<-- Begin file 10 of 26: Letter J (Version 0.41) This file is part 10 of the GNU version of The Collaborative International Dictionary of English Also referred to as GCIDE * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * GCIDE is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. GCIDE is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this copy of GCIDE; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * This dictionary was derived from the Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary Version published 1913 by the C. & G. Merriam Co. Springfield, Mass. Under the direction of Noah Porter, D.D., LL.D. and from WordNet, a semantic network created by the Cognitive Science Department of Princeton University under the direction of Prof. George Miller and is being updated and supplemented by an open coalition of volunteer collaborators from around the world. This electronic dictionary is the starting point for an ongoing project to develop a modern on-line comprehensive encyclopedic dictionary, by the efforts of all individuals willing to help build a large and freely available knowledge base. Contributions of data, time, and effort are requested from any person willing to assist creation of a comprehensive and organized knowledge base for free access on the internet. Anyone willing to assist in any way in constructing such a knowledge base should contact: Patrick Cassidy pc@worldsoul.org 735 Belvidere Ave. Office: (908)668-5252 Plainfield, NJ 07062 (908) 561-3416 Last edit February 25, 1999. -->

J.
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J (j. J is the tenth letter of the English alphabet. It is a later variant form of the Roman letter I, used to express a consonantal sound, that is, originally, the sound of English y in yet. The forms J and I have, until a recent time, been classed together, and they have been used interchangeably.
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In medical prescriptions j is still used in place of i at the end of a number, as a Roman numeral; as, vj, xij.

J is etymologically most closely related to i, y, g; as in jot, iota; jest, gesture; join, jugular, yoke. See I.

J is a compound vocal consonant, nearly equivalent in sound to dzh. It is exactly the same as g in gem. See Guide to Pronunciation,
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Jaal" goat` (?). (Zo\'94l.) A species of wild goat (Capra Nubiana) found in the mountains of Abyssinia, Upper Egypt, and Arabia; -- called also beden, and jaela.
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Jab (j, v. t. [Cf. Job.] To thrust; to stab; to punch. See Job, v. t. [Scot. & Colloq. U. S.]
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Jab, n. A thrust or stab. [Scot. & Colloq. U. S.]
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Jab"ber (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jabbered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jabbering.] [Cf. Gibber, Gabble.] To talk rapidly, indistinctly, or unintelligibly; to utter gibberish or nonsense; to chatter. Swift.
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Jab"ber, v. t. To utter rapidly or indistinctly; to gabble; as, to jabber French. Addison.
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Jab"ber, n. Rapid or incoherent talk, with indistinct utterance; gibberish. Swift.
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Jab"ber*er (?), n. One who jabbers.
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Jab"ber*ing*ly, adv. In a jabbering manner.
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Jab"ber*ment (?), n. Jabber. [R.] Milton.
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Jab"ber*nowl` (?), n. Same as Jobbernowl.
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Jab"i*ru (?), n. [Braz. jabir\'a3, jabur\'a3.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several large wading birds of the genera Mycteria and Xenorhynchus, allied to the storks in form and habits.
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Mycteria Americana) is white, with the head and neck black and nearly bare of feathers. The East Indian and Australian (Xenorhynchus Australis) has the neck, head, and back covered with glossy, dark green feathers, changing on the head to purple. The African jabiru (Mycteria Senegalensis or Ephippiorhynchus, Senegalensis) has the neck, head, wing coverts, and tail, black, and is called also saddle-billed stork.
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Jab`o*ran"di (?), n. (Bot.) The native name of a South American rutaceous shrub (Pilocarpus pennatifolius). The leaves are used in medicine as an diaphoretic and sialogogue.
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Jab"o*rine (?), n. [From Jaborandi.] (Chem.) An alkaloid found in jaborandi leaves, from which it is extracted as a white amorphous substance. In its action it resembles atropine.
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\'d8Jab"ot (?), n. [F.] 1. Originally, a kind of ruffle worn by men on the bosom of the shirt.
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2. An arrangement of lace or tulle, looped ornamentally, and worn by women on the front of the dress.
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jaboticaba n. 1. A small evergreen tropical tree (Myrciaria cauliflora) native to Brazil and West Indies but introduced into southern U. S.; it is grown in Brazil for its edible tough-skinned purple grapelike fruit that grows all along the branches.
Syn. -- jaboticaba tree, Myrciaria cauliflora.
WordNet 1.5]

2. The tough-skinned purple grapelike tropical fruit of the jaboticaba tree (Myrciaria cauliflora), grown in Brazil.
WordNet 1.5]

Ja*cal" (h, n. [Amer. Sp., fr. Mex. xacalli.] In Mexico and the southwestern United States, a kind of plastered house or hut, usually made by planting poles or timber in the ground, filling in between them with screen work or wickerwork, and daubing one or both sides with mud or adobe mortar; also, this method of construction.
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

Jac"a*mar` (?), n. [F. jacamar, Braz. jacamarica; cf. Sp. jacamar.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of tropical American birds of the genus Galbula and allied genera. They are allied to the kingfishers, but climb on tree trunks like nuthatches, and feed upon insects. Their colors are often brilliant.
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Jac"a*na` (?), n. [Cf. Sp. jacania.] (Zo\'94l.) Any of several wading birds belonging to the genus Jacana and several allied genera, all of which have spurs on the wings. They are able to run about over floating water weeds by means of their very long, spreading toes. Called also surgeon bird.
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Jacana spinosa. The East Indian or pheasant jacana (Hydrophasianus chirurgus) is remarkable for having four very long, curved, middle tail feathers.
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Jac`a*ran"da (?), n. [Braz.; cf. Sp. & Pg. jacaranda.] (Bot.) (a) The native Brazilian name for certain leguminous trees, which produce the beautiful woods called king wood, tiger wood, and violet wood. (b) A genus of bignoniaceous Brazilian trees with showy trumpet-shaped flowers.
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Jac"a*re` (?), n. [Pg. jacar\'82; of Brazilian origin.] (Zo\'94l.) A cayman. See Yacare.
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Jac"chus (?), n. [NL., fr. L. Jacchus a mystic name of Bacchus, Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The common marmoset (Hapale vulgaris). Formerly, the name was also applied to other species of the same genus.
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Jac"co*net (?), n. See Jaconet.
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Ja"cent (?), a. [L. jacens, p. pr. of jacere to lie: cf. F. jacent.] Lying at length; as, the jacent posture. [R.] Sir H. Wotton.
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Ja"cinth (?), n. [F. jacinthe, L. hyacinthus. See Hyacinth.] See Hyacinth. Tennyson.
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Jack (j, n. [Pg. jaca, Malayalam, tsjaka.] (Bot.) A large tree, the Artocarpus integrifolia, common in the East Indies, closely allied to the breadfruit, from which it differs in having its leaves entire. The fruit is of great size, weighing from thirty to forty pounds, and through its soft fibrous matter are scattered the seeds, which are roasted and eaten. The wood is of a yellow color, fine grain, and rather heavy, and is much used in cabinetwork. It is also used for dyeing a brilliant yellow. [Written also jak.]
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Jack (j, n. [F. Jacques James, L. Jacobus, Gr. Ya 'aq Jacob; prop., seizing by the heel; hence, a supplanter. Cf. Jacobite, Jockey.]
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1. A familiar nickname of, or substitute for, John.
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You are John Rugby, and you are Jack Rugby. Shak.
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2. An impertinent or silly fellow; a simpleton; a boor; a clown; also, a servant; a rustic. \'bdJack fool.\'b8 Chaucer.
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Since every Jack became a gentleman,
Jack.
Shak.
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3. A popular colloquial name for a sailor; -- called also Jack tar, and Jack afloat.
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4. A mechanical contrivance, an auxiliary machine, or a subordinate part of a machine, rendering convenient service, and often supplying the place of a boy or attendant who was commonly called Jack; as: (a) A device to pull off boots. (b) A sawhorse or sawbuck. (c) A machine or contrivance for turning a spit; a smoke jack, or kitchen jack. (b) (Mining) A wooden wedge for separating rocks rent by blasting. (e) (Knitting Machine) A lever for depressing the sinkers which push the loops down on the needles. (f) (Warping Machine) A grating to separate and guide the threads; a heck box. (g) (Spinning) A machine for twisting the sliver as it leaves the carding machine. (h) A compact, portable machine for planing metal. (i) A machine for slicking or pebbling leather. (k) A system of gearing driven by a horse power, for multiplying speed. (l) A hood or other device placed over a chimney or vent pipe, to prevent a back draught. (m) In the harpsichord, an intermediate piece communicating the action of the key to the quill; -- called also hopper. (n) In hunting, the pan or frame holding the fuel of the torch used to attract game at night; also, the light itself. C. Hallock.
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5. A portable machine variously constructed, for exerting great pressure, or lifting or moving a heavy body such as an automobile through a small distance. It consists of a lever, screw, rack and pinion, hydraulic press, or any simple combination of mechanical powers, working in a compact pedestal or support and operated by a lever, crank, capstan bar, etc. The name is often given to a jackscrew, which is a kind of jack.
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6. The small bowl used as a mark in the game of bowls. Shak.
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Like an uninstructed bowler who thinks to attain the jack by delivering his bowl straight forward upon it. Sir W. Scott.
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7. The male of certain animals, as of the ass.
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8. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A young pike; a pickerel. (b) The jurel. (c) A large, California rock fish (Sebastodes paucispinus); -- called also boccaccio, and m\'82rou. (d) The wall-eyed pike.
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9. A drinking measure holding half a pint; also, one holding a quarter of a pint. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
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10. (Naut.) (a) A flag, containing only the union, without the fly, usually hoisted on a jack staff at the bowsprit cap; -- called also union jack. The American jack is a small blue flag, with a star for each State. (b) A bar of iron athwart ships at a topgallant masthead, to support a royal mast, and give spread to the royal shrouds; -- called also jack crosstree. R. H. Dana, Jr.
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<-- p. 795 -->

11. The knave of a suit of playing cards.

12. (pl.) A game played with small (metallic, with tetrahedrally oriented spikes) objects (the jacks(1950+), formerly jackstones) that are tossed, caught, picked up, and arranged on a horizontal surface in various patterns; in the modern American game, the movements are accompanied by tossing or bouncing a rubber ball on the horizontal surface supporting the jacks. same as jackstones.
PJC]

13. Money. [slang]
PJC]

14. Apple jack.
PJC]

15. Brandy.
PJC]

Jack is used adjectively in various senses. It sometimes designates something cut short or diminished in size; as, a jack timber; a jack rafter; a jack arch, etc.
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Jack arch, an arch of the thickness of one brick. -- Jack back (Brewing & Malt Vinegar Manuf.), a cistern which receives the wort. See under 1st Back. -- Jack block (Naut.), a block fixed in the topgallant or royal rigging, used for raising and lowering light masts and spars. -- Jack boots, boots reaching above the knee; -- worn in the 17 century by soldiers; afterwards by fishermen, etc.<-- see jack-booted --> -- Jack crosstree. (Naut.) See 10, b, above. -- Jack curlew (Zo\'94l.), the whimbrel. -- Jack frame. (Cotton Spinning) See 4 (g), above. -- Jack Frost, frost or cold weather personified as a mischievous person. -- Jack hare, a male hare. Cowper. -- Jack lamp, a lamp for still hunting and camp use. See def. 4 (n.), above. -- Jack plane, a joiner's plane used for coarse work. -- Jack post, one of the posts which support the crank shaft of a deep-well-boring apparatus. -- Jack pot (Poker Playing), the name given to the stakes, contributions to which are made by each player successively, till such a hand is turned as shall take the \'bdpot,\'b8 which is the sum total of all the bets. See also jackpot. -- Jack rabbit (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of large American hares, having very large ears and long legs. The California species (Lepus Californicus), and that of Texas and New Mexico (Lepus callotis), have the tail black above, and the ears black at the tip. They do not become white in winter. The more northern prairie hare (Lepus campestris) has the upper side of the tail white, and in winter its fur becomes nearly white. -- Jack rafter (Arch.), in England, one of the shorter rafters used in constructing a hip or valley roof; in the United States, any secondary roof timber, as the common rafters resting on purlins in a trussed roof; also, one of the pieces simulating extended rafters, used under the eaves in some styles of building. -- Jack salmon (Zo\'94l.), the wall-eyed pike, or glasseye. -- Jack sauce, an impudent fellow. [Colloq. & Obs.] -- Jack shaft (Mach.), the first intermediate shaft, in a factory or mill, which receives power, through belts or gearing, from a prime mover, and transmits it, by the same means, to other intermediate shafts or to a line shaft. -- Jack sinker (Knitting Mach.), a thin iron plate operated by the jack to depress the loop of thread between two needles. -- Jack snipe. (Zo\'94l.) See in the Vocabulary. -- Jack staff (Naut.), a staff fixed on the bowsprit cap, upon which the jack is hoisted. -- Jack timber (Arch.), any timber, as a rafter, rib, or studding, which, being intercepted, is shorter than the others. -- Jack towel, a towel hung on a roller for common use. -- Jack truss (Arch.), in a hip roof, a minor truss used where the roof has not its full section. -- Jack tree. (Bot.) See 1st Jack, n. -- Jack yard (Naut.), a short spar to extend a topsail beyond the gaff.
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Blue jack, blue vitriol; sulphate of copper. -- Hydraulic jack, a jack used for lifting, pulling, or forcing, consisting of a compact portable hydrostatic press, with its pump and a reservoir containing a supply of liquid, as oil. -- Jack-at-a-pinch. (a) One called upon to take the place of another in an emergency. (b) An itinerant parson who conducts an occasional service for a fee. -- Jack-at-all-trades, one who can turn his hand to any kind of work. -- Jack-by-the-hedge (Bot.), a plant of the genus Erysimum (E. alliaria, or Alliaria officinalis), which grows under hedges. It bears a white flower and has a taste not unlike garlic. Called also, in England, sauce-alone. Eng. Cyc. -- Jack-in-office, an insolent fellow in authority. Wolcott. -- Jack-in-the-bush (Bot.), a tropical shrub with red fruit (Cordia Cylindrostachya). -- Jack-in-the-green, a chimney sweep inclosed in a framework of boughs, carried in Mayday processions. -- Jack-of-the-buttery (Bot.), the stonecrop (Sedum acre). -- Jack-of-the-clock, a figure, usually of a man, on old clocks, which struck the time on the bell. -- Jack-on-both-sides, one who is or tries to be neutral. -- Jack-out-of-office, one who has been in office and is turned out. Shak. -- Jack the Giant Killer, the hero of a well-known nursery story. -- Yellow Jack (Naut.), the yellow fever; also, the quarantine flag. See Yellow flag, under Flag.
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Jack (?), n. [F. jaque, jacque, perh. from the proper name Jacques. Cf. Jacquerie.] A coarse and cheap medi\'91val coat of defense, esp. one made of leather.
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Their horsemen are with jacks for most part clad. Sir J. Harrington.
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Jack (?), n. [Named from its resemblance to a jack boot.] A pitcher or can of waxed leather; -- called also black jack. [Obs.] Dryden.
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Jack, v. i. To hunt game at night by means of a jack. See 2d Jack, n., 4, n.
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Jack, v. t. To move or lift, as a house, by means of a jack or jacks. See 2d Jack, n., 5. <-- = jack up -->
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Jack`-a-dan"dy (?), n. A little dandy; a little, foppish, impertinent fellow.
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Jack"al` (?), n. [Pers. shagh\'bel: cf. OF. jackal, F. chacal; cf. Skr. \'87\'f0g\'bela.]
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1. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of carnivorous animals inhabiting Africa and Asia, related to the dog and wolf. They are cowardly, nocturnal, and gregarious. They feed largely on carrion, and are noted for their piercing and dismal howling.
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Canis aureus) is yellowish gray, varied with brown on the shoulders, haunches, and legs. The common African species (C. anthus) is darker in color.
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2. One who does mean work for another's advantage, as jackals were once thought to kill game which lions appropriated. [Colloq.] Ld. Lytton.
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Jack"-a-lent (?), n. A small stuffed puppet to be pelted in Lent; hence, a simple fellow.
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Jack"a*napes (?), n. [For Jack o' (= of) apes; prop., a man who exhibits apes.] [Written also jackanape.]
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1. A monkey; an ape. Shak.
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2. A coxcomb; an impertinent or conceited fellow.
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A young upstart jackanapes. Arbuthnot.
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{ Jack`a*roo" (?), n. Also Jack`e*roo"}. [Jack + kangaroo.] A young man living as an apprentice on a sheep station, or otherwise engaged in acquainting himself with colonial life. [Colloq., Australia]
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

