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Concept Index

• /etc/hostname: Host Identification
• /etc/nsswitch.conf: NSS Configuration File
• 4.n BSD Unix: Berkeley Unix
• __va_copy: Copying and Concatenation
• _POSIX_OPTION_ORDER environment variable.: Standard Environment
• _POSIX_SAVED_IDS: How Change Persona
• abort signal: Program Error Signals
• aborting a program: Aborting a Program
• absolute file name: File Name Resolution
• absolute priority: Absolute Priority
• absolute value functions: Absolute Value
• accepting connections: Accepting Connections
• access permission for a file: Access Permission
• access, testing for: Testing File Access
• accessing directories: Accessing Directories
• address of socket: Socket Addresses
• address space: Program Basics, Memory Subsystem
• alarm signal: Alarm Signals
• alarms, setting: Setting an Alarm
• alignment (in obstacks): Obstacks Data Alignment
• alignment (with malloc): Aligned Memory Blocks
• alloca disadvantages: Disadvantages of Alloca
• alloca function: Variable Size Automatic
• allocating pseudo-terminals: Allocation
• allocation (obstacks): Allocation in an Obstack
• allocation debugging: Allocation Debugging
• allocation hooks, for malloc: Hooks for Malloc
• allocation of memory with malloc: Basic Allocation
• allocation size of string: Representation of Strings
• allocation statistics: Statistics of Malloc
• alphabetic character: Classification of Wide Characters, Classification of Characters
• alphanumeric character: Classification of Wide Characters, Classification of Characters
• append-access files: File Position
• argc (program argument count): Program Arguments
• argp (program argument parser): Argp
• argp parser functions: Argp Parser Functions
• ARGP_HELP_FMT environment variable: Argp User Customization
• argument parsing with argp: Argp
• argument promotion: Calling Variadics
• argument vectors, null-character separated: Argz and Envz Vectors
• arguments (variadic functions): Receiving Arguments
• arguments, how many: How Many Arguments
• arguments, to program: Program Arguments
• argv (program argument vector): Program Arguments
• argz vectors (string vectors): Argz and Envz Vectors
• arithmetic expansion: Expansion Stages
• array comparison functions: String/Array Comparison
• array copy functions: Copying and Concatenation
• array search function: Array Search Function
• array sort function: Array Sort Function
• ASCII character: Classification of Characters
• assertions: Consistency Checking
• attributes of a file: Attribute Meanings
• automatic freeing: Variable Size Automatic
• automatic memory allocation: Memory Allocation and C
• automatic storage class: Memory Allocation and C
• automatic storage with variable size: Variable Size Automatic
• background job: Concepts of Job Control
• background job, launching: Foreground and Background
• backtrace: Backtraces
• backtrace_fd: Backtraces
• backtrace_symbols: Backtraces
• base (of floating point number): Floating Point Concepts
• baud rate: Line Speed
• Berkeley Unix: Berkeley Unix
• Bessel functions: Special Functions
• bias (of floating point number exponent): Floating Point Concepts
• big-endian: Byte Order
• binary I/O to a stream: Block Input/Output
• binary search function (for arrays): Array Search Function
• binary stream: Binary Streams
• binding a socket address: Socket Addresses
• blank character: Classification of Wide Characters, Classification of Characters
• block I/O to a stream: Block Input/Output
• blocked signals: Delivery of Signal
• blocked signals, checking for: Checking for Pending Signals
• blocking signals: Blocking Signals
• blocking signals, in a handler: Blocking for Handler
• bootstrapping, and services: Actions in the NSS configuration
• break condition, detecting: Input Modes
• break condition, generating: Line Control
• breaking a string into tokens: Finding Tokens in a String
• broken pipe signal: Operation Error Signals
• broken-down time: Broken-down Time, Calendar Time
• BSD compatibility library: Process Group Functions
• BSD compatibility library.: Feature Test Macros
• BSD Unix: Berkeley Unix
• buffering of streams: Stream Buffering
• buffering, controlling: Controlling Buffering
• bugs, reporting: Reporting Bugs
• bus error: Program Error Signals
• butterfly: Misc FP Arithmetic
• byte order conversion, for socket: Byte Order
• byte stream: Socket Concepts
• C++ streams: Streams and I18N
• calendar time: Time Basics
• calendar time and broken-down time: Broken-down Time
• calendar, Gregorian: Calendar Time
• calling variadic functions: Calling Variadics
• canonical input processing: Canonical or Not
• capacity limits, POSIX: General Limits
• carrier detect: Control Modes
• case conversion of characters: Case Conversion
• catching signals: Delivery of Signal
• categories for locales: Locale Categories
• change working directory: Working Directory
• changing the locale: Setting the Locale
• changing the size of a block (malloc): Changing Block Size
• changing the size of a block (obstacks): Growing Objects
• channels: Stream/Descriptor Precautions
• character case conversion: Case Conversion
• character predicates: Classification of Characters
• character testing: Classification of Characters
• checking for pending signals: Checking for Pending Signals
• child process: Process Creation Concepts, Processes, Processor Time
• child process signal: Job Control Signals
