GNU Emacs Manual - Transforming File Names

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## Transforming File Names in Dired

Here are commands that alter file names in a systematic way:

`% u`
  Rename each of the selected files to an upper-case name (`dired-upcase`). If the old file names are ``Foo'` and ``bar'`, the new names are ``FOO'` and ``BAR'`.
`% l`
  Rename each of the selected files to a lower-case name (`dired-downcase`). If the old file names are ``Foo'` and ``bar'`, the new names are ``foo'` and ``bar'`.
`% R from `RET` to `RET``
`% C from `RET` to `RET``
`% H from `RET` to `RET``
`% S from `RET` to `RET``
  These four commands rename, copy, make hard links and make soft links, in each case computing the new name by regular-expression substitution from the name of the old file.

The four regular-expression substitution commands effectively perform a search-and-replace on the selected file names in the Dired buffer. They read two arguments: a regular expression from, and a substitution pattern to.

The commands match each "old" file name against the regular expression from, and then replace the matching part with to. You can use ``\&'` and ``\digit'` in to to refer to all or part of what the pattern matched in the old file name, as in `replace-regexp` (see section Regexp Replacement). If the regular expression matches more than once in a file name, only the first match is replaced.

For example, `% R ^.*$ `RET` x-\& `RET`` renames each selected file by prepending ``x-'` to its name. The inverse of this, removing ``x-'` from the front of each file name, is also possible: one method is `% R ^x-\(.*\)$ `RET` \1 `RET``; another is `% R ^x- `RET` `RET``. (Use ``^'` and ``$'` to anchor matches that should span the whole filename.)

Normally, the replacement process does not consider the files' directory names; it operates on the file name within the directory. If you specify a numeric argument of zero, then replacement affects the entire absolute file name including directory name.

Often you will want to select the set of files to operate on using the same regexp that you will use to operate on them. To do this, mark those files with `% m regexp `RET``, then use the same regular expression in the command to operate on the files. To make this easier, the `%` commands to operate on files use the last regular expression specified in any `%` command as a default.

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