Jack`a*roo", v. i. To be a jackaroo; to pass one's time as a jackaroo. [Colloq., Australia]
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

Jack"ass` (?), n. [2d jack + ass.]
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1. The male ass; a donkey.
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2. A conceited dolt; a perverse blockhead; -- disparaging and offensive.
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Jackass bark (Naut.), a three-masted vessel, with only the foremast square-rigged; a barkentine. -- Jackass deer (Zo\'94l.), the koba. -- Jackass hare, Jackass rabbit (Zo\'94l.). See Jack rabbit, under 2d Jack, n. -- Jackass penguin (Zo\'94l.), any species of penguin of the genus Spheniscus, of which several are known. One species (S. demersus) inhabits the islands near the Cape of Good Hope; another (S. Magellanicus) is found at the Falkland Islands. They make a noise like the braying of an ass; -- hence the name. -- Laughing jackass. (Zo\'94l.) See under Laughing.
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jackboot n. 1. a man's high tasseled boot. [19th century]
Syn. -- Hessian boot, hessian, Wellington, Wellington boot.
WordNet 1.5]

2. A strong leather boot reaching up to or over the knee; it is worn mostly by soldiers.
PJC]

jackbooted n. Wearing jackboots; -- used especially as a metaphor for harshly repressive and militaristic; as, jackbooted government agents.
PJC]

jackboot tactics n. [from the jackboots worn as part of the uniform of police in certain totalitarian countries.] Harsh strongarm tactics; repressive, bullying and militaristic tactics like those used in authoritarian or totalitarian countries; -- used opprobriously, and often in hyperbolic exaggeration of police tactics in democratic countries.
PJC]

Jack"daw` (?), n. [Prob. 2d jack + daw, n.] (Zo\'94l.) See Daw, n.
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Jack*een" (?), n. A drunken, dissolute fellow. [Ireland] S. C. Hall.
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Jack"et (?), n. [F. jaquette, dim. of jaque. See 3d Jack, n.]
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1. A short upper garment, extending downward to the hips; a short coat without skirts.
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2. An outer covering for anything, esp. a covering of some nonconducting material such as wood or felt, used to prevent radiation of heat, as from a steam boiler, cylinder, pipe, etc.
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3. (Mil.) In ordnance, a strengthening band surrounding and re\'89nforcing the tube in which the charge is fired.
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4. A garment resembling a waistcoat lined with cork, to serve as a life preserver; -- called also cork jacket.
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Blue jacket. (Naut.) See under Blue. -- Steam jacket, a space filled with steam between an inner and an outer cylinder, or between a casing and a receptacle, as a kettle. -- To dust one's jacket, to give one a beating. [Colloq.]
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Jack"et, v. t. 1. To put a jacket on; to furnish, as a boiler, with a jacket.
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2. To thrash; to beat. [Low]
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Jack"et*ed, a. Wearing, or furnished with, a jacket.
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Jack"et*ing, n. The material of a jacket; as, nonconducting jacketing.
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jackhammer n. a hammer having a strong steel cutting blade, driven by compressed air in multiple rapid strokes, and used for cutting through pavement, concrete, or other hard substances.
Syn. -- air hammer, pneumatic hammer.
WordNet 1.5]

Jack-in-a-box. 1. (Bot.) A tropical tree (Hernandia sonora), which bears a drupe that rattles when dry in the inflated calyx.
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2. A child's toy, consisting of a box, out of which, when the lid is raised, a figure (usually a clown) springs; also called jack-in-the-box.
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3. (Mech.) An epicyclic train of bevel gears for transmitting rotary motion to two parts in such a manner that their relative rotation may be variable; applied to driving the wheels of tricycles, road locomotives, and to cotton machinery, etc.; an equation box; a jack frame; -- called also compensating gearing.
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4. A large wooden screw turning in a nut attached to the crosspiece of a rude press.
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jack-in-the-pulpit n. 1. A common American spring-flowering woodland herb (Aris\'91ma triphyllum) having sheathing leaves and an upright club-shaped spadix with overarching green and purple spathe producing scarlet berries; also called Indian turnip.
Syn. -- Indian turnip, wake-robin, Arisaema triphyllum, Arisaema atrorubens.
WordNet 1.5]

2. A common European arum (Arum maculatum) with lanceolate spathe and short purple spadix; it emerges in early spring and is a source of a sagolike starch called arum.
Syn. -- cuckoo-pint, cuckoopint, lords and ladies, lords-and-ladies, Arum maculatum.
WordNet 1.5]

Jack" Ketch" (?). [Perh. fr. Jack, the proper name + Prov. E. ketch a hangman, fr. ketch, for catch to seize; but see the citations below.] A public executioner, or hangman. [Eng.]
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The manor of Tyburn was formerly held by Richard Jaquett, where felons for a long time were executed; from whence we have Jack Ketch. Lloyd's MS., British Museum.
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[Monmouth] then accosted John Ketch, the executioner, a wretch who had butchered many brave and noble victims, and whose name has, during a century and a half, been vulgarly given to all who have succeeded him in his odious office. Macaulay.
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Jack"knife` (?), n. A large, strong clasp knife for the pocket; a pocket knife.
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jacklight n. A portable source of light, as an oil lantern or electric light, used as a lure for hunting at night.
Syn. -- jack.
WordNet 1.5]

jacklight v. t. to fish for or hunt with a jacklight.
Syn. -- jack.
WordNet 1.5]

Jack"man (?), n.; pl. Jackmen (.
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1. One wearing a jack; a horse soldier; a retainer. See 3d Jack, n.
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Christie . . . the laird's chief jackman. Sir W. Scott.
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2. A cream cheese. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.
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Jack"-o'-lan`tern, Jack"-with-a-lan`tern (?), n. 1. (Biol.) A large orange-colored luminescent mushroom, Clitocybe illudens, also classified as Omphalotus olearius. It is poisonous and is sometimes found on hardwood tree stumps. [wns=1]
Syn. -- jack-a-lantern, Clitocybe illudens.
WordNet 1.5 +PJC]

2. a pale light sometimes seen at night over marshy ground; an ignis fatuus; a will-o'-the-wisp. [wns=2]\'bd[Newspaper speculations] supplying so many more jack-o'-lanterns to the future historian.\'b8 Lowell.
Syn. -- friar's lantern, ignis fatuus, will-o'-the-wisp.
WordNet 1.5]

3. A lantern carved from a hollowed-out pumpkin, with holes cut in the rind and so shaped that when it is illuminated by a candle inside, the features of a human face, cat's face, etc. appear in a glowing yellow color. It is used mostly as a decoration at Halloween.
WordNet 1.5 +PJC]

Jackpot (?), n. 1. Same as jack pot. See under jack.
PJC]

2. Any larger-than-usual gambling prize formed by the accumulation of unwon bets.
PJC]

3. The highest gambling prize awarded in a gambling game in which smaller prizes are also awarded, especially such a prize on a slot machine.
PJC]

4. An unusually large success in an enterprise, either unexpected or unpredictable, esp. one providing a great financial benefit.
PJC]

hit the jackpot to receive an unexpectedly large (or the largest possible) benefit from an enterprise; as, after prospecting for years, he finally hit the jackpot when he discovered a silver lode.
PJC]

Jack"pud`ding (?), n. A merry-andrew; a buffoon. Milton.
1913 Webster]

Jack"saw` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The merganser.
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Jack"screw` (?), n. A jack in which a screw is used for lifting, or exerting pressure. See Illust. of 2d Jack, n., 5.
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Jack"slave` (?), n. A low servant; a mean fellow. Shak.
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Jack"smith` (?), n. A smith who makes jacks. See 2d Jack, 4, c. Dryden.
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Jack"snipe` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A small European snipe (Limnocryptes gallinula); -- called also judcock, jedcock, juddock, jed, and half snipe. (b) A small American sandpiper (Tringa maculata); -- called also pectoral sandpiper, and grass snipe.
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Jack"stay` (?), n. (Naut.) A rail of wood or iron stretching along a yard of a vessel, to which the sails are fastened.
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Jack"stone` (?), n. 1. One of the pebbles or pieces used in the game of jackstones.
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2. (pl.) A game played with five small stones or pieces of metal. See 6th Chuck. Also called jacks. See jack{12}, n.
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Jack"straw` (?), n. 1. An effigy stuffed with straw; a scarecrow; hence, a man without property or influence. Milton.
1913 Webster]

2. One of a set of straws of strips of ivory, bone, wood, etc., for playing a child's game, the jackstraws being thrown confusedly together on a table, to be gathered up singly by a hooked instrument, without touching or disturbing the rest of the pile. See Spilikin. A modern variation, called pick-up-sticks (U.S. 1940+), is played with thin wooden sticks of different colors, each color having different values for scoring; the sticks are dislodged from the pile with the hand or with one of the sticks.
1913 Webster +PJC]

jack"straws` (?), n. The game played with jackstraws{2}, which resembles pick-up-sticks.
PJC]

Jack"wood` (?), n. Wood of the jack (Artocarpus integrifolia), used in cabinetwork.
1913 Webster]

Jack"y (?), n.; pl. Jackies (#). Dim. or pet from Jack. Hence: (a) A landsman's nickname for a seaman, resented by the latter. (b) English gin. [Dial. Eng.]
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

Ja"cob (?), n. [Cf. F. Jacob. See 2d Jack.] A Hebrew patriarch (son of Isaac, and ancestor of the Jews), who in a vision saw a ladder reaching up to heaven (Gen. xxviii. 12); -- also called Israel.
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And Jacob said . . . with my staff I passed over this Jordan, and now I am become two bands. Gen. xxxii. 9, 10.
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Thy name shall be called no more Jacob, but Israel. Gen. xxxii. 28.
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Jacob's ladder. (a) (Bot.) A perennial herb of the genus Polemonium (P. c\'d2ruleum), having corymbs of drooping flowers, usually blue. Gray. (b) (Naut.) A rope ladder, with wooden steps, for going aloft. R. H. Dana, Jr. (c) (Naut.) A succession of short cracks in a defective spar. -- Jacob's membrane. See Retina. -- Jacob's staff. (a) A name given to many forms of staff or weapon, especially in the Middle Ages; a pilgrim's staff. [Obs.] Spenser. (b) (Surveying) See under Staff.
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Jac`o*b\'91"an lil"y (?). [See Jacobean.] (Bot.) A bulbous plant (Amaryllis, ) from Mexico. It bears a single, large, deep, red, lilylike flower. [Written also Jacobean.]

{ Ja*co"be*an (?; 277), Ja*co"bi*an (?), } a. [From L. Jacobus James. See 2d Jack.] Of or pertaining to James the First, of England, or of his reign or times; especially, pertaining to a style of architecture and decoration popular in the time of James I.; as, Jacobean writers. \'bdA Jacobean table.\'b8 C. L. Eastlake.
1913 Webster + WordNet 1.5]

Jacobean n. any distinguished personage during the reign of James I of England.
WordNet 1.5]

Jac"o*bin (?), n. [F. See 2d Jack, Jacobite.]
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1. (Eccl. Hist.) A Dominican friar; -- so named because, before the French Revolution, that order had a convent in the Rue St. Jacques, Paris.
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2. One of a society of violent agitators in France, during the revolution of 1789, who held secret meetings in the Jacobin convent in the Rue St. Jacques, Paris, and concerted measures to control the proceedings of the National Assembly. Hence: A plotter against an existing government; a turbulent demagogue.
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3. (Zo\'94l.) A fancy pigeon, in which the feathers of the neck form a hood, -- whence the name. The wings and tail are long, and the beak moderately short.
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Jac"o*bin, a. Same as Jacobinic.
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Jac"o*bine (?), n. A Jacobin.

{ Jac`o*bin"ic (?), Jac`o*bin"ic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to the Jacobins of France; revolutionary; of the nature of, or characterized by, Jacobinism. Burke. -- Jac`o*bin"ic*al*ly, adv.
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Jac"o*bin*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. Jacobinisme.] The principles of the Jacobins; violent and factious opposition to legitimate government.
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Under this new stimulus, Burn's previous Jacobitism passed towards the opposite, but not very distant, extreme of Jacobinism. J. C. Shairp.
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Jac"o*bin*ize` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jacobinized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jacobinizing (?).] [Cf. F. Jacobiniser.] To taint with, or convert to, Jacobinism.
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France was not then jacobinized. Burke.
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Jac"o*bite (?), n. [L. Jacobus James: cf. F. Jacobite. See 2d Jack.]
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1. (Eng. Hist.) A partisan or adherent of James the Second, after his abdication, or of his descendants, an opposer of the revolution in 1688 in favor of >William and Mary. Macaulay.
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2. (Eccl.) One of the sect of Syrian Monophysites. The sect is named after Jacob Barad\'91us, its leader in the sixth century.
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Jac"o*bite, a. Of or pertaining to the Jacobites.

{ Jac`o*bit"ic (?), Jac`o*bit"ic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to the Jacobites; characterized by Jacobitism. -- Jac`o*bit"ic*al*ly, adv.
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Jac"o*bit*ism` (?), n. The principles of the Jacobites. Mason.
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Ja*co"bus (?), n.; pl. Jacobuses (#). [See Jacobite.] An English gold coin, of the value of twenty-five shillings sterling, struck in the reign of James I.
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Jac"o*net (?), n. [F. jaconas.] A thin cotton fabric, between cambric and muslin, used for dresses, neckcloths, etc. [Written also jacconet.]
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Jac*quard" (?), a. Pertaining to, or invented by, Jacquard, a French mechanician, who died in 1834.
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Jacquard apparatus or Jacquard arrangement, a device applied to looms for weaving figured goods, consisting of mechanism controlled by a chain of variously perforated cards, which cause the warp threads to be lifted in the proper succession for producing the required figure. -- Jacquard card, one of the perforated cards of a Jacquard apparatus. -- Jacquard loom, a loom with Jacquard apparatus.
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\'d8Jacque"mi*not (?), n. A half-hardy, deep crimson rose of the remontant class; -- so named after General Jacqueminot, of France.
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\'d8Jacque`rie" (?), n. [F.] The name given to a revolt of French peasants against the nobles in 1358, the leader assuming the contemptuous title, Jacques Bonhomme, given by the nobles to the peasantry. Hence, any revolt of peasants.
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Jac"tan*cy (j, n. [L. jactantia, fr. jactans, p. pr. of jactare to throw, boast, freq. fr. jacere to throw; cf. F. jactance.] A boasting; a bragging. [Obs.]
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<-- p. 796 -->

Jac*ta"tion (j, n. [L. jactatio, fr. jactare: af. F. jactation. See Jactancy.] A throwing or tossing of the body; a shaking or agitation. Sir. W. Temple.
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Jac"ti*ta"tion (?), n. [L. jactitare to utter in public, from jactare. See Jactancy.]
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1. (Law) Vain boasting or assertions repeated to the prejudice of another's right; false claim. Mozley & W.
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2. (Med.) A frequent tossing or moving of the body; restlessness, as in delirium. Dunglison.
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Jactitation of marriage (Eng. Eccl. Law), a giving out or boasting by a party that he or she is married to another, whereby a common reputation of their matrimony may ensue. Blackstone.
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Jac"u*la*ble (?), a. Fit for throwing. [Obs.]
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Jac"u*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jaculated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jaculating.] [L. jaculatus, p. p. of jaculari. See Ejaculate.] To throw or cast, as a dart; to throw out; to emit.
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Jac`u*la"tion (?), n. [L. jaculatio.] The act of tossing, throwing, or hurling, as spears.
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Hurled to and fro with jaculation dire. Milton.
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Jac"u*la`tor (?), [L.] 1. One who throws or casts. [R.]
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2. (Zo\'94l.) The archer fish (Toxotes jaculator).
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Jac"u*la*to*ry (?), a. [L. jaculatorius: cf. F. jaculatoire.] Darting or throwing out suddenly; also, suddenly thrown out; uttered in short sentences; ejaculatory; as, jaculatory prayers. Smart.
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Jad"ding (?), n. (Mining) See Holing.
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Jade (j, n. [F., fr. Sp. jade, fr. piedra de ijada stone of the side, fr. ijada flank, side, pain in the side, the stone being so named because it was supposed to cure this pain. Sp. ijada is derived fr. L. ilia flanks. Cf. Iliac.] 1. (Min.) A stone, commonly of a pale to dark green color but sometimes whitish. It is very hard and compact, capable of fine polish, and is used for ornamental purposes and for implements, esp. in Eastern countries and among many early peoples.
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jade includes nephrite, a compact variety of tremolite with a specific gravity of 3, and also the mineral jadeite, a silicate of alumina and soda, with a specific gravity of 3.3. The latter is the more highly prized and includes the feitsui of the Chinese. The name has also been given to other tough green minerals capable of similar use.
1913 Webster]

2. A color resembling that of jade{1}; it varies from yellowish-green to bluish-green.
PJC]

Jade, n. [OE. jade; cf. Prov. E. yaud, Scot. yade, yad, yaud, Icel. jalda a mare.]
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1. A mean or tired horse; a worthless nag. Chaucer.
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Tired as a jade in overloaden cart. Sir P. Sidney.
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2. A disreputable or vicious woman; a wench; a quean; also, sometimes, a worthless man. Shak.
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She shines the first of battered jades. Swift.
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3. A young woman; -- generally so called in irony or slight contempt.
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A souple jade she was, and strang. Burns.
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Jade, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Jading.]
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1. To treat like a jade; to spurn. [Obs.] Shak.
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2. To make ridiculous and contemptible. [Obs.]
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I do now fool myself, to let imagination jade me. Shak.
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3. To exhaust by overdriving or long-continued labor of any kind; to tire, make dull, or wear out by severe or tedious tasks; to harass.
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The mind, once jaded by an attempt above its power, . . . checks at any vigorous undertaking ever after. Locke.