• chunks: Obstack Chunks
• classes, floating-point: Floating Point Classes
• classification of characters: Classification of Characters
• cleaning up a stream: Linked Channels
• clearing terminal input queue: Line Control
• client: Connections
• clock ticks: Processor And CPU Time
• clock, high accuracy: High Accuracy Clock
• close-on-exec (file descriptor flag): Descriptor Flags
• closing a file descriptor: Opening and Closing Files
• closing a socket: Closing a Socket
• closing a stream: Closing Streams
• collating strings: Collation Functions
• combining locales: Choosing Locale
• command argument syntax: Argument Syntax
• command arguments, parsing: Parsing Program Arguments
• command line arguments: Program Arguments
• command substitution: Expansion Stages
• communication style (of a socket): Socket Concepts
• comparing strings and arrays: String/Array Comparison
• Comparison Function: Comparison Functions
• compiling: Configuring and compiling
• complex exponentiation functions: Exponents and Logarithms
• complex logarithm functions: Exponents and Logarithms
• complex numbers: Complex Numbers
• complex trigonometric functions: Trig Functions
• concatenating strings: Copying and Concatenation
• configurations, all supported: Supported Configurations
• configuring: Configuring and compiling
• conjugate complex numbers: Operations on Complex
• connecting a socket: Connecting
• connection: Connections
• consistency checking: Consistency Checking
• consistency checking, of heap: Heap Consistency Checking
• constants: Mathematical Constants, Memory Concepts
• continue signal: Job Control Signals
• control character: Classification of Wide Characters, Classification of Characters
• control operations on files: Control Operations
• controlling process: Controlling Terminal
• controlling terminal: Concepts of Job Control
• controlling terminal, access to: Access to the Terminal
• controlling terminal, determining: Identifying the Terminal
• controlling terminal, setting: Open-time Flags
• conversion specifications (printf): Formatted Output Basics
• conversion specifications (scanf): Formatted Input Basics
• converting byte order: Byte Order
• converting case of characters: Case Conversion
• converting file descriptor to stream: Descriptors and Streams
• converting floats to integers: Rounding Functions
• converting group ID to group name: Lookup Group
• converting group name to group ID: Lookup Group
• converting host address to name: Host Names
• converting host name to address: Host Names
• converting network name to network number: Networks Database
• converting network number to network name: Networks Database
• converting port number to service name: Services Database
• converting service name to port number: Services Database
• converting string to collation order: Collation Functions
• converting strings to numbers: Parsing of Numbers
• converting user ID to user name: Lookup User
• converting user name to user ID: Lookup User
• cookie, for custom stream: Streams and Cookies
• copy-on-write page fault: Locked Memory Details
• copying strings and arrays: Copying and Concatenation
• cpu priority: Priority
• CPU time: Processor Time, Processor And CPU Time, Time Basics
• create on open (file status flag): Open-time Flags
• creating a directory: Creating Directories
• creating a FIFO special file: FIFO Special Files
• creating a pipe: Creating a Pipe
• creating a pipe to a subprocess: Pipe to a Subprocess
• creating a process: Process Creation Concepts
• creating a socket: Creating a Socket
• creating a socket pair: Socket Pairs
• creating special files: Making Special Files
• cube root function: Exponents and Logarithms
• currency symbols: Currency Symbol
• current limit: Limits on Resources
• current working directory: Working Directory
• custom streams: Custom Streams
• customizing printf: Customizing Printf
• data loss on sockets: Socket Concepts
• databases: Name Service Switch
• datagram socket: Datagrams
• datagrams, transmitting: Sending Datagrams
• date: Time Basics
• Daylight Saving Time: Broken-down Time
• decimal digit character: Classification of Characters
• decimal-point separator: General Numeric
• declaration (compared to definition): Header Files
• declaring variadic functions: Calling Variadics
• decompose complex numbers: Operations on Complex
• default action (for a signal): Delivery of Signal
• default action for a signal: Basic Signal Handling
• default argument promotions: Calling Variadics
• default value, and NSS: Notes on NSS Configuration File
• defining new printf conversions: Customizing Printf
• definition (compared to declaration): Header Files
• delayed suspend character: Signal Characters
• deleting a directory: Deleting Files
• deleting a file: Deleting Files
• delivery of signals: Delivery of Signal
• descriptors and streams: Stream/Descriptor Precautions
• digit character: Classification of Wide Characters, Classification of Characters
• directories, accessing: Accessing Directories
• directories, creating: Creating Directories
• directories, deleting: Deleting Files
• directory: Directories
• directory entry: Directories
• directory hierarchy: Working with Directory Trees
• directory stream: Accessing Directories
• disadvantages of alloca: Disadvantages of Alloca
• DISCARD character: Other Special
• division by zero: FP Exceptions
• DNS: Host Identification
