Realm"less, a.Destitute of a realm.Keats. 1913 Webster]
Re"al*ness(r, n.The quality or condition of being real; reality. 1913 Webster]
Re"al*ty(-t, n.[OF. r\'82alt\'82, LL. regalitas, fr. L. regalis. See Regal.]1.Royalty. [Obs.] Chaucer. 1913 Webster]
Re"al*ty, n.[Contr. from 1st Reality.]1.Reality. [Obs.] Dr. H. More. 1913 Webster]
2.(Law)(a)Immobility, or the fixed, permanent nature of real property; as, chattels which savor of the realty; -- so written in legal language for reality.(b)Real estate; a piece of real property.Blackstone. 1913 Webster]
Ream(r, n.[AS. re\'a0m, akin to G. rahm.]Cream; also, the cream or froth on ale. [Scot.] 1913 Webster]
Ream, v. i.To cream; to mantle. [Scot.] 1913 Webster]
A huge pewter measuring pot which, in the language of the hostess, reamed with excellent claret.Sir W. Scott. 1913 Webster]
Ream, v. t.[Cf. Reim.]To stretch out; to draw out into thongs, threads, or filaments. 1913 Webster]
Ream, n.[OE. reme, OF. rayme, F. rame (cf. Sp. resma), fr. Ar. rizma a bundle, especially of paper.]A bundle, package, or quantity of paper, usually consisting of twenty quires or 480 sheets.<-- now 500 --> 1913 Webster]
Printer's ream, twenty-one and a half quires. [Eng.] A common practice is now to count five hundred sheets to the ream.Knight. 1913 Webster]
Ream, v. t.[imp. & p. p.Reamed(r; p. pr. & vb. n.Reaming.][Cf. G. r\'84umen to remove, to clear away, fr. raum room. See Room.]To bevel out, as the mouth of a hole in wood or metal; in modern usage, to enlarge or dress out, as a hole, with a reamer. 1913 Webster]
Reame(r, n.Realm. [Obs.] Chaucer. 1913 Webster]
Ream"er(-, n.One who, or that which, reams; specifically, an instrument with cutting or scraping edges, used, with a twisting motion, for enlarging a round hole, as the bore of a cannon, etc. 1913 Webster]
Re*am`pu*ta"tion(r, n.(Surg.)The second of two amputations performed upon the same member. 1913 Webster]
Re*an"i*mate(r, v. t.To animate anew; to restore to animation or life; to infuse new life, vigor, spirit, or courage into; to revive; to reinvigorate; as, to reanimate a drowned person; to reanimate disheartened troops; to reanimate languid spirits.Glanvill. 1913 Webster]
Re*an`i*ma"tion(r, n.The act or operation of reanimating, or the state of being reanimated; reinvigoration; revival. 1913 Webster]
Re`an*nex"(r, v. t.To annex again or anew; to reunite. \'bdTo reannex that duchy.\'b8 Bacon. 1913 Webster]
Re*an`nex*a"tion(-, n.Act of reannexing. 1913 Webster]
Re*an"swer(r, v. t. & i.To answer in return; to repay; to compensate; to make amends for. 1913 Webster]
Which in weight to reanswer, his pettiness would bow under.Shak. 1913 Webster]
Reap(r, v. t.[imp. & p. p.Reaped(r; p. pr. & vb. n.Reaping.][OE. repen, AS. r\'c6pan to seize, reap; cf. D. rapen to glean, reap, G. raufen to pluck, Goth. raupjan, or E. ripe.]1.To cut with a sickle, scythe, or reaping machine, as grain; to gather, as a harvest, by cutting. 1913 Webster]
When ye reap the harvest of your land, thou shalt not wholly reap the corners of thy field.Lev. xix. 9. 1913 Webster]
2.To gather; to obtain; to receive as a reward or harvest, or as the fruit of labor or of works; -- in a good or a bad sense; as, to reap a benefit from exertions. 1913 Webster]
Why do I humble thus myself, and, suing reap nothing but repulse and hate?Milton. 1913 Webster]
3.To clear of a crop by reaping; as, to reap a field. 1913 Webster]
4.To deprive of the beard; to shave. [R.] Shak. 1913 Webster]