Syn. -- To fatigue; tire; weary; harass. -- To Jade, Fatigue, Tire, Weary. Fatigue is the generic term; tire denotes fatigue which wastes the strength; weary implies that a person is worn out by exertion; jade refers to the weariness created by a long and steady repetition of the same act or effort. A little exertion will tire a child or a weak person; a severe or protracted task wearies equally the body and the mind; the most powerful horse becomes jaded on a long journey by a continual straining of the same muscles. Wearied with labor of body or mind; tired of work, tired out by importunities; jaded by incessant attention to business.
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Jade, v. i. To become weary; to lose spirit.
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They . . . fail, and jade, and tire in the prosecution. South.
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jaded adj. 1. dulled by surfeit; as, the amoral, jaded, bored upper classes.
WordNet 1.5]

2. fatigued due to excess effort.
Syn. -- wearied.
WordNet 1.5]

my father's words had left me jaded and depressed William Styron
WordNet 1.5]

Jade"ite (?), n. (Min.) See Jade, the stone.
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Jad"er*y (?), n. The tricks of a jade.
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Jad"ish, a. 1. Vicious; ill-tempered; resembling a jade; -- applied to a horse.
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2. Unchaste; -- applied to a woman. L'Estrange.
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\'d8Jae"ger (?), n. See Jager.
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Jag (j, n. [Prob. of Celtic origin; cf. W. gag aperture, cleft, chink; akin to Ir. & Gael. gag.] [Written also jagg.]
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1. A notch; a cleft; a barb; a ragged or sharp protuberance; a denticulation.
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Arethuss arose . . .
jag.
Shelley.
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Garments thus beset with long jags. Holland.
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2. A part broken off; a fragment. Bp. Hacket.
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3. (Bot.) A cleft or division.
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4. A leather bag or wallet; pl., saddlebags. [Scot.]
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

5. Enough liquor to make a man noticeably drunk; a small \'bdload;\'b8 a time or case of drunkeness; -- esp. in phr. To have a jag on, to be drunk. [Slang, U. S. & Dial. Eng.]
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

Jag bolt, a bolt with a nicked or barbed shank which resists retraction, as when leaded into stone.
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Jag, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jagged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jagging (?).] To cut into notches or teeth like those of a saw; to notch. [Written also jagg.]
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Jagging iron, a wheel with a zigzag or jagged edge for cutting cakes or pastry into ornamental figures.
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Jag, n. [Scot. jag, jaug, a leather bag or wallet, a pocket. Cf. Jag a notch.] A small load, as of hay or grain in the straw, or of ore. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.] [Written also jagg.] Forby.
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Jag, v. t. To carry, as a load; as, to jag hay, etc. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.]

JAG, J.A.G, n. (Mil.) Same as Judge-Advocate General. [Acronym]
PJC]

{ Jag"an*nath (?), Jag`an*na"tha, \'d8Jag`a*nat"ha, (?), prop. n. Also Jug"ger*naut}. [Hind. Jagan-n\'beth lord of the world, Skr. jagann\'betha.] (Hinduism) A particular form of Vishnu, or of Krishna, whose chief idol and worship are at Puri, in Orissa. The idol is considered to contain the bones of Krishna and to possess a soul. The principal festivals are the Snanayatra, when the idol is bathed, and the Rathayatra, when the image is drawn upon a car adorned with obscene paintings. Formerly it was erroneously supposed that devotees allowed themselves to be crushed beneath the wheels of this car. It is now known that any death within the temple of Jagannath is considered to render the place unclean, and any spilling of blood in the presence of the idol is a pollution.
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

Ja"ger (?), n. [G. j\'84ger a hunter, a sportsman. Cf. Yager.] [Written also jaeger.] 1. (Mil.) A sharpshooter. See Yager.
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2. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of gull of the genus Stercorarius. Three species occur on the Atlantic coast. The jagers pursue other species of gulls and force them to disgorge their prey. The two middle tail feathers are usually decidedly longer than the rest. Called also boatswain, and marline-spike bird. The name is also applied to the skua, or Arctic gull (Megalestris skua).
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jagg (?), v. t. & n. See Jag.
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jaggary n. unrefined brown sugar made from palm sap. See jaggery.
Syn. -- jaggery, jagghery.
WordNet 1.5]

jag"ged (j, a. Having jags; having rough, sharp notches, protuberances, or teeth; cleft; laciniate; divided; as, jagged rocks. \'bd Jagged vine leaves' shade.\'b8 Trench. -- Jag"ged*ly, adv. -- Jag"ged*ness, n.
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jaggedness n. something irregular like a bump on or crack in a smooth surface.
WordNet 1.5]

Jag"ger (j, n. One who carries about a small load; a peddler. See 2d Jag. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.
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Jag"ger, n. [From 4th Jag.] One who, or that which, jags; specifically: (a) a jagging iron used for crimping pies, cakes, etc. (b) A toothed chisel. See Jag, v. t.
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Jagger spring, a spring beneath a seat, and resting on cleats or blocks in the body of a vehicle. Knight.
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Jag"ger*y (j, n. [Hind j\'begr\'c6. Cf. Sugar.] Raw palm sugar, made in the East Indies by evaporating the fresh juice of several kinds of palm trees, but specifically those of the palmyra (Borassus flabelliformis) and jaggery palm (Caryota urens). [Written also jagghery and jaggary.]
1913 Webster]

Jag"ger*y palm (?). An East Indian palm (Caryota urens) having leaves pinnate with wedge-shaped divisions, the petiole very stout. It is the principal source of jaggery, and is often cultivated for ornament.
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

jagghery n. Same as jaggery.
Syn. -- jaggery, jaggary.
WordNet 1.5]

Jag"gy (?), a. Having jags; set with teeth; notched; uneven; as, jaggy teeth. Addison.
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\'d8Ja"ghir (?), n. [Per. j\'beg\'c6r.] A village or district the government and revenues of which are assigned to some person, usually in consideration of some service to be rendered, esp. the maintenance of troops. [Written also jaghire, jagir, etc.] [India] Whitworth.
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\'d8Ja"ghir*dar` (?), n. [Per. j\'beg\'c6r-d\'ber.] The holder of a jaghir.
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Ja"gua palm` (?). [Sp. jagua the fruit of the jagua palm.] (Bot.) A great Brazilian palm (Maximiliana regia), having immense spathes which are used for baskets and tubs.
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Ja*guar" (?), n. [Braz. yago\'a0ra: cf. & Pg. jaguar.] (Zo\'94l.) A large and powerful feline animal (Panthera onca, formerly Felis onca), ranging from Texas and Mexico to Patagonia. It is usually brownish yellow, with large, dark, somewhat angular rings, each generally inclosing one or two dark spots. It is chiefly arboreal in its habits. It is also called the panther and the American tiger.
1913 Webster +PJC]

\'d8Ja`gua*ron"di (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A South American wild cat (Felis jaguarondi), having a long, slim body and very short legs. Its color is grayish brown, varied with a blackish hue. It is arboreal in its habits and feeds mostly on birds.
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Jah (j, n. [Heb. y\'beh.] Jehovah. Ps. lxviii. 4.
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Jah"vist (?), n., Jah*vis"tic (, a. See Jehovist, Jehovistic.
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

Jahweh, Jahvey n. a name for the Old Testament God as transliterated from the Hebrew YHVH. See Jehovah.
Syn. -- Yahweh, Yahwe, Yahveh, Yahve, Wahvey, Jahweh, Jehovah.
WordNet 1.5]

Jail (j, n. [OE. jaile, gail, gayhol, OF. gaole, gaiole, jaiole, F. ge\'93le, LL. gabiola, dim. of gabia cage, for L. cavea cavity, cage. See Cage.] A kind of prison; a building for the confinement of persons held in lawful custody, especially for minor offenses or with reference to some future judicial proceeding. [Written also gaol.]
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This jail I count the house of liberty. Milton.
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Jail delivery, the release of prisoners from jail, either legally or by violence. -- Jail delivery commission. See under Gaol. -- Jail fever (Med.), typhus fever, or a disease resembling it, generated in jails and other places crowded with people; -- called also hospital fever, and ship fever. -- Jail liberties, Jail limits, a space or district around a jail within which an imprisoned debtor was, on certain conditions, allowed to go at large. Abbott. -- Jail lock, a peculiar form of padlock; -- called also Scandinavian lock.
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Jail, v. t. To imprison. [R.] T. Adams (1614).
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[Bolts] that jail you from free life. Tennyson.
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jail"bird`, jail" bird` A prisoner; one is in prison or who has been confined in prison. [Slang]
PJC]

jailbreak n. an escape from jail; as, five prisoners escaped in a coordinated jailbreak.
Syn. -- break, breakout, gaolbreak, prisonbreak, prison-breaking.
WordNet 1.5]

jailed adj. placed in a prison; -- of people.
Syn. -- captive, confined, imprisoned.
WordNet 1.5]

Jail"er (?), n. [OE. jailer, gailer, OF. geolier, F. ge\'93lier. See Jail.] The keeper of a jail or prison. [Written also jailor, gaoler.]

jailing n. The act or process of putting someone in prison or in jail as a lawful punishment.
Syn. -- imprisonment.
WordNet 1.5]

{ Jain (?), Jai"na, } prop. n. [Skr. Jaina, fr. Jina, a proper name, fr. jina victorious.] One of a numerous sect in British India, holding the tenets of Jainism.
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Jain adj. of or pertaining to Jainism; as, Jain gods.
Syn. -- Jainist.
WordNet 1.5]

Jain"ism (?), n. The heterodox Hindu religion, founded in the 6th century as a revolt against Hinduism; its most striking features are the exaltation of saints or holy mortals, called jins, above the ordinary Hindu gods, and the denial of a supreme being and of the divine origin and infallibility of the Vedas. Also, the sect comprising those adhering to Jainism. Jainism believes in immortality and the transmigration of the soul. It is intermediate between Brahmanism and Buddhism, having some things in common with each.
1913 Webster + WordNet 1.5]

\'d8Jai*rou" (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo\'94l.) The ahu or Asiatic gazelle.
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Jak (?), n. (Bot.) see 1st Jack.
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Jakes (?), n. [Prob. fr. F. Jacques, the proper name. See 2d Jack.] A privy. Shak.
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Ja"kie (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A South American striped frog (Pseudis paradoxa), remarkable for having a tadpole larger than the adult, and hence called also paradoxical frog.
1913 Webster]

Jak"o (j, n. (Zo\'94l.) An African parrot (Psittacus erithacus), very commonly kept as a cage bird; -- called also gray parrot.
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Jak"wood` (?), n. See Jackwood.
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Jal"ap (?), n. [F., fr. Sp. jalapa; -- so called from Jalapa, a town in Mexico, whence it was first obtained.] (Med.) The tubers of the Mexican plant Ipom\'d2a purga (or Exogonium purga) of the family Convolvulaceae, a climber much like the morning-glory. The abstract, extract, and powder, prepared from the tubers, are well known purgative (cathartic) medicines, and are also called jalap. Other species of Ipom\'d2a yield several inferior kinds of jalap, as the Ipom\'d2a Orizabensis, and Ipom\'d2a tuberosa.
1913 Webster]

False jalap, the root of Mirabilis Jalapa, four-o'clock, or marvel of Peru.
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Ja*lap"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to jalap.
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Jal"a*pin (?), n. (Chem.) A glucoside found in the stems of the jalap plant and scammony. It is a strong purgative.
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\'d8Ja`lons", n. pl. [F. Of unknown origin.] (Mil.) Long poles, topped with wisps of straw, used as landmarks and signals. Farrow.
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\'d8Ja`lou`sie", n. [F. See Jealousy.] 1. A Venetian or slatted inside window blind.
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2. A window or door made of multiple glass or plastic slats, which can be opened or closed like a jalousie{1}.
PJC]

Ja`lou`sied" (?), a. Furnished with jalousies; as, jalousied porches.
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Jam (j, n. [Per. or Hind. j\'bemah garment, robe.] A kind of frock for children.
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Jam, n. (Mining) See Jamb.
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Jam, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jammed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jamming.] [Either fr. jamb, as if squeezed between jambs, or more likely from the same source as champ See Champ.]
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1. To press into a close or tight position; to crowd; to squeeze; to wedge in; to cram; as, rock fans jammed the theater for the concert.
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The . . . jammed in between two rocks. De Foe.
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2. To crush or bruise; as, to jam a finger in the crack of a door. [Colloq.]
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3. (Naut.) To bring (a vessel) so close to the wind that half her upper sails are laid aback. W. C. Russell.
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4. To block or obstruct by packing too much (people or objects) into; as, shoppers jammed the aisles during the fire sale.
PJC]

5. (Radio) To interfere with (a radio signal) by sending other signals of the same or nearby frequency; as, the Soviets jammed Radio Free Europe broadcasts for years during the cold war.
PJC]

6. To cause to become nonfunctional by putting something in that blocks the movement of a part or parts; as, he jammed the drawer by putting in too many loose papers; he jammed the lock by trying to pick it.
PJC]

Jam, v. i. 2. To become stuck so as not to function; as, the copier jammed again.
PJC]

2. (Music) To play an instrument in a jam session.
PJC]

3. To crowd together; -- usually used with together or in; as, fifty people jammed into a conference room designed for twenty.
PJC]

Jam, n. 1. A mass of people or objects crowded together; also, the pressure from a crowd; a crush; as, a jam in a street; a jam of logs in a river.
1913 Webster]

2. An injury caused by jamming. [Colloq.]
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3. A difficult situation; as, he got himself into a jam. [informal]
PJC]

Jam, n. [Prob. fr. jam, v.; but cf. also Ar. jamad ice, jelly, j\'bemid congealed, jamd congelation, ice.] A preserve of fruit boiled with sugar and water; also called jelly; as, raspberry jam; currant jam; grape jam.
1913 Webster]

Jam nut. See Check nut, under Check. -- Jam weld (Forging), a butt weld. See under Butt.
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\'d8Jam`a*ci"na (?), n. [NL.] Jamaicine.
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\'d8Jam"a*dar (?), n. Same as Jemidar.
1913 Webster]

Ja*mai"ca (?), n. One of the West Indian islands.
1913 Webster]

Jamaica ginger, a variety of ginger, called also white ginger, prepared in Jamaica from the best roots, which are deprived of their epidermis and dried separately. -- Jamaica pepper, allspice. -- Jamaica rose (Bot.), a West Indian melastomaceous shrub (Blakea trinervis), with showy pink flowers.
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Ja*mai"can (?), a. Of or pertaining to Jamaica. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Jamaica.
1913 Webster]

Ja*ma"i*cine (?), n. [From Jamaica.] (Chem.) An alkaloid said to be contained in the bark of Geoffroya inermis, a leguminous tree growing in Jamaica and Surinam; -- called also jamacina. Watts.
1913 Webster]

Jamb (?), n. [Prov. E. jaumb, jaum, F. jambe a leg, jambe de force a principal rafter. See Gambol.]
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1. (Arch) The vertical side of any opening, as a door or fireplace; hence, less properly, any narrow vertical surface of wall, as the of a chimney-breast or of a pier, as distinguished from its face. Gwilt.
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2. (Mining) Any thick mass of rock which prevents miners from following the lode or vein.
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Jamb (?), v. t. See Jam, v. t. & i.
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Jamb, Jambe, Jambeau (?), n. See Jambes.
PJC]

jam`ba*lay"a (j, n. A spicy Creole dish of rice with ham, sausage, chicken, or shellfish, plus tomatoes, and seasoned with peppers, onions, herbs, and celery.
WordNet 1.5]

jam*beau" (?), n. 1. (Ancient armor) See jambes.
Syn. -- greave.
PJC]

2. A type of spikefish of the Atlantic Ocean, Parahollardia lineata.
PJC]

Jam*bee" (?), n. [See Jamb, n.: cf. OF. jamboier to walk.] A fashionable cane. [Obs.] Tatler.