• DNS server unavailable: Actions in the NSS configuration
• domain (of socket): Socket Concepts
• domain error: Math Error Reporting
• domain name: Host Identification
• Domain Name System: Host Identification
• dot notation, for Internet addresses: Abstract Host Addresses
• DSUSP character: Signal Characters
• duplicating file descriptors: Duplicating Descriptors
• dynamic memory allocation: Memory Allocation and C
• EBCDIC: Extended Char Intro
• echo of terminal input: Local Modes
• effective group ID: Process Persona
• effective user ID: Process Persona
• efficiency and malloc: Efficiency and Malloc
• efficiency and obstacks: Extra Fast Growing
• efficiency of chunks: Obstack Chunks
• EINTR, and restarting interrupted primitives: Interrupted Primitives
• elapsed time: Elapsed Time, Time Basics
• encryption: Trivial Encryption
• end of file, on a stream: EOF and Errors
• end-of-file, on a file descriptor: I/O Primitives
• environment: Environment Variables
• environment access: Environment Access
• environment representation: Environment Access
• environment variable: Environment Variables
• environment vectors, null-character separated: Argz and Envz Vectors
• envz vectors (environment vectors): Argz and Envz Vectors
• EOF character: Editing Characters
• EOL character: Editing Characters
• EOL2 character: Editing Characters
• epoch: Simple Calendar Time
• ERASE character: Editing Characters
• errno: System Calls
• error codes: Error Reporting
• error messages, in argp: Argp Helper Functions
• error reporting: Error Reporting
• errors, mathematical: Math Error Reporting
• establishing a handler: Signal Actions
• ethers: NSS Basics
• EUC: Extended Char Intro
• EUC-JP: glibc iconv Implementation
• exception: Program Error Signals, FP Exceptions
• exclusive lock: File Locks
• exec functions: Executing a File
• execing a program: Memory Concepts
• executable: Memory Concepts
• executing a file: Executing a File
• exit status: Exit Status
• exit status value: Program Termination
• exiting a program: Memory Concepts
• expansion of shell words: Word Expansion
• exponent (of floating point number): Floating Point Concepts
• exponentiation functions: Exponents and Logarithms
• extending printf: Customizing Printf
• extracting file descriptor from stream: Descriptors and Streams
• fcntl function: Control Operations
• FDL, GNU Free Documentation License: Documentation License
• feature test macros: Feature Test Macros
• field splitting: Expansion Stages
• FIFO special file: Pipes and FIFOs
• file access permission: Access Permission
• file access time: File Times
• file attribute modification time: File Times
• file attributes: Attribute Meanings
• file creation mask: Setting Permissions
• file descriptor flags: Descriptor Flags
• file descriptor sets, for select: Waiting for I/O
• file descriptors, standard: Descriptors and Streams
• file locks: File Locks
• file modification time: File Times
• file name: File Names
• file name component: Directories
• file name errors: File Name Errors
• file name resolution: File Name Resolution
• file name translation flags: Open-time Flags
• file names, multiple: Hard Links
• file owner: File Owner
• file permission bits: Permission Bits
• file pointer: Streams
• file position: File Position
• file positioning on a file descriptor: File Position Primitive
• file positioning on a stream: File Positioning
• file status flags: File Status Flags
• files, accessing: Memory Concepts
• filtering i/o through subprocess: Pipe to a Subprocess
• flag character (printf): Output Conversion Syntax
• flag character (scanf): Input Conversion Syntax
• flags for sigaction: Flags for Sigaction
• flags, file name translation: Open-time Flags
• flags, open-time action: Open-time Flags
• floating point: Floating Point Numbers
• floating point, IEEE: IEEE Floating Point
• floating type measurements: Floating Type Macros
• floating-point classes: Floating Point Classes
• floating-point exception: Program Error Signals
• flow control, terminal: Line Control
• flushing a stream: Flushing Buffers
• flushing terminal output queue: Line Control
• foreground job: Concepts of Job Control
• foreground job, launching: Foreground and Background
• forking a process: Process Creation Concepts
• format string, for printf: Formatted Output
• format string, for scanf: Formatted Input
• formatted input from a stream: Formatted Input
• formatted messages: Formatted Messages
• formatted output to a stream: Formatted Output
• FP arithmetic: FP Bit Twiddling
• FQDN: Host Identification
• frame, real memory: Memory Concepts
• free documentation: Free Manuals
• freeing (obstacks): Freeing Obstack Objects
• freeing memory: Memory Concepts
• freeing memory allocated with malloc: Freeing after Malloc
• fully buffered stream: Buffering Concepts
• function prototypes (variadic): Variadic Prototypes
• gamma function: Special Functions
• gcvt_r: System V Number Conversion
• gencat: The gencat program
• generation of signals: Signal Generation
• generic i/o control operations: IOCTLs
• globbing: Globbing
• graphic character: Classification of Wide Characters, Classification of Characters
• Gregorian calendar: Calendar Time
• group: NSS Basics
• group database: Group Database
• group ID: User and Group IDs
• group name: User and Group IDs
• group owner of a file: File Owner
• grouping of digits: General Numeric
• growing objects (in obstacks): Growing Objects
