GNU Emacs Manual - Shell Commands in Dired

Go to the first, previous, next, last section, table of contents.

## Shell Commands in Dired

The dired command `!` (`dired-do-shell-command`) reads a shell command string in the minibuffer and runs that shell command on all the specified files. You can specify the files to operate on in the usual ways for Dired commands (see section Operating on Files). There are two ways of applying a shell command to multiple files:

- If you use ``*'` in the shell command, then it runs just once, with the list of file names substituted for the ``*'`. The order of file names is the order of appearance in the Dired buffer. Thus, `! tar cf foo.tar * `RET`` runs `tar` on the entire list of file names, putting them into one tar file ``foo.tar'`.
- If the command string doesn't contain ``*'`, then it runs once for each file, with the file name added at the end. For example, `! uudecode `RET`` runs `uudecode` on each file.

What if you want to run the shell command once for each file but with the file name inserted in the middle? Or if you want to use the file names in a more complicated fashion? Use a shell loop. For example, this shell command would run `uuencode` on each of the specified files, writing the output into a corresponding ``.uu'` file:

    for file in *; do uuencode $file $file >$file.uu; done

The working directory for the shell command is the top-level directory of the Dired buffer.

The `!` command does not attempt to update the Dired buffer to show new or modified files, because it doesn't really understand shell commands, and does not know what files the shell command changed. Use the `g` command to update the Dired buffer (see section Updating the Dired Buffer).

Go to the first, previous, next, last section, table of contents.