{ Jambes (?), Jam"beux (?), } n. pl. [From F. jambe a leg: cf. OF. jambiere. See Jamb, n.] (Ancient Armor) In the Middle Ages, armor for the legs below the knees, usually having front and back pieces; called also greaves. [Written also giambeux.] Chaucer.
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\'d8Jam`bo*la"na (?), n. [Cf. Pg. jambol a kind of tropical fruit.] (Bot.) A myrtaceous tree of the West Indies and tropical America (Calyptranthes Jambolana), with astringent bark, used for dyeing. It bears an edible fruit.
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{ Jam"bool, Jam"bul (?) }, n. [Hind. jamb, jamb, prop., the rose-apple tree or its fruit, fr. Skr. jambu, jamb.] The Java plum; also, a drug obtained from its bark and seeds, formerly used as a remedy for diabetes.
Webster 1913 Suppl. +PJC]

Jam`bo*ree" (?), n. [Etym. uncertain. Cf. Jambone.] 1. A noisy or unrestrained carousal or frolic; a spree. [Slang] Kipling.

A Calcutta-made pony cart had been standing in front of the manager's bungalow when Raja Singh started on his jamboree. W. A. Fraser.
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

2. a large festive gathering.
PJC]

3. an assembly of boy scouts, usually at the national or international level, including camping among the activities; -- a term adopted by the Boy Scouts organization.
PJC]

\'d8Jam"da*ni (?), n. A silk fabric, with a woven pattern of sprigs of flowers. [Written also jamdanee.] Balfour (Cyc. of India).
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James prop. n. 1. William James, an American psychologist and philosopher (1842-1910). He was the brother of Henry James.
Syn. -- William James.
WordNet 1.5]

2. Henry James, an American novelist and critic, born 1843, died 1916. He was the brother of William James.
Syn. -- Henry James.
WordNet 1.5]

3. Saint James the Apostle, a disciple of Jesus; brother of John; author of The Epistle of James in the New Testament.
Syn. -- Saint James, St. James, Saint James the Apostle.
WordNet 1.5]

4. The James River, a tributary of the Missouri River.
Syn. -- James River.
WordNet 1.5]

Jamesonia prop. n. A genus of xerophytic ferns of South America.
Syn. -- genus Jamesonia.
WordNet 1.5]

Ja"me*son*ite (?), n. [From Prof. Jameson, of Edinburgh.] (Min.) A steel-gray mineral, of metallic luster, commonly fibrous massive. It is a sulphide of antimony and lead, with a little iron.
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James"'s pow`der (?). (Med.) Antimonial powder, first prepared by Dr. James, an English physician; -- called also fever powder.
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James"town` weed` (?). (Bot.) The poisonous thorn apple or stramonium (Datura stramonium), a rank weed early noticed at Jamestown, Virginia. See Datura.
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jimson, jimpson, and gympsum.
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jamjar n. a jar for holding jellies or preserves.
Syn. -- jampot.
WordNet 1.5]

jammed adj. filled to capacity or overfilled; as, the auditorium was jammed to the rafters.
Syn. -- full, jam-packed, packed.
WordNet 1.5 +PJC]

jampack v. t. 1. to stuff; to fill completely and tightly; to jam{1}.
Syn. -- jel, gel.
WordNet 1.5]

jampan n. a kind of sedan chair used in India.
WordNet 1.5]

jampot n. a jar for holding jellies or preserves; a jamjar.
Syn. -- jamjar.
WordNet 1.5]

<-- p. 797 -->

Jan (j, n. [Ar.] (Moham. Myth.) One of an intermediate order between angels and men.
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Jane (j, n. [LL. Janua Genoa; L. Genua, also OE. Jean.] 1. A coin of Genoa; any small coin. Chaucer.
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2. A kind of twilled cotton cloth. See Jean.
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Jane"-of-apes" (?), n. A silly, pert girl; -- corresponding to jackanapes. Massinger.
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Jan"gle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jangled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jangling (?).] [OE. janglen to quarrel, OF. jangler to rail, quarrel; of Dutch or German origin; cf. D. jangelen, janken, to whimper, chide, brawl, quarrel.]
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1. To sound harshly or discordantly, as bells out of tune.
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2. To talk idly; to prate; to babble; to chatter; to gossip. \'bdThou janglest as a jay.\'b8 Chaucer.
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3. To quarrel in words; to altercate; to wrangle.
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Good wits will be jangling; but, gentles, agree. Shak.
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Prussian Trenck . . . jargons and jangles in an unmelodious manner. Carlyle.
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Jan"gle, v. t. To cause to sound harshly or inharmoniously; to produce discordant sounds with.
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Like sweet bells jangled, out of tune, and harsh. Shak.
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Jan"gle, n. [Cf. OF. jangle.]
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1. Idle talk; prate; chatter; babble. Chaucer.
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2. Discordant sound; wrangling.
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3. The unmelodious ringing of multiple metallic objects striking together, such as a set of small bells.
PJC]

The musical jangle of sleigh bells. Longfellow.
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Jan"gler (?), n. [Cf. OF. jangleor.]
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1. An idle talker; a babbler; a prater. Chaucer.
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2. A wrangling, noisy fellow.
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Jan"gler*ess, n. A female prater or babbler.
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Jan"gler*y, n. [Cf. OF. janglerie chattering, talk.] Jangling. [Obs.] Chaucer.
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Jan"gling (?), a. Producing discordant sounds. \'bdA jangling noise.\'b8 Milton.
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Jan"gling, n. 1. Idle babbling; vain disputation.
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From which some, having swerved, have turned aside unto vain jangling. 1 Tim. i. 6.
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2. Wrangling; altercation. Lamb.
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jangly adj. like the discordant ringing of nonmusical metallic objects striking together; sounding with a jangle{3}; as, a custodian with a jangly set of keys.
Syn. -- jangling.
WordNet 1.5]

Jan"is*sa*ry (?), n. See Janizary.
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Jan"i*tor (?), n. [L., fr. janua a door.] 1. A door-keeper; a porter. [Archaic]
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2. One who is employed to care for a public building, or a building occupied for offices, suites of rooms, etc.; a caretaker; -- the duties may include removal of trash, cleaning of the rooms and public areas, and minor repairs.
1913 Webster PJC]

{ Jan"i*tress (?), Jan"i*trix (?), } n. [L. janitrix. See Janitor.] A female janitor.
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Jan"i*zar` (?), n. A janizary. [R.] Byron.
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Jan`i*za"ri*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to the janizaries, or their government. Burke.
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Jan"i*za*ry (?), n.; pl. Janizaries (#). [F. janissaire, fr. Turk. ye new soldiers or troops.] A soldier of a privileged military class, which formed the nucleus of the Turkish infantry, but was suppressed in 1826. [written also janissary.]
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Jan"ker (?), n. A long pole on two wheels, used in hauling logs. [Scot.] Jamieson.
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Jan"sen*ism (?), n. [F. Jans\'82nisme.] (Eccl. Hist.) The doctrine of Jansen regarding free will and divine grace.
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Jan"sen*ist, n. [F. Jans\'82niste.] (Eccl. Hist.) A follower of Cornelius Jansen, a Roman Catholic bishop of Ypres, in Flanders, in the 17th century, who taught certain doctrines denying free will and the possibility of resisting divine grace.
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Jant (?), v. i. See Jaunt.
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\'d8Jan"thi*na (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Ianthina.
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Jan"ti*ly (?), adv. See Jauntily.
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Jan"ti*ness, n. See Jauntiness.
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\'d8Jan"tu (?) n. A machine of great antiquity, used in Bengal for raising water to irrigate land. Knight.
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Jan"ty (?), a. See Jaunty.
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Jan"u*a*ry (?), n. [L. Januarius, fr. Janus an old Latin deity, the god of the sun and the year, to whom the month of January was sacred; cf. janua a door, Skr. y\'be to go.] The first month of the year, containing thirty-one days.
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Ja"nus (?), n. [L. See January.] (Rom. Antiq.) A Latin deity represented with two faces looking in opposite directions. Numa is said to have dedicated to Janus the covered passage at Rome, near the Forum, which is usually called the Temple of Janus. This passage was open in war and closed in peace. Dr. W. Smith.
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Janus cloth, a fabric having both sides dressed, the sides being of different colors, -- used for reversible garments.
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Ja"nus-faced` (?), a. Double-faced; deceitful.
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Janus-faced lock, one having duplicate faces so as to go upon a right or a left hand door, the key entering on either side indifferently. Knight.
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Ja"nus-head`ed (?), a. Double-headed.
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Ja*pan" (j, n. [From Japan, the country.] Work varnished and figured in the Japanese manner; also, the varnish or lacquer used in japanning.
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Ja*pan", a. Of or pertaining to Japan, or to the lacquered work of that country; as, Japan ware.
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Japan allspice (Bot.), a spiny shrub from Japan (Chimonanthus fragrans), related to the Carolina allspice. -- Japan black (Chem.), a quickly drying black lacquer or varnish, consisting essentially of asphaltum dissolved in naphtha or turpentine, and used for coating ironwork; -- called also Brunswick black, Japan lacquer, or simply Japan. -- Japan camphor, ordinary camphor brought from China or Japan, as distinguished from the rare variety called borneol or Borneo camphor. -- Japan clover, or Japan pea (Bot.), a cloverlike plant (Lespedeza striata) from Eastern Asia, useful for fodder, first noticed in the Southern United States about 1860, but now become very common. During the Civil War it was called variously Yankee clover and Rebel clover. -- Japan earth. See Catechu. -- Japan ink, a kind of writing ink, of a deep, glossy black when dry. -- Japan varnish, a varnish prepared from the milky juice of the Rhus vernix, a small Japanese tree related to the poison sumac.
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Ja*pan" (j, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Japanned (j; p. pr. & vb. n. Japanning.]
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1. To cover with a coat of hard, brilliant varnish, in the manner of the Japanese; to lacquer.
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2. To give a glossy black to, as shoes. [R.] Gay.
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Japan current. A branch of the equatorial current of the Pacific, washing the eastern coast of Formosa and thence flowing northeastward past Japan and merging into the easterly drift of the North Pacific; -- called also Kuro-Siwo, or Black Stream, in allusion to the deep blue of its water. It is similar in may ways to the Gulf Stream.
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

Jap`a*nese" (?), a. Of or pertaining to Japan, or its inhabitants.
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Jap`a*nese", n. sing. & pl.
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1. A native or inhabitant of Japan; collectively, the people of Japan.
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2. sing. The language of the people of Japan, called in the Japanese language nihongo.
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Ja*panned" (?), a. Treated, or coated, with varnish in the Japanese manner.
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Japanned leather,leather treated with coatings of Japan varnish, and dried in a stove. Knight.
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Ja*pan"ner (?), n. 1. One who varnishes in the manner of the Japanese, or one skilled in the art.
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2. A bootblack. [R.]
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Ja*pan"ning (?), n. The art or act of varnishing in the Japanese manner.
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Ja*pan"nish (?), a. After the manner of the Japanese; resembling japanned articles. Carlyle.
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Jape (?), v. i. [Prob. from the same source as gab, influenced by F. japper to yelp. See Gab to deceive.] To jest; to play tricks; to jeer. [Obs.] Chaucer.
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Jape, v. t. To mock; to trick. Chaucer.
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I have not been putting a jape upon you. Sir W. Scott.
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The coy giggle of the young lady to whom he has imparted his latest merry jape. W. Besant.
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Jap"er (?), n. A jester; a buffoon. [Obs.] Chaucer.
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Jap"er*y (?), n. [Cf. OF. japerie a yelping.] Jesting; buffoonery. [Obs.] Chaucer.
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Ja"pheth*ite (?), n. A Japhetite. Kitto.
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Ja*phet"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or derived from, Japheth, one of the sons of Noah; as, Japhetic nations, the nations of Europe and Northern Asia; Japhetic languages.
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Ja"phet*ite (?), n. A descendant of Japheth.
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Ja*pon"i*ca (?), n. [NL., Japanese, fr. Japonia Japan.] (Bot.) A species of Camellia (Camellia Japonica), a native of Japan, bearing beautiful red or white flowers. Many other genera have species of the same name.
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Jap"o*nism (?), n. [F. japonisme, fr. Japon Japan.] A quality, idiom, or peculiarity characteristic of the Japanese or their products, esp. in art.
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

Jar (j, n. [See Ajar.] A turn. [Only in phrase.]
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On the jar, on the turn, ajar, as a door.
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Jar (j, n. [F. jarre, Sp. jarra, from Ar. jarrah ewer; cf. Pers. jarrah.] 1. A deep, broad-mouthed vessel of earthenware or glass, for holding fruit, preserves, etc., or for ornamental purposes; as, a jar of honey; a rose jar. Dryden.
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2. The measure of what is contained in a jar; as, a jar of oil; a jar of preserves.
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Bell jar, Leyden jar. See in the Vocabulary.
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Jar, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jarred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jarring (?).] [Cf. OE. charken to creak, AS. cearcian to gnash, F. jars a gander, L. garrire to chatter, prate, OHG. kerran to chatter, croak, G. quarren to grumble, and E. jargon, ajar.]
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1. To give forth a rudely quivering or tremulous sound; to sound harshly or discordantly; as, the notes jarred on my ears.
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When such strings jar, what hope of harmony ? Shak.
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A string may jar in the best master's hand. Roscommon.
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2. To act in opposition or disagreement; to clash; to interfere; to quarrel; to dispute.
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When those renowned noble peers Greece
jar.
Spenser.
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For orders and degrees
Jar not with liberty, but well consist.
Milton.
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Jar, v. t. 1. To cause a short, tremulous motion of, to cause to tremble, as by a sudden shock or blow; to shake; to shock; as, to jar the earth; to jar one's faith.
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2. To tick; to beat; to mark or tell off. [Obs.]
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My thoughts are minutes, and with sighs they jar
Shak.
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Jar, n. 1. A rattling, tremulous vibration or shock; a shake; a harsh sound; a discord; as, the jar of a train; the jar of harsh sounds.
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2. Clash of interest or opinions; collision; discord; debate; slight disagreement.
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And yet his peace is but continual jar. Spenser.
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Cease, cease these jars, and rest your minds in peace. Shak.
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3. A regular vibration, as of a pendulum.
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I love thee not a jar of the clock. Shak.
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4. pl. In deep well boring, a device resembling two long chain links, for connecting a percussion drill to the rod or rope which works it, so that the drill is driven down by impact and is jerked loose when jammed.
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\'d8Jar`a*ra"ca (?), n. [Pg., from the native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A poisonous serpent of Brazil (Bothrops jararaca), about eighteen inches long, and of a dusky, brownish color, variegated with red and black spots.
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Jar"ble (?), v. t. To wet; to bemire. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
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\'d8Jar`di`ni\'8are" (?), n. [F., fem. of jardinier gardener. See Garden.] 1. An ornamental stand or receptacle for plants, flowers, etc., used as a piece of decorative furniture in room.
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2. (Cookery) A preparation of mixed vegetables stewed in a sauce with savory herbs, etc.; also, a soup made in this way.
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