• handling multiple signals: Merged Signals
• hangup signal: Termination Signals
• hard limit: Limits on Resources
• hard link: Hard Links
• header files: Header Files
• heap consistency checking: Heap Consistency Checking
• heap, dynamic allocation from: Unconstrained Allocation
• heap, freeing memory from: Freeing after Malloc
• hexadecimal digit character: Classification of Wide Characters, Classification of Characters
• hidden bit (of floating point number mantissa): Floating Point Concepts
• hierarchy, directory: Working with Directory Trees
• high-priority data: Out-of-Band Data
• high-resolution time: Calendar Time
• holes in files: File Position Primitive
• home directory: Standard Environment
• HOME environment variable: Standard Environment
• hook functions (of custom streams): Hook Functions
• host address, Internet: Abstract Host Addresses
• host name: Host Identification
• hostname: Host Identification
• hosts: NSS Basics
• hosts database: Host Names
• how many arguments: How Many Arguments
• hyperbolic functions: Hyperbolic Functions
• identifying terminals: Is It a Terminal
• IEEE 754: Floating Point Numbers
• IEEE floating point: Floating Point Numbers
• IEEE floating point representation: IEEE Floating Point
• IEEE Std 1003.1: POSIX
• IEEE Std 1003.2: POSIX
• ignore action for a signal: Basic Signal Handling
• illegal instruction: Program Error Signals
• impossible events: Consistency Checking
• independent channels: Independent Channels
• inexact exception: FP Exceptions
• infinity: Infinity and NaN
• initial signal actions: Initial Signal Actions
• inode number: Attribute Meanings
• input available signal: Asynchronous I/O Signals
• input conversions, for scanf: Table of Input Conversions
• input from multiple files: Waiting for I/O
• installation tools: Tools for Compilation
• installing: Running make install
• integer: Integers
• integer division functions: Integer Division
• integer type range: Range of Type
• integer type width: Width of Type
• interactive signals, from terminal: Local Modes
• interactive stop signal: Job Control Signals
• internal representation: Extended Char Intro
• internationalization: Locales
• Internet host address: Abstract Host Addresses
• Internet namespace, for sockets: Internet Namespace
• interprocess communication, with FIFO: FIFO Special Files
• interprocess communication, with pipes: Creating a Pipe
• interprocess communication, with signals: Kill Example
• interprocess communication, with sockets: Sockets
• interrupt character: Signal Characters
• interrupt signal: Termination Signals
• interrupt-driven input: Interrupt Input
• interrupting primitives: Interrupted Primitives
• interval: Time Basics
• interval timer, setting: Setting an Alarm
• INTR character: Signal Characters
• invalid exception: FP Exceptions
• inverse complex hyperbolic functions: Hyperbolic Functions
• inverse complex trigonometric functions: Inverse Trig Functions
• inverse hyperbolic functions: Hyperbolic Functions
• inverse trigonometric functions: Inverse Trig Functions
• invocation of program: Program Arguments
• IOCTLs: IOCTLs
• ISO 10646: Extended Char Intro
• ISO 2022: Extended Char Intro
• ISO 6937: Extended Char Intro
• ISO C: ISO C
• ISO-2022-JP: glibc iconv Implementation
• ISO/IEC 9945-1: POSIX
• ISO/IEC 9945-2: POSIX
• job: Job Control
• job control: Job Control
• job control functions: Functions for Job Control
• job control is optional: Job Control is Optional
• job control signals: Job Control Signals
• job control, enabling: Initializing the Shell
• Kermit the frog: Search/Sort Example
• kernel call: System Calls
• kernel header files: Linux
• KILL character: Editing Characters
• kill signal: Termination Signals
• killing a process: Signaling Another Process
• Korn Shell: Wildcard Matching
• LANG environment variable: Standard Environment
• LANG environment variable: The catgets Functions
• launching jobs: Launching Jobs
• LC_ALL environment variable: Standard Environment
• LC_ALL environment variable: The catgets Functions
• LC_COLLATE environment variable: Standard Environment
• LC_CTYPE environment variable: Standard Environment
• LC_MESSAGES environment variable: Standard Environment
• LC_MESSAGES environment variable: The catgets Functions
• LC_MONETARY environment variable: Standard Environment
• LC_NUMERIC environment variable: Standard Environment
• LC_TIME environment variable: Standard Environment
• leap second: Broken-down Time
• length of string: Representation of Strings
• level, for socket options: Socket Options
• LGPL, Lesser General Public License: Copying
• library: Introduction
• limit: Limits on Resources
• limits on resource usage: Limits on Resources
• limits, file name length: Limits for Files
• limits, floating types: Floating Type Macros
• limits, integer types: Range of Type
• limits, link count of files: Limits for Files
• limits, number of open files: General Limits
• limits, number of processes: General Limits
• limits, number of supplementary group IDs: General Limits
• limits, pipe buffer size: Limits for Files
• limits, POSIX: General Limits
• limits, program argument size: General Limits
• limits, terminal input queue: Limits for Files
• limits, time zone name length: General Limits
• line buffered stream: Buffering Concepts
• line speed: Line Speed
• lines (in a text file): Binary Streams
• link: Directories
• link, hard: Hard Links