Reaping hook, an implement having a hook-shaped blade, used in reaping; a sickle; -- in a specific sense, distinguished from a sickle by a blade keen instead of serrated. 1913 Webster]
Reap, v. i.To perform the act or operation of reaping; to gather a harvest. 1913 Webster]
They that sow in tears shall reap in joy.Ps. cxxvi. 5. 1913 Webster]
Reap, n.[Cf. AS. r\'c6p harvest. See Reap, v.]A bundle of grain; a handful of grain laid down by the reaper as it is cut. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Wright. 1913 Webster]
Reap"er(r, n.1.One who reaps. 1913 Webster]
The sun-burned reapers wiping their foreheads.Macaulay. 1913 Webster]
2.A reaping machine. 1913 Webster]
Re`ap*par"el(r, v. t.To clothe again. 1913 Webster]
Re`ap*pear"(r, v. i.To appear again. 1913 Webster]
Re`ap*pear"ance(-, n.A second or new appearance; the act or state of appearing again. 1913 Webster]
Re*ap`pli*ca"tion(r, n.The act of reapplying, or the state of being reapplied. 1913 Webster]
Re`ap*ply"(r, v. t. & i.To apply again. 1913 Webster]
Re`ap*point"(-point"), v. t.To appoint again. 1913 Webster]
Re`ap*point"ment(-m, n.The act of reappointing, or the state of being reappointed. 1913 Webster]
Re`ap*por"tion(-p, v. t.To apportion again. 1913 Webster]
Re`ap*por"tion*ment(-m, n.A second or a new apportionment. 1913 Webster]
Re`ap*proach"(r, v. i. & t.To approach again or anew. 1913 Webster]
Then why does Cuddy leave his cot so rear?Gay. 1913 Webster]
Rear, n.[OF. riere behind, backward, fr. L. retro. Cf. Arrear.]1.The back or hindmost part; that which is behind, or last in order; -- opposed to front. 1913 Webster]
Nipped with the lagging rear of winter's frost.Milton. 1913 Webster]
2.Specifically, the part of an army or fleet which comes last, or is stationed behind the rest. 1913 Webster]
When the fierce foe hung on our broken rear.Milton. 1913 Webster]
Rear, a.Being behind, or in the hindmost part; hindmost; as, the rear rank of a company. 1913 Webster]
Rear admiral, an officer in the navy, next in rank below a vice admiral and above a commodore. See Admiral. --
Rear front(Mil.), the rear rank of a body of troops when faced about and standing in that position. --
Rear guard(Mil.), the division of an army that marches in the rear of the main body to protect it; -- used also figuratively. --
Rear line(Mil.), the line in the rear of an army. --
Rear rank(Mil.), the rank or line of a body of troops which is in the rear, or last in order. --
Rear sight(Firearms), the sight nearest the breech. --
To bring up the rear, to come last or behind. 1913 Webster]
Rear(r, v. t.To place in the rear; to secure the rear of. [R.] 1913 Webster]
Rear, v. t.[imp. & p. p.Reared(r; p. pr. & vb. n.Rearing.][AS. r to raise, rear, elevate, for r, causative of r\'c6san to rise. See Rise, and cf. Raise.]1.To raise; to lift up; to cause to rise, become erect, etc.; to elevate; as, to rear a monolith. 1913 Webster]
In adoration at his feet I fell reared me.Milton. 1913 Webster]
It reareth our hearts from vain thoughts.Barrow. 1913 Webster]
Mine [shall be] the first hand to rear her banner.Ld. Lytton. 1913 Webster]
2.To erect by building; to set up; to construct; as, to rear defenses or houses; to rear one government on the ruins of another. 1913 Webster]
One reared a font of stone.Tennyson. 1913 Webster]
3.To lift and take up. [Obs. or R.] 1913 Webster]
And having her from Trompart lightly reared, Spenser. 1913 Webster]
4.To bring up to maturity, as young; to educate; to instruct; to foster; as, to rear offspring. 1913 Webster]
He wants a father to protect his youth, rear him up to virtue.Southern. 1913 Webster]