Jards (?), n. [F. jarde, jardon.] (Far.) A callous tumor on the leg of a horse, below the hock.
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Jar"gle (?), v. i. [Cf. OSw. jerga to repeat angrily, to brawl, Icel. jarg tedious iteration, F. jargonner to talk jargon. See Jargon gabble.] To emit a harsh or discordant sound. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
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Jar"gon (?), n. [F. jargon, OF. also gargon, perh. akin to E. garrulous, or gargle.] 1. Confused, unintelligible language; gibberish. \'bdA barbarous jargon.\'b8 Macaulay. \'bdAll jargon of the schools.\'b8 Prior.
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2. Hence: an artificial idiom or dialect; cant language; slang. Especially, an idiom with frequent use of informal technical terms, such as acronyms, used by specialists. \'bdAll jargon of the schools.\'b8 Prior.
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The jargon which serves the traffickers. Johnson.
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Jar"gon (j, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jargoned (-g; p. pr. & vb. n. Jargoning.] To utter jargon; to emit confused or unintelligible sounds; to talk unintelligibly, or in a harsh and noisy manner.
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The noisy jay,
Jargoning like a foreigner at his food.
Longfellow.
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Jar"gon, n. [E. jargon, It. jiargone; perh. fr. Pers. zarg gold-colored, fr. zar gold. Cf. Zircon.] (Min.) A variety of zircon. See Zircon.
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Jar`go*nelle" (?), n. [F. jargonelle a very gritty variety of pear. See Jargon zircon.] A variety of pear which ripens early.
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Jar*gon"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the mineral jargon.
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Jar"gon*ist (?), n. One addicted to jargon; one who uses cant or slang. Macaulay.
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\'d8Jarl (?), n. [Icel., nobleman, chief. See Earl.] A chief; an earl; in English history, one of the leaders in the Danish and Norse invasions. Longfellow.
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Jar"nut` (?), n. [Of Scand. origin: cf. Dan. jordn\'94d.] (Bot.) An earthnut. Dr. Prior.
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Ja*ro"site (?), n. [From Barranco Jaroso, in Spain.] (Min.) An ocher-yellow mineral occurring in minute rhombohedral crystals. It is a hydrous sulphate of iron and potash.
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Jar"-owl` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The goatsucker.
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Jar"rah (?), n. The mahoganylike wood of the Australian Eucalyptus marginata. See Eucalyptus.
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Jar"ring (?), a. [See Jar.] Shaking; disturbing; discordant. \'bdA jarring sound.\'b8 Dryden.
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Jar"ring n. 1. A shaking; a tremulous motion; as, the jarring of a steamship, caused by its engines.
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2. Discord; a clashing of interests. \'bdEndless jarrings and immortal hate.\'b8 Dryden.
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Jar"ring*ly, adv. In a jarring or discordant manner.

{ Jar"vey, Jar"vy } (?), n. 1. The driver of a hackney coach. [Slang, Eng.] Carlyle.
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2. A hackney coach. [Slang, Eng.]
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The litter at the bottom of the jarvy. T. Hook.
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Ja"sey (?), n. A wig; -- so called, perhaps, from being made of, or resembling, Jersey yarn. Thackeray.
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Jas"hawk` (?), n. [A corruption of eyas hawk.] (Zo\'94l.) A young hawk. Booth.
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Jas"mine (?), n. [F. jasmin, Sp. jazmin, Ar. y\'besm\'c6n, Pers. y\'besm\'c6n; cf. It. gesmino, gelsomino. Cf. Jessamine.] (Bot.) A shrubby plant of the genus Jasminum, bearing flowers of a peculiarly fragrant odor. The Jasminum officinale, common in the south of Europe, bears white flowers. The Arabian jasmine is Jasminum Sambac, and, with Jasminum angustifolia, comes from the East Indies. The yellow false jasmine in the Gelseminum sempervirens (see Gelsemium). Several other plants are called jasmine in the West Indies, as species of Calotropis and Faramea. [Written also jessamine.]
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Cape jasmine, or Cape jessamine, the Gardenia florida, a shrub with fragrant white flowers, a native of China, and hardy in the Southern United States.
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Jason prop. n. the husband of Medea and leader of the Argonauts who sailed in quest of the Golden Fleece.
WordNet 1.5]

Jasp (j, n. Jasper. [Obs.] Spenser.
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Jas"pa*chate (?), n. [L. iaspachates, Gr. (Min.) Agate jasper. [Obs.]
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\'d8Ja`sp\'82" (?), a. [F., p.p. of jasper to mottle. See Jasper.] (Ceramics) Having the surface decorated with cloudings and streaks, somewhat as if imitating jasper.
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

Jas"per (?), n. [OE. jaspre, jaspe, OF. jaspre, jaspe, F. jaspe, L. iaspis, Gr. yashp, yashf, Ar. yashb, yasb, yasf, Heb. y\'beshpheh. Cf. Diaper.] (Min.) An opaque, impure variety of quartz, of red, yellow, and other dull colors, breaking with a smooth surface. It admits of a high polish, and is used for vases, seals, snuff boxes, etc. When the colors are in stripes or bands, it is called striped jasper or banded jasper. The Egyptian pebble is a brownish yellow jasper.
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Jasper opal, a yellow variety of opal resembling jasper. -- Jasper ware, a delicate kind of earthenware invented by Josiah Wedgwood. It is usually white, but is capable of receiving color.
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Jas"per*a`ted (?), a. mixed with jasper; containing particles of jasper; as, jasperated agate.
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Jas"per*ize (?), v. t. [Usually p. p. Jasperized ( To convert into, or make to resemble, jasper.
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Polished specimens of jasperized and agatized woods. Pop. Sci. Monthly.
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Jas"per*y (?), a. Of the nature of jasper; mixed with jasper.

{ Jas*pid"e*an (?), Jas*pid"e*ous (?), } a. [L. iaspideus. See Jasper.] Consisting of jasper, or containing jasper; jaspery; jasperlike.
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Jas"pi*lite (?), n. [Jasper + -lite.] (Min.) A compact siliceous rock resembling jasper.
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Jas"poid (?), a. [F. jaspo\'8bde; jaspe jasper + Gr. Resembling jasper. [R.]
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Jasp`o"nyx (?), n. [L. iasponyx, Gr. . See Jasper, and Onyx.] (min.) An onyx, part or all of whose layers consist of jasper.
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Ja*troph"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to physic nuts, the seeds of plants of the genus Jatropha.
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Jaunce (?), v. i. [OF. jancer. Cf. Jounce, Jaunt.] To ride hard; to jounce. [Obs.]
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Spurr'd, galled and tired by jauncing Bolingbroke. Shak.
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Jaun"dice (?; 277), n. [OE. jaunis, F. jaunisse, fr. jaune yellow, orig. jalne, fr. L. galbinus yellowish, fr. galbus yellow.] (Med.) A morbid condition, characterized by yellowness of the eyes, skin, and urine, whiteness of the f\'91ces, constipation, uneasiness in the region of the stomach, loss of appetite, and general languor and lassitude. It is caused usually by obstruction of the biliary passages and consequent damming up, in the liver, of the bile, which is then absorbed into the blood.
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Blue jaundice. See Cyanopathy.
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<-- p. 798 -->

Jaun"dice (?), v. t. To affect with jaundice; to color by prejudice or envy; to prejudice.
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The envy of wealth jaundiced his soul. Ld. Lytton.
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Jaun"diced (?), a. 1. Affected with jaundice.
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Jaundiced eyes seem to see all objects yellow. Bp. Hall.
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2. Prejudiced; envious; as, a jaundiced judgment.
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Jaunt (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jaunted; p. pr. & vb. n. Jaunting.] [Cf. Scot. jaunder to ramble, jaunt to taunt, jeer, dial. Sw. ganta to play the buffoon, romp, jest; perh. akin to E. jump. Cf. Jaunce.]
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1. To ramble here and there; to stroll; to make an excursion.
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2. To ride on a jaunting car.
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Jaunting car, a kind of low-set open vehicle, used in Ireland, in which the passengers ride sidewise, sitting back to back. [Written also jaunty car.] Thackeray.
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Jaunt, v. t. To jolt; to jounce. [Obs.] Bale.
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Jaunt, n. 1. A wearisome journey. [R.]
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Our Savior, meek, and with untroubled mind
jaunt, though hurried sore.
Milton.
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2. A short excursion for pleasure or refreshment; a ramble; a short journey.
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Jaun"ti*ly (?), adv. In a jaunty manner.
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Jaun"ti*ness, n. The quality of being jaunty.
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That jauntiness of air I was once master of. Addison.
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Jaun"ty (?), a. [Compar. Jauntier (?); superl. Jauntiest.] [Formerly spelt janty, fr. F. gentil. See Gentle, and cf. Genty.] Airy; showy; finical; hence, characterized by an affected or fantastical manner.
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Ja"va (j, n. 1. One of the islands of the Malay Archipelago belonging to the Netherlands.
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2. Java coffee, a kind of coffee brought from Java.
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3. (Computers) [all capitals] an object-oriented computer programming language, derived largely from C++, used widely for design and display of web pages on the world-wide web. It is an interpreted language, and has been suggested as a platform-independent code to allow execution of the same progam under multiple operating systems without recompiling. The language is still (1997) under active development, and is evolving.
GG + PJC]

Java cat (Zo\'94l.), the musang. -- Java sparrow (Zo\'94l.), a species of finch (Padda oryzivora), native of Java, but very commonly kept as a cage bird; -- called also ricebird, and paddy bird. In the male the upper parts are glaucous gray, the head and tail black, the under parts delicate rose, and the cheeks white. The bill is large and red. A white variety is also kept as a cage bird.
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Jav`a*nese" (?), a. Of or pertaining to Java, or to the people of Java. -- n. sing. & pl. A native or natives of Java.
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Jav"el (?), n. A vagabond. [Obs.] Spenser.
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Jave"lin (?), n. [F. javeline; akin to Sp. jabalina, It. giavelina, and F. javelot, OF. gavlot. Cf. Gavelock.] 1. A sort of light spear, to be thrown or cast by the hand; anciently, a weapon of war used by horsemen and foot soldiers; now used chiefly in hunting the wild boar and other fierce game.
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Flies the javelin swifter to its mark,
Addison.
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2. (Sport) A wooden shaft resembling a spear, thrown by contestants in a contest called the javelin throw; the one throwing the javelin furthest wins the contest. The javelin throw is one of the field events of the modern Olympic Games.
PJC]

Jave"lin, v. t. To pierce with a javelin. [R.] Tennyson.
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Jave`lin*ier" (?), n. A soldier armed with a javelin. Holland.
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Jaw (j, n. [A modification of chaw, formed under the influence of F. joue the cheek. See Chaw, Chew.]
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1. (Anat.) (a) One of the bones, usually bearing teeth, which form the framework of the mouth. (b) Hence, also, the bone itself with the teeth and covering. (c) In the plural, the mouth.
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2. Fig.: Anything resembling the jaw of an animal in form or action; esp., pl., the mouth or way of entrance; as, the jaws of a pass; the jaws of darkness; the jaws of death. Shak.
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3. (Mach.) (a) A notch or opening. (b) A notched or forked part, adapted for holding an object in place; as, the jaw of a railway-car pedestal. See Axle guard. (b) One of a pair of opposing parts which are movable towards or from each other, for grasping or crushing anything between them, as, the jaws of a vise, or the jaws of a stone-crushing machine.
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4. (Naut.) The inner end of a boom or gaff, hollowed in a half circle so as to move freely on a mast.
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5. Impudent or abusive talk. [Slang] H. Kingsley.
Syn. -- lip.
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Jaw bit (Railroad), a bar across the jaws of a pedestal underneath an axle box. -- Jaw breaker, a word difficult to pronounce. [Obs.]<-- also, a piece of hard candy --> -- Jaw rope (Naut.), a rope which holds the jaws of a gaff to the mast. -- Jaw tooth, a molar or grinder; a back tooth.
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Jaw, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jawed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jawing.] 1. To scold; to clamor. [Law] Smollett.
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2. To talk idly, long-windedly, or without special purpose.
PJC]

Jaw, v. t. To assail or abuse by scolding. [Law]
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Jaw"bone` (?), n. The bone of either jaw; a maxilla or a mandible.

jaw"bone` (j, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. jawboned (j; p. pr. & vb. n. jawboning.] To attempt to influence solely by talking, as contrasted with threatening or inducing by other means, e.g. legislation; esp. to make public appeals in order to influence the behavior of businessmen or labor leaders; -- used especially of the President or other high government officials; as, to jawbone businessmen into forgoing price increases.
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-- jaw"bon*ing, n.
PJC]

Jawed (j, a. Having jaws; -- chiefly in composition; as, lantern-jawed. \'bdJawed like a jetty.\'b8 Skelton.
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Jaw"-fall` (?), n. Depression of the jaw; hence, depression of spirits. M. Griffith (1660).
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Jaw"-fall`en (?), a. Dejected; chopfallen.
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Jaw"foot` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Maxilliped.
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Jaw"ing, n. Scolding; clamorous or abusive talk. [Slang] H. Kingsley.
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Jawn (?), v. i. See Yawn. [Obs.] Marston.
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Jaw"y (?), a. Relating to the jaws. Gayton.
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Jay (?), n. [F. geai, OF. gai, jaj, perh. fr. OHG. g\'behi. Cf. Gay.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of the numerous species of birds belonging to Garrulus, Cyanocitta, and allied genera of the family Corvidae. They are allied to the crows, but are smaller, more graceful in form, often handsomely colored, and usually have a crest.
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Garrulus glandarius) is a large and handsomely colored species, having the body pale reddish brown, lighter beneath; tail and wing quills blackish; the primary coverts barred with bright blue and black; throat, tail coverts, and a large spot on the wings, white. Called also jay pie, Jenny jay, and k\'91. The common blue jay (Cyanocitta cristata.), and the related species, are brilliantly colored, and have a large erectile crest. The California jay (Aphelocoma Californica), the Florida jay (A. Floridana), and the green jay (Xanthoura luxuosa), of Texas and Mexico, are large, handsome, crested species. The Canada jay (Perisoreus Canadensis), and several allied species, are much plainer and have no crest. See Blue jay, and Whisky jack.
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Jay thrush (Zo\'94l.), any one several species of Asiatic singing birds, of the genera Garrulax, Grammatoptila, and related genera of the family Crateropodid\'91; as, the white-throated jay thrush (G. albogularis), of India.
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Jay"et (?), n. (Min.) See Jet. [Obs.]
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Jay"hawk`er (?), n. A name given to a free-booting, unenlisted, armed man or guerrilla. [A term of opprobrium used in the war of 1861-65, U. S.]
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Ja"zel (?), n. A gem of an azure color. [Obs.]
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Jaz"er*ant (?), n. [OF. jacerant, jaseran, Sp. jacerina, cota jacerina, fr. jazarino Algerine, fr. Ar. jaz\'be\'c6r Algiers.] A coat of defense made of small plates of metal sewed upon linen or the like; also, this kind of armor taken generally; as, a coat of jazerant.
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jazz n. 1. A type of music that originated in New Orleans around 1900 and developed through increasingly complex styles, but generally featuring intricate rhythms, improvisation, prominent solo segments, and great freedom in harmonic idiom played frequently in a polyphonic style, on various instruments including horn, saxophone, piano and percussion, but rarely stringed instruments. [wns=1]
WordNet 1.5 +PJC]

2. empty or insincere or exaggerated talk; as, don't give me any of that jazz. [wns=2]
Syn. -- wind, idle words, nothingness.
WordNet 1.5]

3. A style of dance music popular in the 1920s; similar to New Orleans jazz but played by large bands.
WordNet 1.5]

jazzy adj. 1. resembling jazz{1} especially in its rhythm. [wns=1]
WordNet 1.5]

2. ostentatious or strikingly styled; -- used especially of clothes. [wns=2]
Syn. -- flashy, gaudy, showy, snazzy, sporty.
WordNet 1.5]

3. marked by animation or performed with flair[2].
PJC]

JCL (?), n. [all capitals] (Computers) Job Control Language. [Acronym]
PJC]

JD, J.D. (?), n. [all capitals] juvenile delinquent. [Acronym]
PJC]

JDL (?), n. [all capitals] Jewish Defense League. [Acronym]
PJC]

Jeal"ous (?), a. [OE. jalous, gelus, OF. jalous, F. jaloux, LL. zelosus zealous, fr. zelus emulation, zeal, jealousy, Gr. zh^los. See Zeal, and cf. Zealous.]
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1. Zealous; solicitous; vigilant; anxiously watchful.
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I have been very jealous for the Lord God of hosts. Kings xix. 10.
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How nicely jealous is every one of us of his own repute! Dr. H. More.
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2. Apprehensive; anxious; suspiciously watchful.
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'This doing wrong creates such doubts as these,
jealous and disturbs our peace.
Waller.
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The people are so jealous of the clergy's ambition. Swift.
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3. Demanding exclusive devotion; intolerant of rivalry.
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Thou shalt worship no other God; for the Lord, whose name is Jealous, is a jealous God. Ex. xxxiv. 14.
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4. Disposed to suspect rivalry in matters of interest and affection; apprehensive regarding the motives of possible rivals, or the fidelity of friends; distrustful; having morbid fear of rivalry in love or preference given to another; painfully suspicious of the faithfulness of husband, wife, or lover.
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If the spirit of jealousy come upon him, and he be jealous of his wife. Num. v. 14.
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To both these sisters have I sworn my love:
jealous of the other, as the stung
Shak.
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It is one of the best bonds, both of chastity and obedience, in the wife, if she think her husband wise; which she will never do if she find him jealous. Bacon.