• link, soft: Symbolic Links
• link, symbolic: Symbolic Links
• linked channels: Linked Channels
• listening (sockets): Listening
• literals: Memory Concepts
• little-endian: Byte Order
• LNEXT character: Other Special
• load average: Processor Resources
• local namespace, for sockets: Local Namespace
• local network address number: Abstract Host Addresses
• local time: Calendar Time
• locale categories: Locale Categories
• locale, changing: Setting the Locale
• locales: Locales
• locking pages: Locking Pages
• logarithm functions: Exponents and Logarithms
• login name: User and Group IDs
• login name, determining: Who Logged In
• LOGNAME environment variable: Standard Environment
• long jumps: Non-Local Exits
• long-named options: Argument Syntax
• longjmp: Advantages of Alloca
• loss of data on sockets: Socket Concepts
• lost resource signal: Operation Error Signals
• lower-case character: Classification of Wide Characters, Classification of Characters
• macros: Obstack Functions
• main function: Program Arguments
• malloc debugger: Allocation Debugging
• malloc function: Unconstrained Allocation
• mantissa (of floating point number): Floating Point Concepts
• matching failure, in scanf: Formatted Input Basics
• math errors: Errors in Math Functions
• mathematical constants: Mathematical Constants
• maximum: Misc FP Arithmetic
• maximum field width (scanf): Input Conversion Syntax
• maximum limit: Limits on Resources
• maximum possible integer: Integers
• measurements of floating types: Floating Type Macros
• memory allocation: Memory
• memory lock: Locking Pages
• memory mapped file: Memory Concepts
• memory mapped I/O: Memory Concepts
• memory page: Memory Subsystem
• merging of signals: Merged Signals
• MIN termios slot: Noncanonical Input
• minimum: Misc FP Arithmetic
• minimum field width (printf): Output Conversion Syntax
• minimum possible integer: Integers
• mixing descriptors and streams: Stream/Descriptor Precautions
• modem disconnect: Control Modes
• modem status lines: Control Modes
• monetary value formatting: The Lame Way to Locale Data
• multi-threaded application: Streams and Threads
• multibyte character: Extended Char Intro
• multibyte character string: Representation of Strings
• multibyte string: Representation of Strings
• multiple names for one file: Hard Links
• multiplexing input: Waiting for I/O
• multiply-add: Misc FP Arithmetic
• name of running program: Error Messages
• name of socket: Socket Addresses
• Name Service Switch: Name Service Switch
• name space: Reserved Names
• names of signals: Standard Signals
• namespace (of socket): Socket Concepts
• NaN: FP Bit Twiddling, Infinity and NaN
• Netgroup: Netgroup Data
• netgroup: NSS Basics
• network byte order: Byte Order
• network number: Abstract Host Addresses
• network protocol: Socket Concepts
• networks: NSS Basics
• networks database: Networks Database
• NIS: Host Identification
• NIS domain name: Host Identification
• nisplus, and booting: Actions in the NSS configuration
• nisplus, and completeness: Actions in the NSS configuration
• NLSPATH environment variable: Standard Environment
• NLSPATH environment variable: The catgets Functions
• non-blocking open: Open-time Flags
• non-local exit, from signal handler: Longjmp in Handler
• non-local exits: Non-Local Exits
• noncanonical input processing: Canonical or Not
• normalization functions (floating-point): Normalization Functions
• normalized floating point number: Floating Point Concepts
• not a number: Infinity and NaN
• NSS: Name Service Switch
• nsswitch.conf: NSS Configuration File
• null character: Representation of Strings
• null pointer constant: Null Pointer Constant
• null wide character: Representation of Strings
• number of arguments passed: How Many Arguments
• number syntax, parsing: Parsing of Numbers
• numeric value formatting: The Lame Way to Locale Data
• obstack status: Status of an Obstack
• obstacks: Obstacks
• open-time action flags: Open-time Flags
• opening a file: I/O Concepts
• opening a file descriptor: Opening and Closing Files
• opening a pipe: Creating a Pipe
• opening a pseudo-terminal pair: Pseudo-Terminal Pairs
• opening a socket: Creating a Socket
• opening a socket pair: Socket Pairs
• opening a stream: Opening Streams
• Optimization: FP Function Optimizations
• optimizing NSS: Notes on NSS Configuration File
• option parsing with argp: Argp
• optional arguments: Variadic Functions
• optional POSIX features: System Options
• orientation, stream: Streams and I18N, Opening Streams
• orphaned process group: Orphaned Process Groups
• out-of-band data: Out-of-Band Data
• output conversions, for printf: Table of Output Conversions
• output possible signal: Asynchronous I/O Signals
• overflow exception: FP Exceptions
• owner of a file: File Owner
• packet: Socket Concepts
• page boundary: Aligned Memory Blocks
• page fault: Memory Concepts
• page fault, copy-on-write: Locked Memory Details
• page frame: Memory Concepts
• page, memory: Memory Subsystem
• page, virtual memory: Memory Concepts
• paging: Locking Pages, Memory Concepts
• parameter promotion: String/Array Conventions
• parent directory: File Name Resolution
• parent process: Process Creation Concepts, Processes
• parity checking: Input Modes
• parsing a template string: Parsing a Template String
• parsing numbers (in formatted input): Parsing of Numbers
• parsing program arguments: Parsing Program Arguments