5.To breed and raise; as, to rear cattle. 1913 Webster]
6.To rouse; to stir up. [Obs.] 1913 Webster]
And seeks the tusky boar to rear.Dryden. 1913 Webster]
Syn. -- To lift; elevate; erect; raise; build; establish. See the Note under Raise, 3 (c). 1913 Webster]
Rear, v. i.To rise up on the hind legs, as a horse; to become erect. 1913 Webster]
Rearing bit, a bit designed to prevent a horse from lifting his head when rearing.Knight. 1913 Webster]
Rear"most`(-m, a.Farthest in the rear; last. 1913 Webster]
{ Rear"mouse`, Rere"mouse`(-mous`) }, n.[AS. hr; probably fr. hr to agitate, stir (akin to G. r\'81hren, Icel. hr\'91ra) + m mouse.](Zo\'94l.)The leather-winged bat (Vespertilio murinus).[Written also reermouse.] 1913 Webster]
Re`ar*range"(r, v. t.To arrange again; to arrange in a different way. 1913 Webster]
Re`ar*range"ment(-m, n.The act of rearranging, or the state of being rearranged. 1913 Webster]
Rear"ward`(r, n.[Rear + ward.]The last troop; the rear of an army; a rear guard. Also used figuratively.Shak. 1913 Webster]
Rear"ward(-w, a. & adv.At or toward the rear. 1913 Webster]
Re`as*cend"(r, v. i.To rise, mount, or climb again. 1913 Webster]
Re`as*cend", v. t.To ascend or mount again; to reach by ascending again. 1913 Webster]
He mounts aloft, and reascends the skies.Addison. 1913 Webster]
Re`as*cen"sion(-s, n.The act of reascending; a remounting. 1913 Webster]
Re`as*cent"(-s, n.A returning ascent or ascension; acclivity.Cowper. 1913 Webster]
Rea"son(r, n.[OE. resoun, F. raison, fr. L. ratio (akin to Goth. ra number, account, gara to count, G. rede speech, reden to speak), fr. reri, ratus, to reckon, believe, think. Cf. Arraign, Rate, Ratio, Ration.]1.A thought or a consideration offered in support of a determination or an opinion; a just ground for a conclusion or an action; that which is offered or accepted as an explanation; the efficient cause of an occurrence or a phenomenon; a motive for an action or a determination; proof, more or less decisive, for an opinion or a conclusion; principle; efficient cause; final cause; ground of argument. 1913 Webster]
I'll give him reasons for it.Shak. 1913 Webster]
The reason of the motion of the balance in a wheel watch is by the motion of the next wheel.Sir M. Hale. 1913 Webster]
This reason did the ancient fathers render, why the church was called \'bdcatholic.\'b8Bp. Pearson. 1913 Webster]
Virtue and vice are not arbitrary things; but there is a natural and eternal reason for that goodness and virtue, and against vice and wickedness.Tillotson. 1913 Webster]
2.The faculty or capacity of the human mind by which it is distinguished from the intelligence of the inferior animals; the higher as distinguished from the lower cognitive faculties, sense, imagination, and memory, and in contrast to the feelings and desires. Reason comprises conception, judgment, reasoning, and the intuitional faculty. Specifically, it is the intuitional faculty, or the faculty of first truths, as distinguished from the understanding, which is called the discursive or ratiocinative faculty. 1913 Webster]
We have no other faculties of perceiving or knowing anything divine or human, but by our five senses and our reason.P. Browne. 1913 Webster]
In common and popular discourse, reason denotes that power by which we distinguish truth from falsehood, and right from wrong, and by which we are enabled to combine means for the attainment of particular ends.Stewart. 1913 Webster]
