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Modula-2 also makes available several built-in procedures and functions.
In describing these, the following metavariables are used:
- a
-
represents an
ARRAY
variable.
- c
-
represents a
CHAR
constant or variable.
- i
-
represents a variable or constant of integral type.
- m
-
represents an identifier that belongs to a set. Generally used in the
same function with the metavariable s. The type of s should
be
SET OF mtype
(where mtype is the type of m).
- n
-
represents a variable or constant of integral or floating-point type.
- r
-
represents a variable or constant of floating-point type.
- t
-
represents a type.
- v
-
represents a variable.
- x
-
represents a variable or constant of one of many types. See the
explanation of the function for details.
All Modula-2 built-in procedures also return a result, described below.
ABS(n)
-
Returns the absolute value of n.
CAP(c)
-
If c is a lower case letter, it returns its upper case
equivalent, otherwise it returns its argument.
CHR(i)
-
Returns the character whose ordinal value is i.
DEC(v)
-
Decrements the value in the variable v by one. Returns the new value.
DEC(v,i)
-
Decrements the value in the variable v by i. Returns the
new value.
EXCL(m,s)
-
Removes the element m from the set s. Returns the new
set.
FLOAT(i)
-
Returns the floating point equivalent of the integer i.
HIGH(a)
-
Returns the index of the last member of a.
INC(v)
-
Increments the value in the variable v by one. Returns the new value.
INC(v,i)
-
Increments the value in the variable v by i. Returns the
new value.
INCL(m,s)
-
Adds the element m to the set s if it is not already
there. Returns the new set.
MAX(t)
-
Returns the maximum value of the type t.
MIN(t)
-
Returns the minimum value of the type t.
ODD(i)
-
Returns boolean TRUE if i is an odd number.
ORD(x)
-
Returns the ordinal value of its argument. For example, the ordinal
value of a character is its ASCII value (on machines supporting the
ASCII character set). x must be of an ordered type, which include
integral, character and enumerated types.
SIZE(x)
-
Returns the size of its argument. x can be a variable or a type.
TRUNC(r)
-
Returns the integral part of r.
VAL(t,i)
-
Returns the member of the type t whose ordinal value is i.
Warning: Sets and their operations are not yet supported, so
GDB treats the use of procedures INCL
and EXCL
as
an error.
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