• parsing tokens from a string: Finding Tokens in a String
• passwd: NSS Basics
• password database: User Database
• PATH environment variable: Standard Environment
• pause function: Waiting for a Signal
• peeking at input: Unreading
• pending signals: Delivery of Signal
• pending signals, checking for: Checking for Pending Signals
• period of time: Time Basics
• permission to access a file: Access Permission
• persona: Process Persona
• physical address: Memory Subsystem
• physical memory: Memory Subsystem
• pi (trigonometric constant): Trig Functions
• pipe: Pipes and FIFOs
• pipe signal: Operation Error Signals
• pipe to a subprocess: Pipe to a Subprocess
• port number: Ports
• positioning a file descriptor: File Position Primitive
• positioning a stream: File Positioning
• positive difference: Misc FP Arithmetic
• POSIX: POSIX
• POSIX capacity limits: General Limits
• POSIX optional features: System Options
• POSIX.1: POSIX
• POSIX.2: POSIX
• power functions: Exponents and Logarithms
• precision (of floating point number): Floating Point Concepts
• precision (printf): Output Conversion Syntax
• predicates on arrays: String/Array Comparison
• predicates on characters: Classification of Characters
• predicates on strings: String/Array Comparison
• preemptive scheduling: Absolute Priority
• primitives, interrupting: Interrupted Primitives
• printing character: Classification of Wide Characters, Classification of Characters
• priority of a process: Priority
• priority, absolute: Absolute Priority
• process: Processes, Program Basics
• process completion: Process Completion
• process group functions: Functions for Job Control
• process group ID: Launching Jobs
• process group leader: Launching Jobs
• process groups: Job Control
• process ID: Process Creation Concepts
• process image: Process Creation Concepts
• process lifetime: Process Creation Concepts
• process priority: Priority
• process signal mask: Process Signal Mask
• process termination: Program Termination
• processor time: Processor Time, Time Basics
• profiling alarm signal: Alarm Signals
• profiling timer: Setting an Alarm
• program: Program Basics
• program argument syntax: Argument Syntax
• program arguments: Program Arguments
• program arguments, parsing: Parsing Program Arguments
• program error signals: Program Error Signals
• program name: Error Messages
• program startup: Program Arguments
• program termination: Program Termination
• program termination signals: Termination Signals
• programming your own streams: Custom Streams
• project complex numbers: Operations on Complex
• protocol (of socket): Socket Concepts
• protocol family: Socket Concepts
• protocols: NSS Basics
• protocols database: Protocols Database
• prototypes for variadic functions: Variadic Prototypes
• pseudo-random numbers: Pseudo-Random Numbers
• pseudo-terminals: Pseudo-Terminals
• punctuation character: Classification of Wide Characters, Classification of Characters
• pushing input back: Unreading
• quick sort function (for arrays): Array Sort Function
• QUIT character: Signal Characters
• quit signal: Termination Signals
• quote removal: Expansion Stages
• race conditions, relating to job control: Launching Jobs
• race conditions, relating to signals: Signals in Handler
• radix (of floating point number): Floating Point Concepts
• raising signals: Generating Signals
• random numbers: Pseudo-Random Numbers
• random-access files: File Position
• range error: Math Error Reporting
• range of integer type: Range of Type
• read lock: File Locks
• reading from a directory: Accessing Directories
• reading from a file descriptor: I/O Primitives
• reading from a socket: Transferring Data
• reading from a stream, by blocks: Block Input/Output
• reading from a stream, by characters: Character Input
• reading from a stream, formatted: Formatted Input
• ready to run: Absolute Priority
• real group ID: Process Persona
• real user ID: Process Persona
• real-time timer: Setting an Alarm
• realtime CPU scheduling: Absolute Priority
• realtime processing: Why Lock Pages
• realtime scheduling: Realtime Scheduling
• receiving datagrams: Receiving Datagrams
• record locking: File Locks
• redirecting input and output: Duplicating Descriptors
• reentrant functions: Nonreentrancy
• reentrant NSS functions: NSS Module Names
• relative file name: File Name Resolution
• removal of quotes: Expansion Stages
• removing a file: Deleting Files
• removing macros that shadow functions: Macro Definitions
• renaming a file: Renaming Files
• reporting bugs: Reporting Bugs
• reporting errors: Error Reporting
• REPRINT character: Editing Characters
• reserved names: Reserved Names
• resource limits: Limits on Resources
• restarting interrupted primitives: Interrupted Primitives
• restrictions on signal handler functions: Nonreentrancy
• root directory: File Name Resolution
• Rot13: Trivial Encryption
• rpc: NSS Basics
• runnable process: Absolute Priority
• running a command: Running a Command
• saved set-group-ID: How Change Persona
• saved set-user-ID: How Change Persona
• scanning the group list: Scanning All Groups
• scanning the user list: Scanning All Users
• scatter-gather: Scatter-Gather
• scheduling, traditional: Traditional Scheduling
• search function (for arrays): Array Search Function
• search functions (for strings): Search Functions
• seed (for random numbers): Pseudo-Random Numbers