Reason is used sometimes to express the whole of those powers which elevate man above the brutes, and constitute his rational nature, more especially, perhaps, his intellectual powers; sometimes to express the power of deduction or argumentation.Stewart. 1913 Webster]
By the pure reason I mean the power by which we become possessed of principles.Coleridge. 1913 Webster]
The sense perceives; the understanding, in its own peculiar operation, conceives; the reason, or rationalized understanding, comprehends.Coleridge. 1913 Webster]
<-- p. 1196 pr=vmg -->
3.Due exercise of the reasoning faculty; accordance with, or that which is accordant with and ratified by, the mind rightly exercised; right intellectual judgment; clear and fair deductions from true principles; that which is dictated or supported by the common sense of mankind; right conduct; right; propriety; justice. 1913 Webster]
I was promised, on a time, reason for my rhyme.Spenser. 1913 Webster]
But law in a free nation hath been ever public reason; the enacted reason of a parliament, which he denying to enact, denies to govern us by that which ought to be our law; interposing his own private reason, which to us is no law.Milton. 1913 Webster]
The most probable way of bringing France to reason would be by the making an attempt on the Spanish West Indies.Addison. 1913 Webster]
By reason of, by means of; on account of; because of. \'bdSpain is thin sown of people, partly by reason of the sterility of the soil.\'b8 Bacon. --
In reason,
In all reason, in justice; with rational ground; in a right view. 1913 Webster]
When anything is proved by as good arguments as a thing of that kind is capable of, we ought not, in reason, to doubt of its existence.Tillotson. 1913 Webster]
--
It is reason, it is reasonable; it is right. [Obs.] 1913 Webster]
Yet it were great reason, that those that have children should have greatest care of future times.Bacon. 1913 Webster]
Rea"son(r, v. i.[imp. & p. p.Reasoned(r; p. pr. & vb. n.Reasoning.][Cf. F. raisonner. See Reason, n.]1.To exercise the rational faculty; to deduce inferences from premises; to perform the process of deduction or of induction; to ratiocinate; to reach conclusions by a systematic comparison of facts. 1913 Webster]
2.Hence: To carry on a process of deduction or of induction, in order to convince or to confute; to formulate and set forth propositions and the inferences from them; to argue. 1913 Webster]
Stand still, that I may reason with you, before the Lord, of all the righteous acts of the Lord.1 Sam. xii. 7. 1913 Webster]
3.To converse; to compare opinions.Shak. 1913 Webster]
Rea"son, v. t.1.To arrange and present the reasons for or against; to examine or discuss by arguments; to debate or discuss; as, I reasoned the matter with my friend. 1913 Webster]
When they are clearly discovered, well digested, and well reasoned in every part, there is beauty in such a theory.T. Burnet. 1913 Webster]
2.To support with reasons, as a request. [R.] Shak. 1913 Webster]
3.To persuade by reasoning or argument; as, to reason one into a belief; to reason one out of his plan. 1913 Webster]
Men that will not be reasoned into their senses.L'Estrange. 1913 Webster]
4.To overcome or conquer by adducing reasons; -- with down; as, to reason down a passion. 1913 Webster]
5.To find by logical processes; to explain or justify by reason or argument; -- usually with out; as, to reason out the causes of the librations of the moon. 1913 Webster]
Rea"son*a*ble(r, a.[OE. resonable, F. raisonnable, fr. L. rationabilis. See Reason, n.]1.Having the faculty of reason; endued with reason; rational; as, a reasonable being. 1913 Webster]