Syn. -- Suspicious; anxious; envious. Jealous, Suspicious. Suspicious is the wider term. We suspect a person when we distrust his honesty and imagine he has some bad design. We are jealous when we suspect him of aiming to deprive us of what we dearly prize. Iago began by awakening the suspicions of Othello, and converted them at last into jealousy. \'bdSuspicion may be excited by some kind of accusation, not supported by evidence sufficient for conviction, but sufficient to trouble the repose of confidence.\'b8 \'bdJealousy is a painful apprehension of rivalship in cases that are peculiarly interesting to us.\'b8 Cogan.
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Jeal"ous*hood (?), n. Jealousy. [Obs.] Shak.
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Jeal"ous*ly, adv. In a jealous manner.
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Jeal"ous*ness, n. State or quality of being jealous.
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Jeal"ous*y (?), n.; pl. Jealousies (#). [ F. jalousie. See Jealous, and cf. Jalousie.] The quality of being jealous; earnest concern or solicitude; painful apprehension of rivalship in cases directly affecting one's happiness; painful suspicion of the faithfulness of husband, wife, or lover.
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I was jealous for jealousy. Zech. viii. 2.
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Jealousy is the . . . apprehension of superiority. Shenstone.
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Whoever had qualities to alarm our jealousy, had excellence to deserve our fondness. Rambler.
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Jeames (?), n. [Corrup. of James.] A footman; a flunky. [Slang, Eng.] Thackeray.
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jean (j, n. [Prob. named from Genoa. See Jane.] 1. A twilled cotton cloth.
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2. (pl.) (j, Same as blue jeans.
PJC]

3. (pl.) (j, Pants made of different fabrics, resembling blue jeans.
PJC]

Satin jean, a kind of jean woven smooth and glossy, after the manner of satin.
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Jears (?), n. pl. (Naut.) See 1st Jeer (b).
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Jeat (?), n. (Min.) See Jet. [Obs.]
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Jed"ding ax` (?), n. A stone mason's tool, having a flat face and a pointed part. Knight.
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Jee (?), v. t. & i. See Gee.
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Jeel (?), n. [Hind. jh\'c6l.] A morass; a shallow lake. [Written also jhil.] [India] Whitworth.
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Jeer (?), n. [Cf. Gear.] (Naut.) (a) A gear; a tackle. (b) pl. An assemblage or combination of tackles, for hoisting or lowering the lower yards of a ship.
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Jeer capstan (Naut.), an extra capstan usually placed between the foremast and mainmast.
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Jeer, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jeered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jeering.] [Perh. a corrup. of cheer to salute with cheers, taken in an ironical sense; or more prob. fr. D. gekscheren to jeer, lit., to shear the fool; gek a fool (see 1st Geck) + scheren to shear. See Shear, v.] To utter sarcastic or scoffing reflections; to speak with mockery or derision; to use taunting language; to scoff; as, to jeer at a speaker.
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But when he saw her toy and gibe and jeer. Spenser.

Syn. -- To sneer; scoff; flout; gibe; mock.
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Jeer (?), v. t. To treat with scoffs or derision; to address with jeers; to taunt; to flout; to mock at.
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And if we can not jeer them, we jeer ourselves. B. Jonson.
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Jeer, n. A railing remark or reflection; a scoff; a taunt; a biting jest; a flout; a jibe; mockery.
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Midas, exposed to all their jeers,
Swift.
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Jeer"er (?), n. A scoffer; a railer; a mocker.
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Jeer"ing, a. Mocking; scoffing. -- n. A mocking utterance. -- Jeer"ing*ly, adv.
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Jeers (?), n. pl. (Naut.) See 1st Jeer (b).
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\'d8Jef`fer*so"ni*a (?), n. [NL. Named after Thomas Jefferson.] (Bot.) An American herb with a pretty, white, solitary blossom, and deeply two-cleft leaves (Jeffersonia diphylla); twinleaf.
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Jef`fer*so"ni*an (?), a. Pertaining to, or characteristic of, Thomas Jefferson (third President of the United States) or his political doctrines, which were those of the Republicanism of his time, as opposed to those of the Federalists. -- n. An adherent of Jefferson or his doctrines. -- Jef`fer*so"ni*an*ism (#), n.
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

Jeffersonian simplicity. The absence of pomp or display which Jefferson aimed at in his administration as President (1801-1809), eschewing display or ceremony tending to distinguish the President from the people, as in going to the capital on horseback and with no escort, the abolition of court etiquette and the weekly levee, refusal to recognize titles of honor, etc.
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

Jef"fer*son*ite (?), n. [Named after Thomas Jefferson.] (Min.) A variety of pyroxene of olive-green color passing into brown. It contains zinc.
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Jeg (?), n. (Mach.) See Jig, 6.
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jehad n. Same as jihad.
Syn. -- jihad.
WordNet 1.5]

Je*ho"vah (?), n. [Heb. usually y (with the vowel points of Lord), sometimes (to avoid repetition) y (with the vowel points of God); but only the four Heb, consonants yhvh are conceded to be certainly known.] A Scripture name of the Supreme Being, by which he was revealed to the Jews as their covenant God or Sovereign of the theocracy; the \'bdineffable name\'b8 of the Supreme Being, which was not pronounced by the Jews.
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Je*ho"vist (?), n. 1. One who maintains that the vowel points of the word Jehovah, in Hebrew, are the proper vowels of that word; -- opposed to adonist.
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2. The writer of the passages of the Old Testament, especially those of the Pentateuch, in which the Supreme Being is styled Jehovah. See Elohist.
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The characteristic manner of the Jehovist differs from that of his predecessor [the Elohist]. He is fuller and freer in his descriptions; more reflective in his assignment of motives and causes; more artificial in mode of narration. S. Davidson.
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Je`ho*vis"tic (?), a. Relating to, or containing, Jehovah, as a name of God; -- said of certain parts of the Old Testament, especially of the Pentateuch, in which Jehovah appears as the name of the Deity. See Elohistic.
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Je"hu (?), n. [From Jehu, son of Nimshi. 2 Kings ix. 20.] A coachman; a driver; especially, one who drives furiously. [Colloq.]
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Je*ju"nal (?), a. Pertaining to the jejunum.
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Je*june" (?), a. [L. jejunus fasting, hungry, dry, barren, scanty; of unknown origin.]
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1. Lacking matter; empty; void of substance.
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2. Void of interest; barren; meager; dry; as, a jejune narrative.

3. Juvenile; childish; immature.
PJC]

4. Lacking nutritional value.
PJC]

- Je*june"ly, adv. -- Je*june"ness, n. Bacon.
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Je*ju"ni*ty (?), n. The quality of being jejune; jejuneness.
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\'d8Je*ju"num (?), n. [NL., fr. L. jejunus empty, dry.] (Anat.) The middle division of the small intestine, between the duodenum and ileum; -- so called because usually found empty after death.
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\'d8Jel"er*ang (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A large, handsome squirrel (Sciurus Javensis), native of Java and Southern Asia; -- called also Java squirrel.
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Jell (?), v. i. 1. To jelly. [Colloq.]
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2. To take on a more concrete or substantial form; -- of ideas, plans, programs, etc.
PJC]

jellaba n. a loose cloak with a hood; worn in the Middle East and northern Africa.
WordNet 1.5]

jelled adj. congealed from a liquid state into a jelly; jellied.
Syn. -- congealed, jellied.
WordNet 1.5]

jel"lied (?), a. Brought to the state or consistency of jelly.
1913 Webster]

jel"li*fy (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Jellified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jellifying (?).] To make, or to become, gelatinous; to make into jelly; to jelly. -- Jel`li*fi*ca"tion (#), n.
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

Jell"-O, jell"o n. [a trademark.] a brand of sweetened fruit-flavored powdered mixture, packaged so that it can be conveniently dissolved in hot water and solidified into a gelatin, used as a dessert, sometimes with pieces of fruit mixed in; also the gelatin dessert thus prepared; sometimes used metaphorically; as, when he pulled a gun on me, my knees turned to Jell-O.. [Trademark] Jell-O was originally a trademark and is still protected by trademark law, but is often used as one word, uncapitalized in informal writing.
WordNet 1.5 +PJC]

jel"ly (?), n.; pl. Jellies (#). [ Formerly gelly, gely, F. gel\'82e jelly, frost, fr. geler to freeze. L. gelare; akin to gelu frost. See Gelid.]
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1. Anything brought to a gelatinous condition; a viscous, translucent substance in a condition between liquid and solid; a stiffened solution of gelatin, gum, or the like.
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2. The juice of fruits or meats boiled with sugar to an elastic consistence; as, currant jelly; calf's-foot jelly.
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Jelly bag, a bag through which the material for jelly is strained. -- Jelly mold, a mold for forming jelly in ornamental shapes. -- Jelly plant (Bot.), Australian name of an edible seaweed (Eucheuma speciosum), from which an excellent jelly is made. J. Smith. -- Jelly powder, an explosive, composed of nitroglycerin and collodion cotton; -- so called from its resemblance to calf's-foot jelly.
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Jel"ly, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jellied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jellying.] To become jelly; to come to the state or consistency of jelly.
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Jel"ly*fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of the acalephs, esp. one of the larger species, having a jellylike appearance. See Medusa and acaleph.
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\'d8Jem"i*dar` (j, n. [Per. & Hind. jama-d\'ber.] The chief or leader of a band or body of persons; esp., in the native army of India, an officer of a rank corresponding to that of lieutenant in the English army. [Written also jemadar, jamadar.]
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Jem"lah goat` (j. (Zo\'94l.) The jharal.
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Jem"mi*ness (?), n. Spruceness. [Slang, Eng.] Pegge (1814).
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Jem"my (?), a. [Cf. Gim, and Gimp, a.] Spruce. [Slang, Eng.] Smart.
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Jem"my, n. 1. A short crowbar. See Jimmy. [Chiefly Brit.]
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2. A baked sheep's head. [Slang, Eng.] Dickens.
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\'d8Je*ni"quen (?), n. [Sp. jeniquen.] (Bot.) A Mexican name for the Sisal hemp (Agave rigida, var. Sisalana); also, its fiber. [Written also hen\'c6equen.]
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Je"nite (?), n. (Min.) See Yenite.
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Jen"kins (?), n. A name of contempt for a flatterer of persons high in social or official life; as, the Jenkins employed by a newspaper. [Colloq. Eng. & U.S.] G. W. Curtis.
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<-- p. 799 -->

Jen"net (j, n. [F. genet, Sp. jinete, orig., a mounted soldier, Ar. zen\'beta a tribe of Barbary celebrated for its cavalry.] A small Spanish horse; a genet.
1913 Webster]

Jen"net*ing, n. [Prob. fr. a dim. of Jean John, so named as becoming ripe about St. John's day, June 24. F. Jean is fr. L. Johannes. See Zany.] A variety of early apple. See Juneating. [Written also geniting.]
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Jen"ny (?), n.; pl. Jennies (.
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1. A familiar or pet form of the proper name Jane.
1913 Webster]

2. (Zo\'94l.) A familiar name of the European wren.
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Jenny ass (Zo\'94l.), a female ass; also, a female of certain other animals.
1913 Webster +PJC]

Jen"ny, n. [A corruption of gin an engine; influenced by Jenny, the proper name. See Gin an engine, and cf. Ginny-carriage.] A machine for spinning a number of threads at once, -- used in factories. Also called spinning jenny.
1913 Webster]

Jent"ling (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A fish of the genus Leuciscus; the blue chub of the Danube.
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Jeof"ail (j, n. [F. j'ai failli I have failed.] (Law) An oversight in pleading, or the acknowledgment of a mistake or oversight. Blackstone.
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Jeop"ard (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jeoparded; p. pr. & vb. n. Jeoparding.] [From Jeopardy.] To put in jeopardy; to expose to loss or injury; to imperil; to jeopardize; to hazard. Sir T. North.
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A people that jeoparded their lives unto the death. Judg. v. 18.

Syn. -- To hazard; risk; imperil; endanger; expose.
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jeop"ard*er (?), n. One who puts in jeopardy. [R.]
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jeop"ard*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jeopardized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jeopardizing (?).] To expose to loss or injury; to risk.
Syn. -- jeopard.
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That he should jeopardize his willful head
H. Taylor.
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Jeop"ard*ous (?), a. Perilous; hazardous.
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His goodly, valiant, and jeopardous enterprise. Fuller.

-- Jeop"ard*ous*ly, adv. Huloet.
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Jeop"ard*y (?), n. [OE. jupartie, juperti, jeuparti, OF. jeu parti an even game, a game in which the chances are even; OF. jeu, ju, F. jeu (L. jocus jest) + F. partier to divide, L. partire to divide. See Joke, and Part.] Exposure to death, loss, or injury; hazard; danger.
1913 Webster]

There came down a storm of wind on the lake; and they were filled with water, and were in jeopardy. Luke viii. 23.
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Look to thyself, thou art in jeopardy. Shak.

Syn. -- Danger; peril; hazard; risk. See Danger.
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Jeop"ard*y, v. t. To jeopardize. [R.] Thackeray.
1913 Webster]

{ Je*quir"i*ty (?), n., Je*quir"i*ty bean` }. [Prob. fr. a native name.] (Bot.) The seed of the wild licorice (Abrus precatorius) used by the people of India for beads in rosaries and necklaces, as a standard weight, etc.; -- called also jumble bead.
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

Jer*bo"a (?), n. [Ar. yarb.] (Zo\'94l.) Any small jumping rodent of the genus Dipus, esp. D. \'92gyptius, which is common in Egypt and the adjacent countries. The jerboas have very long hind legs and a long tail. [Written also gerboa.]
1913 Webster]

Pedetes Caffer, of the Cape of Good Hope.
1913 Webster]

Jerboa kangaroo (Zo\'94l.), small Australian kangaroo (Bettongia penicillata), about the size of a common hare.
1913 Webster]

Jer*eed" (?), n. [Ar. jer\'c6d. Cf. Djereed.] A blunt javelin used by the people of the Levant, especially in mock fights. [Written also jerreed, jerid.] Byron.