• seeking on a file descriptor: File Position Primitive
• seeking on a stream: File Positioning
• segmentation violation: Program Error Signals
• sending a datagram: Sending Datagrams
• sending signals: Generating Signals
• sequential-access files: File Position
• server: Connections
• services: NSS Basics
• services database: Services Database
• session: Concepts of Job Control, Job Control
• session leader: Concepts of Job Control
• setting an alarm: Setting an Alarm
• setuid programs: How Change Persona
• setuid programs and file access: Testing File Access
• severity class: Adding Severity Classes, Printing Formatted Messages
• sgettext: GUI program problems
• shadow: NSS Basics
• shadowing functions with macros: Macro Definitions
• shared lock: File Locks
• shared memory: Memory Subsystem
• shell: Concepts of Job Control
• shift state: Keeping the state
• Shift_JIS: Extended Char Intro
• shrinking objects: Growing Objects
• shutting down a socket: Closing a Socket
• sigaction flags: Flags for Sigaction
• sigaction function: Advanced Signal Handling
• SIGCHLD, handling of: Stopped and Terminated Jobs
• sign (of floating point number): Floating Point Concepts
• signal: Signal Handling, FP Exceptions
• signal action: Delivery of Signal
• signal actions: Signal Actions
• signal flags: Flags for Sigaction
• signal function: Basic Signal Handling
• signal handler function: Defining Handlers
• signal mask: Process Signal Mask
• signal messages: Signal Messages
• signal names: Standard Signals
• signal number: Standard Signals
• signal set: Signal Sets
• signals, generating: Generating Signals
• signedness: Integers
• significand (of floating point number): Floating Point Concepts
• SIGTTIN, from background job: Access to the Terminal
• SIGTTOU, from background job: Access to the Terminal
• simple time: Calendar Time
• single-byte string: Representation of Strings
• size of string: Representation of Strings
• SJIS: Extended Char Intro
• socket: Sockets
• socket address (name) binding: Socket Addresses
• socket domain: Socket Concepts
• socket namespace: Socket Concepts
• socket option level: Socket Options
• socket options: Socket Options
• socket pair: Socket Pairs
• socket protocol: Socket Concepts
• socket shutdown: Closing a Socket
• socket, client actions: Connecting
• socket, closing: Closing a Socket
• socket, connecting: Connecting
• socket, creating: Creating a Socket
• socket, initiating a connection: Connecting
• sockets, accepting connections: Accepting Connections
• sockets, listening: Listening
• sockets, server actions: Listening
• soft limit: Limits on Resources
• soft link: Symbolic Links
• sort function (for arrays): Array Sort Function
• sparse files: File Position Primitive
• special files: Making Special Files
• special functions: Special Functions
• specified action (for a signal): Delivery of Signal
• speed of execution: Why Lock Pages
• square root function: Exponents and Logarithms
• stable sorting: Array Sort Function
• standard dot notation, for Internet addresses: Abstract Host Addresses
• standard environment variables: Standard Environment
• standard error file descriptor: Descriptors and Streams
• standard error stream: Standard Streams
• standard file descriptors: Descriptors and Streams
• standard input file descriptor: Descriptors and Streams
• standard input stream: Standard Streams
• standard output file descriptor: Descriptors and Streams
• standard output stream: Standard Streams
• standard streams: Standard Streams
• standards: Standards and Portability
• START character: Start/Stop Characters
• startup of program: Program Arguments
• stateful: glibc iconv Implementation, iconv Examples, Generic Conversion Interface, Converting Strings, Converting a Character, Keeping the state
• static memory allocation: Memory Allocation and C
• static storage class: Memory Allocation and C
• STATUS character: Other Special
• status codes: Error Reporting
• status of a file: Attribute Meanings
• status of obstack: Status of an Obstack
• sticky bit: Permission Bits
• STOP character: Start/Stop Characters
• stop signal: Job Control Signals
• stopped job: Concepts of Job Control
• stopped jobs, continuing: Continuing Stopped Jobs
• stopped jobs, detecting: Stopped and Terminated Jobs
• storage allocation: Memory
• stream (sockets): Socket Concepts
• stream orientation: Streams and I18N, Opening Streams
• stream, for I/O to a string: String Streams
• streams and descriptors: Stream/Descriptor Precautions
• streams, and file descriptors: Descriptors and Streams
• streams, C++: Streams and I18N
• streams, standard: Standard Streams
• string: Representation of Strings
• string allocation: Representation of Strings
• string collation functions: Collation Functions
• string comparison functions: String/Array Comparison
• string concatenation functions: Copying and Concatenation
• string copy functions: Copying and Concatenation
• string length: Representation of Strings
• string literal: Representation of Strings
• string search functions: Search Functions
• string stream: String Streams
• string vectors, null-character separated: Argz and Envz Vectors
• string, representation of: Representation of Strings
• style of communication (of a socket): Socket Concepts
• subshell: Initializing the Shell
• substitution of variables and commands: Expansion Stages
• successive signals: Merged Signals