2.Governed by reason; being under the influence of reason; thinking, speaking or acting rationally, or according to the dictates of reason; agreeable to reason; just; rational; as, the measure must satisfy all reasonable men. 1913 Webster]
By indubitable certainty, I mean that which doth not admit of any reasonable cause of doubting.Bp. Wilkins. 1913 Webster]
Men have no right to what is not reasonable.Burke. 1913 Webster]
3.Not excessive or immoderate; within due limits; proper; as, a reasonable demand, amount, price. 1913 Webster]
Let . . . all things be thought upon reasonable swiftness, add Shak. 1913 Webster]
I have a reasonable good ear in music.Shak. 1913 Webster]
Rea"son*a*ble*ness, n.Quality of being reasonable. 1913 Webster]
Rea"son*a*bly, adv.1.In a reasonable manner. 1913 Webster]
2.Moderately; tolerably. \'bdReasonably perfect in the language.\'b8 Holder. 1913 Webster]
Rea"son*er(r, n.One who reasons or argues; as, a fair reasoner; a close reasoner; a logical reasoner. 1913 Webster]
Rea"son*ing, n.1.The act or process of adducing a reason or reasons; manner of presenting one's reasons. 1913 Webster]
2.That which is offered in argument; proofs or reasons when arranged and developed; course of argument. 1913 Webster]
His reasoning was sufficiently profound.Macaulay. 1913 Webster]
Syn. -- Argumentation; argument. -- Reasoning, Argumentation. Few words are more interchanged than these; and yet, technically, there is a difference between them. Reasoning is the broader term, including both deduction and induction. Argumentation denotes simply the former, and descends from the whole to some included part; while reasoning embraces also the latter, and ascends from the parts to a whole. See Induction. Reasoning is occupied with ideas and their relations; argumentation has to do with the forms of logic. A thesis is set down: you attack, I defend it; you insist, I reply; you deny, I prove; you distinguish, I destroy your distinctions; my replies balance or overturn your objections. Such is argumentation. It supposes that there are two sides, and that both agree to the same rules. Reasoning, on the other hand, is often a natural process, by which we form, from the general analogy of nature, or special presumptions in the case, conclusions which have greater or less degrees of force, and which may be strengthened or weakened by subsequent experience. 1913 Webster]
Such persons are now commonly called \'bdreasonists\'b8 and \'bdrationalists,\'b8 to distinguish them from true reasoners and rational inquirers.Waterland. 1913 Webster]
Rea"son*less, a.1.Destitute of reason; as, a reasonless man or mind.Shak. 1913 Webster]
2.Void of reason; not warranted or supported by reason; unreasonable. 1913 Webster]
This proffer is absurd and reasonless.Shak. 1913 Webster]
Re`as*sem"blage(r, n.Assemblage a second time or again. 1913 Webster]
Re`as*sem"ble(r, v. t. & i.To assemble again. 1913 Webster]
Re`as*sert"(r, v. t.To assert again or anew; to maintain after an omission to do so. 1913 Webster]
Let us hope . . . we may have a body of authors who will reassert our claim to respectability in literature.Walsh. 1913 Webster]
Re`as*ser"tion(r, n.A second or renewed assertion of the same thing. 1913 Webster]
Re`as*sess"ment(r, n.A renewed or second assessment. 1913 Webster]
Re`as*sign"(r, v. t.To assign back or again; to transfer back what has been assigned. 1913 Webster]
Re`as*sign"ment(r, n.The act of reassigning. 1913 Webster]