{ Jer`e*mi"ad, Jer`e*mi"ade }, n. [From Jeremiah, the prophet: cf. F. j\'82r\'82miade.] A tale of sorrow, disappointment, or complaint; a doleful story; a dolorous tirade; -- generally used satirically.
1913 Webster]

He has prolonged his complaint into an endless jeremiad. Lamb.
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Jer"fal`con (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The gyrfalcon.
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Jer"guer (?), n. See Jerquer.
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Jer*id" (?), n. Same as Jereed.
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Jerk (j, v. t. [Corrupted from Peruv. charqui dried beef.] To cut into long slices or strips and dry in the sun; as, to jerk beef. See Charqui.
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Jerk, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jerked (j; p. pr. & vb. n. Jerking.] [Akin to yerk, and perh. also to yard a measure.]
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1. To beat; to strike. [Obs.] Florio.
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2. To give a quick and suddenly arrested thrust, push, pull, or twist, to; to yerk; as, to jerk one with the elbow; to jerk a coat off.
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3. To throw with a quick and suddenly arrested motion of the hand; as, to jerk a stone.
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Jerk, v. i. 1. To make a sudden motion; to move with a start, or by starts. Milton.
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2. To flout with contempt.
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Jerk, n.
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1. A short, sudden pull, thrust, push, twitch, jolt, shake, or similar motion.
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His jade gave him a jerk. B. Jonson.
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2. A sudden start or spring.
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Lobsters . . . swim backwards by jerks or springs. Grew.
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3. A foolish, stupid, or otherwise contemptible person. [Slang]
Syn. -- jerkoff.
PJC]

4. (Sport) The lifting of a weight, in a single rapid motion, from shoulder height until the arms are outstretched above the head; distinguished from press in that the motion in a jerk is more rapid, and the body may be moved under the weight to assist completion of the movement; as, a clean and jerk of two hundred pounds.
PJC]

2. Calisthenic exercises, such as push-ups or deep knee bends; also called physical jerks. [British]
PJC]

Jerk"er (?), n.
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1. A beater. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
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2. One who jerks or moves with a jerk.
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3. (Zo\'94l.) A North American river chub (Hybopsis biguttatus).
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Jer"kin (?), n. [Dim. of D. jurk a frock.] A jacket or short coat; a close waistcoat. Shak.
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Jer"kin, n. (Zo\'94l.) A male gyrfalcon.
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Jerk"ing (?), n. The act of pulling, pushing, or throwing, with a jerk. -- Jerk"ing*ly, adv.
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Jer"kin*head` (?), n. (Arch.) The hipped part of a roof which is hipped only for a part of its height, leaving a truncated gable.
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jerk"off (?), a. A lazy, foolish, stupid, or otherwise contemptible person; -- an offensive and disparaging term. [vulgar slang]
Syn. -- jerk.
PJC]

jerk` off" (?), v. i. To masturbate. [vulgar slang]
Syn. -- whack off.
PJC]

jerkwater adj. [from jerk + water, a place where it is necessary to draw (jerk) water to supply the boiler of a steam engine.] 1. small and remote and insignificant; as, a jerkwater college.
Syn. -- one-horse, pokey, poky.
WordNet 1.5]

2. (Railroads) Off the main railroad line. [Archaic]
PJC]

jerk"y (?), a. 1. Moving by jerks and starts; characterized by abrupt transitions; as, a jerky vehicle; a jerky style.
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2. Foolish; ridiculous; stupid. [slang]
PJC]

jerk"y (?), n. [Corrupted from Peruv. charqui dried beef.] Meat, especially beef, that has been cut in strips and dried; meat that has been jerked; see first jerk, v.; as, beef jerky
PJC]

Jer*moon"al (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The Himalayan snow partridge.
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Je*ron"y*mite (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) One belonging of the medi\'91val religious orders called Hermits of St. Jerome. [Written also Hieronymite.]
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Jer`o*pig"i*a (?), n. See Geropigia.
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Jer"quer (?), n. [Cf. F. chercher to search, E. search.] A customhouse officer who searches ships for unentered goods. [Eng.] [Written also jerguer.]
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Jer"quing (?), n. The searching of a ship for unentered goods. [Eng.] [Written also jerguer.]
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Jer"quing (?), n. The searching of a ship for unentered goods. [Eng.]
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Jer"ry (?), a. Flimsy; jerry-built. -- Jer"ry*ism (#), n. [Both Builder's Cant]
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

Jer"ry-build`er (?), n. [Prob. fr. the proper name Jerry, familiar form of Jeremiah.] A professional builder who erects cheap dwellings of poor materials and unsubstantial and slovenly construction.
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

Jer"ry-built` (?), a. 1. Built hastily and of bad materials; as, jerry-built houses.
Syn. -- slipshod, ramshackle, flimsy.
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2. Developed in an unsystematic or inexpert manner; built haphazardly; -- used of objects, organizations, plans, etc.
PJC]

Jer"sey (?), n.; pl. Jerseys (#). [From Jersey, the largest of the Channel Islands.]
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1. The finest of wool separated from the rest; combed wool; also, fine yarn of wool.
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2. A kind of knitted jacket; hence, in general, a closefitting jacket or upper garment made of an elastic fabric (as stockinet).
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3. One of a breed of cattle in the Island of Jersey. Jerseys are noted for the richness of their milk.
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Je*ru"sa*lem (j, n. [Gr. 'Ieroysalh`m, fr. Heb. Y.] The chief city of Palestine, intimately associated with the glory of the Jewish nation, and the life and death of Jesus Christ.
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Jerusalem artichoke [Perh. a corrupt. of It. girasole i.e., sunflower, or turnsole. See Gyre, Solar.] (Bot.) (a) An American plant, a perennial species of sunflower (Helianthus tuberosus), whose tubers are sometimes used as food. (b) One of the tubers themselves. -- Jerusalem cherry (Bot.), the popular name of either of two species of Solanum (Solanum Pseudo-capsicum and Solanum capsicastrum), cultivated as ornamental house plants. They bear bright red berries of about the size of cherries. -- Jerusalem oak (Bot.), an aromatic goosefoot (Chenopodium Botrys), common about houses and along roadsides. -- Jerusalem sage (Bot.), a perennial herb of the Mint family (Phlomis tuberosa). -- Jerusalem thorn (Bot.), a spiny, leguminous tree (Parkinsonia aculeata), widely dispersed in warm countries, and used for hedges. -- The New Jerusalem, Heaven; the Celestial City.
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Jer"vine (?), n. [Prob. fr. Sp. yerba herb, OSp., the poison of the veratrum.] (Chem.) A poisonous alkaloid resembling veratrine, and found with it in white hellebore (Veratrum album); -- called also jervina.
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Jess (?), n.; pl. Jesses (#). [OF. gies, giez, prop. pl. of giet, get, jet, F. jet, a throwing, jess. See Jet a shooting forth.] (falconry) A short strap of leather or silk secured round the leg of a hawk, to which the leash or line, wrapped round the falconer's hand, was attached when used. See Illust. of Falcon.
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Like a hawk, which feeling freed
jesses which did let her flight.
Spenser.
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Jes"sa*mine (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Jasmine.
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Jes"sant (?), a. (Her.) Springing up or emerging; -- said of a plant or animal.
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Jes"se (?), n. [LL. Jesse, the father of David, fr. Gr. Yishai.] Any representation or suggestion of the genealogy of Christ, in decorative art; as: (a) A genealogical tree represented in stained glass. (b) A candlestick with many branches, each of which bears the name of some one of the descendants of Jesse; -- called also tree of Jesse.
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Jesse window (Arch.), a window of which the glazing and tracery represent the tree of Jesse.
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Jessed (?), a. (Her.) Having jesses on, as a hawk.
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Jest (j, n. [OE. jeste, geste, deed, action, story, tale, OF. geste, LL. gesta, orig., exploits, neut. pl. from L. gestus, p. p. of gerere to bear, carry, accomplish, perform; perh. orig., to make to come, bring, and perh. akin to E. come. Cf. Gest a deed, Register, n.]
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1. A deed; an action; a gest. [Obs.]
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The jests or actions of princes. Sir T. Elyot.
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2. A mask; a pageant; an interlude. [Obs.] Nares.
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He promised us, in honor of our guest,
jest.
Kyd.
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3. Something done or said in order to amuse; a joke; a witticism; a jocose or sportive remark or phrase. See Synonyms under Jest, v. i.
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I must be sad . . . smile at no man's jests. Shak.
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The Right Honorable gentleman is indebted to his memory for his jests, and to his imagination for his facts. Sheridan.
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4. The object of laughter or sport; a laughingstock.
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Then let me be your jest; I deserve it. Shak.
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In jest, for mere sport or diversion; not in truth and reality; not in earnest.
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And given in earnest what I begged in jest. Shak.

-- Jest book, a book containing a collection of jests, jokes, and amusing anecdotes; a Joe Miller.
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Jest, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jested; p. pr. & vb. n. Jesting.]
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1. To take part in a merrymaking; -- especially, to act in a mask or interlude. [Obs.] Shak.
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2. To make merriment by words or actions; to joke; to make light of anything.
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He jests at scars that never felt a wound. Shak.

Syn. -- To joke; sport; rally. -- To Jest, Joke. One jests in order to make others laugh; one jokes to please himself. A jest is usually at the expense of another, and is often ill-natured; a joke is a sportive sally designed to promote good humor without wounding the feelings of its object. \'bdJests are, therefore, seldom harmless; jokes frequently allowable. The most serious subject may be degraded by being turned into a jest.\'b8 Crabb.
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Jest"er, n. [Cf. Gestour.] 1. A buffoon; a merry-andrew; a court fool.
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This . . . was Yorick's skull, the king's jester. Shak.
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Dressed in the motley garb that jesters wear. Longfellow.
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2. A person addicted to jesting, or to indulgence in light and amusing talk.
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He ambled up and down
jesters.
Shak.
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Jest"ful (?), a. Given to jesting; full of jokes.
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Jest"ing, a. Sportive; not serious; fit for jests.
Syn. -- joking.
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He will find that these are no jesting matters. Macaulay.
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Jest"ing, n. The act or practice of making jests; joking; pleasantry. Eph. v. 4.
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Jest"ing*ly, adv. In a jesting manner.
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Je"su (?), n. [L., vocative and oblique cases of Jesus.] Jesus. [Poetical]

Jesu, give the weary
S. Baring-Gould.
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

Jes"u*it (?), n. [F. J\'82suite, Sp. Jesuita: cf. It. Gesuita.] 1. (R. C. Ch.) One of a religious order founded by Ignatius Loyola, and approved in 1540, under the title of The Society of Jesus.
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Jesuit, Jesuitical, and the like, have acquired an opprobrious sense.
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2. Fig.: A crafty person; an intriguer.
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Jesuits' bark, Peruvian bark, or the bark of certain species of Cinchona; -- so called because its medicinal properties were first made known in Europe by Jesuit missionaries to South America. -- Jesuits' drops. See Friar's balsam, under Friar. -- Jesuits' nut, the European water chestnut. -- Jesuits' powder, powdered cinchona bark. -- Jesuits' tea, a Chilian leguminous shrub, used as a tea and medicinally.
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Jes"u*it*ed, a. Conforming to the principles of the Jesuits. Milton.
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Jes"u*it*ess, n. [Cf. F. J\'82suitesse.] (R. C. Hist.) One of an order of nuns established on the principles of the Jesuits, but suppressed by Pope Urban in 1633.

{ Jes`u*it"ic (?), Jes`u*it"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. j\'82suitique.]
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1. Of or pertaining to the Jesuits, or to their principles and methods.
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2. Designing; cunning; deceitful; crafty; -- an opprobrious use of the word. Dryden.
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Jes`u*it"ic*al*ly, adv. In a jesuitical manner.
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Jes"u*it*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. j\'82suitisme.]
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1. The principles and practices of the Jesuits.
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2. Cunning; deceit; deceptive practices to effect a purpose; subtle argument; -- an opprobrious use of the word.
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Jes`u*it*oc"ra*cy (?), n. [Jesuit + -cracy, as in aristocracy.] Government by Jesuits; also, the whole body of Jesuits in a country. [R.] C. Kingsley.
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Jes"u*it*ry (?), n. Jesuitism; subtle argument. [R.] Carlyle.
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Je"sus (j, prop. n. [L. Jesus, Gr. Y; Y\'beh Jehovah + h to help.] The Savior; the name of the Son of God as announced by the angel to his parents; the personal name of Our Lord, in distinction from Christ, his official appellation. Luke i. 31.
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Thou shalt call his name Jesus; for he shall save his people from their sins. Matt. i. 21.
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Jesu is often used, esp. in the vocative.
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Jesu, do thou my soul receive. Keble.
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The Society of Jesus. The Roman Catholic order whose members are called Jesuits. See Jesuit.
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Jet (?), n. Same as 2d Get. [Obs.] Chaucer.
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Jet, n. [OF. jet, jayet, F. ja\'8bet, jais, L. gagates, fr. Gr. [written also jeat, jayet.] (Min.) A variety of lignite, of a very compact texture and velvet black color, susceptible of a good polish, and often wrought into mourning jewelry, toys, buttons, etc. Formerly called also black amber.
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Jet ant (Zo\'94l.), a blackish European ant (Formica fuliginosa), which builds its nest of a paperlike material in the trunks of trees.
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Jet, n. [F. jet, OF. get, giet, L. jactus a throwing, a throw, fr. jacere to throw. Cf. Abject, Ejaculate, Gist, Jess, Jut.]
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1. A shooting forth; a spouting; a spurt; a sudden rush or gush, as of water from a pipe, or of flame from an orifice; also, that which issues in a jet.
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2. Drift; scope; range, as of an argument. [Obs.]
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3. The sprue of a type, which is broken from it when the type is cold. Knight.
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Jet propeller (Naut.), a device for propelling vessels by means of a forcible jet of water ejected from the vessel, as by a centrifugal pump. -- Jet pump, a device in which a small jet of steam, air, water, or other fluid, in rapid motion, lifts or otherwise moves, by its impulse, a larger quantity of the fluid with which it mingles.
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Jet, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jetted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jetting.] [F. jeter, L. jactare, freq. fr. jacere to throw. See 3d Jet, and cf. Jut.]
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1. To strut; to walk with a lofty or haughty gait; to be insolent; to obtrude. [Obs.]
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he jets under his advanced plumes! Shak.
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To jet upon a prince's right. Shak.
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2. To jerk; to jolt; to be shaken. [Obs.] Wiseman.
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3. To shoot forward or out; to project; to jut out.
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Jet, v. t. To spout; to emit in a stream or jet.
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A dozen angry models jetted steam. Tennyson.
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Jet"-black` (?), a. Black as jet; deep black. See first jet.
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\'d8Jet` d'eau" (?); pl. Jets d'eau (#). [F., a throw of water. See Jet a shooting forth.] A stream of water spouting, esp. upward, from a fountain or pipe for ornament; also, the fountain or pipe from which it issues.
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

\'d8Jet"e*rus (?), n. (Bot.) A yellowness of the parts of plants which are normally green; yellows.