• summer time: Broken-down Time
• SunOS: Berkeley Unix
• supplementary group IDs: Process Persona
• SUSP character: Signal Characters
• suspend character: Signal Characters
• SVID: SVID
• swap space: Memory Concepts
• symbolic link: Symbolic Links
• symbolic link, opening: Open-time Flags
• synchronizing: Synchronizing AIO Operations, Synchronizing I/O
• syntax error messages, in argp: Argp Helper Functions
• syntax, for program arguments: Argument Syntax
• syntax, for reading numbers: Parsing of Numbers
• sysconf: Processor Resources, Query Memory Parameters
• system call: System Calls
• system call number: System Calls
• System V Unix: SVID
• TCP (Internet protocol): Protocols Database
• template, for printf: Formatted Output
• template, for scanf: Formatted Input
• TERM environment variable: Standard Environment
• terminal flow control: Line Control
• terminal identification: Is It a Terminal
• terminal input queue: I/O Queues
• terminal input queue, clearing: Line Control
• terminal input signal: Job Control Signals
• terminal line control functions: Line Control
• terminal line speed: Line Speed
• terminal mode data types: Mode Data Types
• terminal mode functions: Mode Functions
• terminal modes, BSD: BSD Terminal Modes
• terminal output queue: I/O Queues
• terminal output queue, flushing: Line Control
• terminal output signal: Job Control Signals
• terminated jobs, detecting: Stopped and Terminated Jobs
• termination signal: Termination Signals
• testing access permission: Testing File Access
• testing exit status of child process: Process Completion
• text stream: Binary Streams
• thrashing: Memory Subsystem
• thread of control: Program Basics
• threads: Streams and Threads
• ticks, clock: Processor And CPU Time
• tilde expansion: Expansion Stages
• time: Time Basics
• TIME termios slot: Noncanonical Input
• time zone: TZ Variable
• time zone database: TZ Variable
• time, elapsed: Time Basics
• time, high precision: High Accuracy Clock
• timer, profiling: Setting an Alarm
• timer, real-time: Setting an Alarm
• timer, virtual: Setting an Alarm
• timers, setting: Setting an Alarm
• timespec: Elapsed Time
• timeval: Elapsed Time
• timing error in signal handling: Remembering a Signal
• TMPDIR environment variable: Temporary Files
• tokenizing strings: Finding Tokens in a String
• tools, for installing library: Tools for Compilation
• transmitting datagrams: Sending Datagrams
• tree, directory: Working with Directory Trees
• triangulation: glibc iconv Implementation
• trigonometric functions: Trig Functions
• type measurements, floating: Floating Type Macros
• type measurements, integer: Width of Type
• type modifier character (printf): Output Conversion Syntax
• type modifier character (scanf): Input Conversion Syntax
• typeahead buffer: I/O Queues
• TZ environment variable: Standard Environment
• UCS-2: Extended Char Intro
• UCS-4: Extended Char Intro
• ulps: Errors in Math Functions
• umask: Setting Permissions
• unbuffered stream: Buffering Concepts
• unconstrained memory allocation: Unconstrained Allocation
• undefining macros that shadow functions: Macro Definitions
• underflow exception: FP Exceptions
• Unicode: Extended Char Intro
• Unix, Berkeley: Berkeley Unix
• Unix, System V: SVID
• unlinking a file: Deleting Files
• unordered comparison: FP Comparison Functions
• unreading characters: Unreading
• upgrading from libc5: Linux
• upper-case character: Classification of Wide Characters, Classification of Characters
• urgent data signal: Asynchronous I/O Signals
• urgent socket condition: Out-of-Band Data
• usage limits: Limits on Resources
• usage messages, in argp: Argp Helper Functions
• user accounting database: User Accounting Database
• user database: User Database
• user ID: User and Group IDs
• user ID, determining: Who Logged In
• user name: User and Group IDs
• user signals: Miscellaneous Signals
• usual file name errors: File Name Errors
• UTF-16: Extended Char Intro
• UTF-7: Extended Char Intro
• UTF-8: Extended Char Intro
• va_copy: Copying and Concatenation
• variable number of arguments: Variadic Functions
• variable substitution: Expansion Stages
• variable-sized arrays: GNU C Variable-Size Arrays
• variadic function argument access: Receiving Arguments
• variadic function prototypes: Variadic Prototypes
• variadic functions: Variadic Functions
• variadic functions, calling: Calling Variadics
• virtual time alarm signal: Alarm Signals
• virtual timer: Setting an Alarm
• volatile declarations: Nonreentrancy
• waiting for a signal: Waiting for a Signal
• waiting for completion of child process: Process Completion
• waiting for input or output: Waiting for I/O
• WERASE character: Editing Characters
• whitespace character: Classification of Wide Characters, Classification of Characters
• wide character: Extended Char Intro
• wide character string: Representation of Strings
• width of integer type: Width of Type
• wildcard expansion: Expansion Stages
• wint_t: String/Array Conventions
• word expansion: Word Expansion
• working directory: Working Directory
• write lock: File Locks
• writing to a file descriptor: I/O Primitives
• writing to a socket: Transferring Data
• writing to a stream, by blocks: Block Input/Output
• writing to a stream, by characters: Simple Output
• writing to a stream, formatted: Formatted Output
• YP: Host Identification
• YP domain name: Host Identification
• zero divide: FP Exceptions