Re`as*sim"i*late(r, v. t. & i.To assimilate again. -- Re`as*sim`i*la"tion(r, n. 1913 Webster]
Re`as*so"ci*ate(r, v. t. & i.To associate again; to bring again into close relations. 1913 Webster]
Re`as*sume"(r, v. t.To assume again or anew; to resume. -- Re`as*sump"tion(r, n. 1913 Webster]
Re`as*sur"ance(r, n.1.Assurance or confirmation renewed or repeated.Prynne. 1913 Webster]
2.(Law)Same as Reinsurance. 1913 Webster]
Re`as*sure"(r, v. t.1.To assure anew; to restore confidence to; to free from fear or terror. 1913 Webster]
They rose with fear, . . . reassured the rest.Dryden. 1913 Webster]
2.To reinsure. 1913 Webster]
Re`as*sur"er(r, n.One who reassures. 1913 Webster]
Reas"ty(r, a.[Etymol. uncertain.]Rusty and rancid; -- applied to salt meat. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Tusser. -- Reas"ti*ness(r, n. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] 1913 Webster]
\'d8Re*a"ta(r, n.[Sp.]A lariat. 1913 Webster]
Re`at*tach"(r, v. t.To attach again.The object reattached may have been an integral part which had never been "attached" (trans), e.g., to reattach a severed finger. 1913 Webster +PJC]
Re`at*tach"ment(r, n.The act of reattaching; a second attachment. 1913 Webster]
Re`at*tain"(r, v. t.To attain again. 1913 Webster]
Re`at*tain"ment(r, n.The act of reattaining. 1913 Webster]
Re`at*tempt"(r, v. t.To attempt again. 1913 Webster]
Re"aume(r, n.Realm. [Obs.] Chaucer. 1913 Webster]
R\'82`au`mur"(r, a.Of or pertaining to Ren\'82 Antoine Ferchault de R\'82aumur; conformed to the scale adopted by R\'82aumur in graduating the thermometer he invented. -- n.A R\'82aumur thermometer or scale. 1913 Webster]
R\'82aumur thermometer is so graduated that 0Centigrade, and Fahrenheit. See Illust. of Thermometer. 1913 Webster]
Reave(r, v. t.[imp. & p. p.Reaved(r, Reft(r, or Raft(r (obs.); p. pr. & vb. n.Reaving.][AS. re\'a0fian, from re\'a0f spoil, plunder, clothing, re\'a2fan to break (cf. bire\'a2fan to deprive of); akin to G. rauben to rob, Icel. raufa to rob, rj to break, violate, Goth. bir\'a0ub to despoil, L. rumpere to break; cf. Skr. lup to break. Bereave, Rob, v. t., Robe, Rove, v. i., Rupture.]To take away by violence or by stealth; to snatch away; to rob; to despoil; to bereave. [Archaic]. \'bdTo reave his life.\'b8 Spenser. 1913 Webster]
He golden apples raft of the dragon.Chaucer. 1913 Webster]
If the wooers reave Chapman. 1913 Webster]
To reave the orphan of his patrimony.Shak. 1913 Webster]
The heathen caught and reft him of his tongue.Tennyson. 1913 Webster]
Reav"er(r, n.One who reaves. [Archaic] 1913 Webster]
Re`a*wake"(r, v. i.To awake again. 1913 Webster]
Re*ban"ish(r, v. t.To banish again. 1913 Webster]
Re*bap"tism(r, n.A second baptism. 1913 Webster]
Re*bap`ti*za"tion(r, n.[Cf. F. rebaptisation.]A second baptism. [Obs.] Hooker. 1913 Webster]
Re`bap*tize"(r, v. t.[Pref. re- + baptize: cf. F. rebaptiser, L. rebaptizare.]To baptize again or a second time. 1913 Webster]
Re`bap*tiz"er(r, n.One who rebaptizes. 1913 Webster]
Re*bar"ba*rize(r, v. t.To reduce again to barbarism. -- Re*bar`ba*ri*za"tion(r, n. 1913 Webster]
Germany . . . rebarbarized by polemical theology and religious wars.Sir W. Hamilton. 1913 Webster]
Re*bate"(r, v. t.[F. rebattre to beat again; pref. re- re- + battre to beat, L. batuere to beat, strike. See Abate.]1.To beat to obtuseness; to deprive of keenness; to blunt; to turn back the point of, as a lance used for exercise. 1913 Webster]
But doth rebate and blunt his natural edge.Shak. 1913 Webster]
