22.12.2 Menus and the Mouse

The usual way to make a menu keymap produce a menu is to make it the definition of a prefix key. (A Lisp program can explicitly pop up a menu and receive the user's choice--see 29.15 Pop-Up Menus.)

If the prefix key ends with a mouse event, Emacs handles the menu keymap by popping up a visible menu, so that the user can select a choice with the mouse. When the user clicks on a menu item, the event generated is whatever character or symbol has the binding that brought about that menu item. (A menu item may generate a series of events if the menu has multiple levels or comes from the menu bar.)

It's often best to use a button-down event to trigger the menu. Then the user can select a menu item by releasing the button.

A single keymap can appear as multiple menu panes, if you explicitly arrange for this. The way to do this is to make a keymap for each pane, then create a binding for each of those maps in the main keymap of the menu. Give each of these bindings an item string that starts with `@'. The rest of the item string becomes the name of the pane. See the file `lisp/mouse.el' for an example of this. Any ordinary bindings with `@'-less item strings are grouped into one pane, which appears along with the other panes explicitly created for the submaps.

X toolkit menus don't have panes; instead, they can have submenus. Every nested keymap becomes a submenu, whether the item string starts with `@' or not. In a toolkit version of Emacs, the only thing special about `@' at the beginning of an item string is that the `@' doesn't appear in the menu item.

You can also produce multiple panes or submenus from separate keymaps. The full definition of a prefix key always comes from merging the definitions supplied by the various active keymaps (minor mode, local, and global). When more than one of these keymaps is a menu, each of them makes a separate pane or panes (when Emacs does not use an X-toolkit) or a separate submenu (when using an X-toolkit). See section 22.6 Active Keymaps.