2.To deduct from; to make a discount from, as interest due, or customs duties.Blount. 1913 Webster]
3.To return a portion of a sum paid, as a method of discounting of prices. PJC]
Rebated cross, a cross which has the extremities of the arms bent back at right angles, as in the fylfot. 1913 Webster]
Re*bate", v. i.To abate; to withdraw. [Obs.] Foxe. 1913 Webster]
Re*bate", n.1.Diminution. 1913 Webster]
2.(Com.)Deduction; abatement; as, a rebate of interest for immediate payment; a rebate of importation duties.Bouvier. 1913 Webster]
3.A portion of a sum paid, returned to the purchaser, as a method of discounting. The rebate is sometimes returned by the manufacturer, after the full price is paid to the retailer by the purchaser. PJC]
Re*bate", n.[See Rabbet.]1.(Arch.)A rectangular longitudinal recess or groove, cut in the corner or edge of any body; a rabbet. See Rabbet. 1913 Webster]
2.A piece of wood hafted into a long stick, and serving to beat out mortar.Elmes. 1913 Webster]
3.An iron tool sharpened something like a chisel, and used for dressing and polishing wood.Elmes. 1913 Webster]
4.[Perhaps a different word.]A kind of hard freestone used in making pavements. [R.] Elmes. 1913 Webster]
Re*bate", v. t.To cut a rebate in. See Rabbet, v. 1913 Webster]
Re*bate"ment(r, n.[Cf. OF. rabatement, fr. rabatre to diminish, F. rabattre.]Same as 3d Rebate, v. 1913 Webster]
Re*ba"to(r, n.Same as Rabato.Burton. 1913 Webster]
Re"bec(r, n.[F., fr. It. ribeca, ribeba, fr. Ar. rab\'beb a musical instrument of a round form.]1.(Mus.)An instrument formerly used which somewhat resembled the violin, having three strings, and being played with a bow.[Written also rebeck.]Milton. 1913 Webster]
He turn'd his rebec to a mournful note.Drayton. 1913 Webster]
2.A contemptuous term applied to an old woman. [Obs.] Chaucer. 1913 Webster]
Reb"el(r, a.[F. rebelle, fr. L. rebellis. See Rebel, v. i.]Pertaining to rebels or rebellion; acting in revolt; rebellious; as, rebel troops. 1913 Webster]
Whoso be rebel to my judgment.Chaucer. 1913 Webster]
Convict by flight, and rebel to all law.Milton. 1913 Webster]
Reb"el, n.[F. rebelle.]One who rebels. 1913 Webster]
Syn. -- Revolter; insurgent. -- Rebel, Insurgent. Insurgent marks an early, and rebel a more advanced, stage of opposition to government. The former rises up against his rulers, the latter makes war upon them. 1913 Webster]
Re*bel"(r, v. i.[imp. & p. p.Rebelled(r; p. pr. & vb. n.Rebelling.][F. rebeller, fr. L. rebellare to make war again; pref. re- again + bellare to make war, fr. bellum war. See Bellicose, and cf. Revel to carouse.]1.To renounce, and resist by force, the authority of the ruler or government to which one owes obedience. See Rebellion. 1913 Webster]
The murmur and the churls' rebelling.Chaucer. 1913 Webster]
Ye have builded you an altar, that ye might rebel this day against the Lord.Josh. xxii. 16. 1913 Webster]
2.To be disobedient to authority; to assume a hostile or insubordinate attitude; to revolt. 1913 Webster]
How could my hand rebel against my heart? rebel against your reason?Dryden. 1913 Webster]
Reb"el*dom(r, n.A region infested by rebels; rebels, considered collectively; also, conduct or quality characteristic of rebels.Thackeray. 1913 Webster]
Re*bel"ler(r, n.One who rebels; a rebel. 1913 Webster]
Re*bel"lion(r, n.[F. r\'82bellion, L. rebellio. See Rebel, v. i. Among the Romans rebellion was originally a revolt or open resistance to their government by nations that had been subdued in war. It was a renewed war.]1.The act of rebelling; open and avowed renunciation of the authority of the government to which one owes obedience, and resistance to its officers and laws, either by levying war, or by aiding others to do so; an organized uprising of subjects for the purpose of coercing or overthrowing their lawful ruler or government by force; revolt; insurrection. 1913 Webster]
No sooner is the standard of rebellion displayed than men of desperate principles resort to it.Ames. 1913 Webster]
2.Open resistance to, or defiance of, lawful authority. 1913 Webster]
Commission of rebellion(Eng. Law), a process of contempt issued on the nonappearance of a defendant, -- now abolished.Wharton.Burrill. 1913 Webster]
Re*bel"lious(r, a.Engaged in rebellion; disposed to rebel; of the nature of rebels or of rebellion; resisting government or lawful authority by force. \'bdThy rebellious crew.\'b8 \'bdProud rebellious arms.\'b8 Milton. -- Re*bel"lious*ly, adv. -- Re*bel"lious*ness, n. 1913 Webster]
Re*bel"low(r, v. i.To bellow again; to repeat or echo a bellow. 1913 Webster]
The cave rebellowed, and the temple shook.Dryden. 1913 Webster]
Re*bit"ing(r, n.(Etching)The act or process of deepening worn lines in an etched plate by submitting it again to the action of acid.Fairholt. 1913 Webster]
Re*bloom"(r, v. i.To bloom again.Crabbe. 1913 Webster]
Re*blos"som(r, v. i.To blossom again. 1913 Webster]
Re*bo"ant(r, a.[L. reboans, p. pr. of reboare; pref. re- re- + boare to cry aloud.]Rebellowing; resounding loudly. [R.] Mrs. Browning. 1913 Webster]
Re`bo*a"tion(r, n.Repetition of a bellow. [R.] Bp. Patrick. 1913 Webster]
Re*boil"(r, v. t. & i.[Pref. re- + boil: cf. F. rebouillir.]1.To boil, or to cause to boil, again. 1913 Webster]
2.Fig.: To make or to become hot. [Obs.] 1913 Webster]
Some of his companions thereat reboyleth.Sir T. Elyot. 1913 Webster]
Re*born"(r, p. p.Born again. 1913 Webster]
Re*bound"(r, v. i.[Pref. re- + bound: cf. F. rebondir.]1.To spring back; to start back; to be sent back or reverberated by elastic force on collision with another body; as, a rebounding echo. 1913 Webster]
Bodies which are absolutely hard, or so soft as to be void of elasticity, will not rebound from one another.Sir I. Newton. 1913 Webster]
2.To give back an echo. [R.] T. Warton. 1913 Webster]
3.To bound again or repeatedly, as a horse.Pope. 1913 Webster]
4.to recover, as from sickness, psychological shock, or disappointment. PJC]
Rebounding lock(Firearms), one in which the hammer rebounds to half cock after striking the cap or primer. 1913 Webster]
Re*bound", v. t.To send back; to reverberate. 1913 Webster]
Silenus sung; the vales his voice rebound.Dryden. 1913 Webster]
Re*bound", n.1.The act of rebounding; resilience. 1913 Webster]
Flew . . . back, as from a rock, with swift rebound.Dryden. 1913 Webster]
2.recovery, as from sickness, psychological shock, or disappointment. PJC]
\'d8Re*bo"zo(?), n.[Sp. rebozo.]A kind of mantilla worn by women over the head and shoulders, and sometimes over part of the face. [Mexico & Sp. Amer.] Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Re*brace"(r, v. t.To brace again.Gray. 1913 Webster]
Re*breathe"(r, v. t.To breathe again. 1913 Webster]
Re*bu"cous(r, a.Rebuking. [Obs.] 1913 Webster]
She gave unto him many rebucous words.Fabyan. 1913 Webster]
Re*buff"(r, n.[It. ribuffo, akin to ribuffare to repulse; pref. ri- (L. re-) + buffo puff. Cf. Buff to strike, Buffet a blow.]1.Repercussion, or beating back; a quick and sudden resistance. 1913 Webster]
The strong rebuff of some tumultuous cloud.Milton. 1913 Webster]