{ \'d8Jet"sam (?), \'d8Jet"son (?), } n. [F. jeter to throw: cf. OF. getaison a throwing. Cf. Flotsam, Jettison.] 1. (Mar. Law) Goods which sink when cast into the sea, and remain under water; -- distinguished from flotsam, goods which float, and ligan (or lagan), goods which are sunk attached to a buoy.
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2. The act of throwing objects from a ship to lighten the load; jettison{1}. See Jettison, 1.
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3. Hence: Anything thrown overboard from a ship, whether floating or not.
PJC]

4. Hence: [fig.] Objects scattered about in a disorderly manner; as, he couldn't find his sneakers among the jetsam in his room. [Colloq.]
PJC]

jet" set` n. [from jet plane, the conveyance used in their travels.] an international group of wealthy individuals who travel frequently to international resorts. -- the group is not organized, but membership is defined solely by frequent travel for pleasure.
PJC]

jet-setter n. a member of the jet set.
PJC]

jet-setting n. frequent international travel for pleasure, as contrasted with business.
PJC]

<-- p. 800 -->

Jet"teau (j, n. See Jet d'eau. [R.] Addison.
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Jet"tee (j, n. See Jetty, n. Burke.
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Jet"ter (j, n. One who struts; one who bears himself jauntily; a fop. [Obs.] Palsgrave.
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Jet"ti*ness (j. n. The state of being jetty; blackness. Pennant.
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jetting adj. being propelled violently in a usually narrow stream; -- of liquids.
Syn. -- spouting, spurting, squirting.
WordNet 1.5]

Jet"ti*son (?). n. [See Jetsam.]
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1. (Mar. Law) The throwing overboard of goods from necessity, in order to lighten a vessel in danger of wreck.
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2. See Jetsam, 1.
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Jet"ton (?), n. [F. jeton.] A metal counter used in playing cards.
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Jet"ty (?), a. Made of jet, or like jet in color.
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The people . . . are of a jetty. Sir T. Browne.
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Jet"ty, n.; pl. Jetties (#). [F. jet\'82e a pier, a jetty, a causeway. See Jet a shooting forth, and cf. Jutty.]
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1. (Arch.) A part of a building that jets or projects beyond the rest, and overhangs the wall below.
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2. A wharf or pier extending from the shore.
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3. (Hydraul. Engin.) A structure of wood or stone extended into the sea to influence the current or tide, or to protect a harbor; a mole; as, the Eads system of jetties at the mouth of the Mississippi River.
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Jetty head (Naut.), a projecting part at the end of a wharf; the front of a wharf whose side forms one of the cheeks of a dock.
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Jet"ty, v. i. To jut out; to project. [Obs.] Florio.
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\'d8Jeu" d'es`prit" (?). [F., play of mind.] A witticism.
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\'d8Jeu`nesse" do`r\'82e" (?). [F.] Lit., gilded youth; young people of wealth and fashion, esp. if given to prodigal living; -- in the French Revolution, applied to young men of the upper classes who aided in suppressing the Jacobins after the Reign of Terror.
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

Jew (?), n. [OF. Juis, pl., F. Juif, L. Judaeus, Gr. Y Judah, son of Jacob. Cf. Judaic.] 1. Originally, one belonging to the tribe or kingdom of Judah; after the return from the Babylonish captivity, any member of the new state; a Hebrew; an Israelite.
1913 Webster]

2. An adherent of Judaism.
PJC]

Jew's frankincense, gum styrax, or benzoin. -- Jew's mallow (Bot.), an annual herb (Corchorus olitorius) cultivated in Syria and Egypt as a pot herb, and in India for its fiber. -- Jew's pitch, asphaltum; bitumen. -- The Wandering Jew, an imaginary personage, who, for his cruelty to Christ during his passion, is doomed to wander on the earth till Christ's second coming. -- Wandering Jew, any of several house plants of the genera Zebrina and Tradescantia having white-striped leaves, especially the creeping plants Zebrina pendula and Tradescantia fluminensis.
1913 Webster +PJC]

Jew-baiter n. someone who hates and would persecute Jews; an anti-Semite.
Syn. -- anti-Semite.
WordNet 1.5]

Jew"bush` (?), n. (Bot.) A euphorbiaceous shrub of the genus Pedilanthus (P. tithymaloides), found in the West Indies, and possessing powerful emetic and drastic qualities.
1913 Webster]

Jew"el (jor j, n. [OE. juel, jowel, OF. jouel, juel, joiel, F. joyau, dim. of OF. joie joy, jewel, F. joie joy. See Joy.]
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1. An ornament of dress usually made of a precious metal, and having enamel or precious stones as a part of its design.
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Plate of rare device, and jewels
Shak.
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2. A precious stone; a gem. Shak.
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3. An object regarded with special affection; a precious thing. \'bdOur prince (jewel of children).\'b8 Shak.
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4. A bearing for a pivot a pivot in a watch, formed of a crystal or precious stone, as a ruby.
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Jewel block (Naut.), block at the extremity of a yard, through which the halyard of a studding sail is rove.
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Jew"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jeweled (?), or Jewelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Jeweling, or Jewelling.] To dress, adorn, deck, or supply with jewels, as a dress, a sword hilt, or a watch; to bespangle, as with jewels; to bejewel.
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The long gray tufts . . . are jeweled thick with dew. M. Arnold.
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jeweled jewelled adj. covered with beads or jewels or sequins.
Syn. -- beaded, beady, bejewelled, bejeweled, bespangled, gemmed, sequined, spangled, spangly.
WordNet 1.5]

Jew"el*er (jor j, n. [Cf. F. joaillier.] One who makes, or deals in, jewels, precious stones, and similar ornaments. [Written also jeweller.]
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Jeweler's gold. See under Gold.
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Jew"el*ler*y (jor j, n. See Jewelry. [Chiefly Brit.] Burke.
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Jew"el*ry (jor j, n. [Cf. F. joaillerie.]
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1. The art or trade of a jeweler. Cotgrave.
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2. Jewels, collectively; as, a bride's jewelry.
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jewels-of-opar n. An erect plant (Talinum paniculatum) with tuberous roots and terminal panicles of red to yellow flowers, grwing from Southwestern North America to Central America; it has been widely introduced elsewhere.
Syn. -- Talinum paniculatum.
WordNet 1.5]

Jew"el*weed` (?), n. (Bot.) See Impatiens.
1913 Webster]

Jew"ess, n., fem. of Jew. A female Jew; a Hebrew woman; a female adherent of Judaism.
1913 Webster +PJC]

Jew"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) 1. A very large serranoid fish (Promicrops itaiara) of Florida and the Gulf of Mexico. It often reaches the weight of five hundred pounds. Its color is olivaceous or yellowish, with numerous brown spots. Called also guasa, and warsaw.
1913 Webster]

2. A similar gigantic fish (Stereolepis gigas) of Southern California, valued as a food fish.
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3. The black grouper of Florida and Texas.
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4. A large herringlike fish; the tarpum.
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Jew*ise" (?), n. Same as Juise. [Obs.] Chaucer.
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Jew"ish (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to the Jews or Hebrews; characteristic of or resembling the Jews or their customs; Israelitish. -- Jew"ish*ly, adv. -- Jew"ish*ness, n.
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2. Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of Judaism.
PJC]

Jew"ish cal"en*dar. A lunisolar calendar in use among Hebraic peoples, reckoning from the year 3761 b. c., the date traditionally given for the Creation. It received its present fixed form from Hillel II. about 360 a. d. The present names of the months, which are Babylonian-Assyrian in origin, replaced older ones, Abib, Bul, etc., at the time of the Babylonian Exile. Nineteen years constitute a lunar cycle, of which the 3d, 6th, 8th, 11th, 14th, 17th, and 19th years are leap years. The year 5663 [1902-3 a. d.] was the first year of the 299th lunar cycle. The common year is said to be defective, regular, or perfect (or abundant) according as it has 353, 354, or 355 days. The leap year has an intercalary month, and a total of 383 (defective), 384 (regular), or 385 (perfect, or abundant) days. The calendar is complicated by various rules providing for the harmonious arrangement of festivals, etc., so that no simple perpetual calendar can be constructed. The following table gives the months in order, with the number of days assigned to each. Only three months vary in length. They are: Heshvan, which has 30 days in perfect years; Kislev, which has 30 days in regular and perfect years; and Adar, which has 30 days in leap years. The ecclesiastical year commences with Nisan and the civil year with Tishri. The date of the first of Tishri, or the Jewish New Year, is also given for the Jewish years 5661-5696 (1900-1935 a. d.). From these tables it is possible to transform any Jewish date into Christian, or vice versa, for the years 1900-1935 a. d.

Months of the Jewish Year.


 1 Tishri . . . . . . 30
 2 Heshvan . . . . .  29 (r. & d.)
                                or 30 (p.)
 3 Kislev . . . . . . 29 (d.) or
                                   30 (r. & p.)
 4 Tebet . . . . . .  29
 5 Shebat . . . . . . 30
 6 Adar . . . . . . . 29 or
                                   30 (l.)
 -- Veadar . . . . .  29
    (occuring only in leap years)
 7 Nisan . . . . . . .30
 8 Ivar . . . . . . ..29
 9 Sivan . . . . . . .30
10 Tammux . . . . . . 29
11 Ab . . . . . . . . 30
12 Elul . . . . . . ..29

<-- note the use of double quotes here as "ditto" marks, which will throw off automatic quote matching!! -->

Jewish Year a. d.

5661 p. begins Sept. 24, 1900 5662 d.l. \'bd \'bd 14, 1901 5663 p. \'bd Oct. 2, 1902 5664 r. \'bd Sept. 22, 1903 5665 p.l. \'bd \'bd 10, 1904 5666 p. \'bd \'bd 30, 1905 5667 r. \'bd \'bd 20, 1906 5668 d.l. \'bd \'bd 6, 1907 5669 p. \'bd \'bd 26, 1908 5670 d.l. \'bd \'bd 16, 1909 5671 r. \'bd Oct. 4, 1910 5672 p. \'bd Sept. 23, 1911 5673 p.l. \'bd \'bd 12, 1912 5674 r. \'bd Oct. 2, 1913 5675 d. \'bd Sept. 21, 1914 5676 p.l. \'bd \'bd 9, 1915 5677 r. \'bd \'bd 28, 1916 5678 p. \'bd \'bd 17, 1917 5679 d.l. begins Sept. 7, 1918 5680 r. \'bd \'bd 25, 1919 5681 p.l. \'bd \'bd 13, 1920 5682 p. \'bd Oct. 3, 1921 5683 d. \'bd Sept. 23, 1922 5684 r.l. \'bd \'bd 11, 1923 5685 p. \'bd \'bd 29, 1924 5686 p. \'bd \'bd 19, 1925 5687 d.l. \'bd \'bd 9, 1926 5688 r. \'bd \'bd 27, 1927 5689 p.l. \'bd \'bd 15, 1928 5690 d. \'bd Oct. 5, 1929 5691 r. \'bd Sept. 23, 1930 5692 p.l. \'bd \'bd 12, 1931 5693 p. \'bd Oct. 1, 1932 5694 r. \'bd Sept. 23, 1933 5695 d.l. \'bd \'bd 10, 1934 5696 p. \'bd \'bd 28, 1935

d. = defective year; d.l. = defective leap year; p. = perfect year; p.l. = perfect leap year; r. = regular year; r.l. = regular leap year.
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

Jew"ry (?), n. [OE. Jewerie, OF. Juierie, F. Juiverie.] 1. Judea; also, a district inhabited by Jews; a Jews' quarter. Chaucer.
1913 Webster]

Teaching throughout all Jewry. Luke xxiii. 5.
1913 Webster]

2. Jewish people, collectively.
PJC]

Jew's"-ear`, Jew's"-ears` (?), n. (Bot.) A widely distributed species of edible fungus (Auricularia auricula-judae, formerly Hirneola Auricula-Jud\'91, or Hirneola Auricula), bearing some resemblance to the human ear and growing on decaying wood.
Syn. -- ear fungus, .
1913 Webster + WordNet 1.5]

Jew's-harp` (?), n. [Jew + harp; or possibly a corrupt. of jaw's harp; cf. G. maultrommel, lit., mouthdrum.] 1. An instrument of music, which, when placed between the teeth, gives, by means of a bent metal tongue struck by the finger, a sound which is modulated by the breath; -- called also Jew's-trump.
1913 Webster]

2. (Naut.) The shackle for joining a chain cable to an anchor.
1913 Webster]

{ Jew's-stone` (?), Jew"stone` (?) }, n. (Paleon.) A large clavate spine of a fossil sea urchin.
1913 Webster]

Jez"e*bel (?), n. [From Jezebel, Heb. Izebel, the wife of Ahab king of Israel.] A bold, vicious woman; a termagant. Spectator.
1913 Webster]

Jha"ral (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A wild goat (Capra Jemlaica) which inhabits the loftiest mountains of India. It has long, coarse hair, forming a thick mane on its head and neck.
1913 Webster]

Jib (j, n. [Named from its shifting from side to side. See Jib, v. i.., Jibe.]
1913 Webster]

1. (Naut.) A triangular sail set upon a stay or halyard extending from the foremast or fore-topmast to the bowsprit or the jib boom. Large vessels often carry several jibs; as, inner jib; outer jib; flying jib; etc.
1913 Webster]

2. (Mach.) The projecting arm of a crane, from which the load is suspended.
1913 Webster]

3. One that jibs, or balks; a jibber.
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

4. A stationary condition; a standstill.
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

Jib boom (Naut.), a spar or boom which serves as an extension of the bowsprit. It is sometimes extended by another spar called the flying jib boom. [Written also gib boom.] -- Jib crane (Mach.), a crane having a horizontal jib on which a trolley moves, bearing the load. -- Jib door (Arch.), a door made flush with the wall, without dressings or moldings; a disguised door. -- Jib header (Naut.), a gaff-topsail, shaped like a jib; a jib-headed topsail. -- Jib topsail (Naut.), a small jib set above and outside of all the other jibs. -- The cut of one's jib, one's outward appearance. [Colloq.] Sir W. Scott.
1913 Webster]

Jib (?), v. i. [Connected with jibe; cf. OF. giber to shake.] To move restively backward or sidewise, -- said of a horse; to balk. [Written also jibb.] [Eng.]
1913 Webster]

Jib, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Jibbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jibbing.] Also Jibb. [Cf. Jib a sail, Gybe.] (Chiefly Naut.) To shift, or swing round, as a sail, boom, yard, etc., as in tacking.
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

Jib"ber (?), n. A horse that jibs. [Eng.]
1913 Webster]

Jibe (j, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jibed (j; p. pr. & vb. n. Jibing (j.] [Cf. Dan. gibbe, D. gijpen, v. i., and dial. Sw. gippa to jerk. Cf. Jib, n. & v. i.] (Naut.) To shift, as the boom of a fore-and-aft sail, from one side of a vessel to the other when the wind is aft or on the quarter. See Gybe.
1913 Webster]

Jibe, v. i. 1. (Naut.) To change a ship's course so as to cause a shifting of the boom. See Jibe, v. t., and Gybe.
1913 Webster]

2. To agree; to harmonize. [Colloq.] Bartlett.
1913 Webster]

Jif"fy (?), n. [Perh. corrupt. fr. gliff.] [Written also giffy.] A moment; an instant; as, I will be ready in a jiffy. [Colloq.] J. & H. Smith.
1913 Webster]

Jig (?), n. [OF. gigue a stringed instrument, a kind of dance, F. gigue dance, tune, gig; of German origin; cf. MHG. g\'c6ge fiddle, G. geige. Cf. Gig a fiddle, Gig a whirligig.]
1913 Webster]

1. (Mus.) A light, brisk musical movement.
1913 Webster]

Hot and hasty, like a Scotch jig. Shak.
1913 Webster]

3. A light, humorous piece of writing, esp. in rhyme; a farce in verse; a ballad. [Obs.]
1913 Webster]

A jig shall be clapped at, and every rhyme
Beau. & Fl.
1913 Webster]

4. A piece of sport; a trick; a prank. [Obs.]
1913 Webster]

Is't not a fine jig,
Beau. & Fl.
1913 Webster]

5. A trolling bait, consisting of a bright spoon and a hook attached.
1913 Webster]

6. (Mach.) (a) A small machine or handy tool; esp.: (Metal Working) A contrivance fastened to or inclosing a piece of work, and having hard steel surfaces to guide a tool, as a drill, or to form a shield or template to work to, as in filing. (b) (Mining) An apparatus or a machine for jigging ore.
1913 Webster]

Drill jig, a jig for guiding a drill. See Jig, 6 (a). -- Jig drilling, Jig filing (Metal Working), a process of drilling or filing in which the action of the tool is directed or limited by a jig. -- Jig saw, a sawing machine with a narrow, vertically reciprocating saw, used to cut curved and irregular lines, or ornamental patterns in openwork, a scroll saw; -- called also gig saw.
1913 Webster]

Jig, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jigged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jigging (?).]
1913 Webster]

1. To sing to the tune of a jig.
1913 Webster]

Jig off a tune at the tongue's end. Shak.
1913 Webster]

2. To trick or cheat; to cajole; to delude. Ford.
1913 Webster]

3. (Mining) To sort or separate, as ore in a jigger or sieve. See Jigging, n.
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4. (Metal Working) To cut or form, as a piece of metal, in a jigging machine.
1913 Webster]

Jig, v. i. 1. To dance a jig; to skip about.
1913 Webster]

You jig, you amble, and you lisp. Shak.
1913 Webster]

2. To move with a skip or rhythm; to move with vibrations or jerks.

The fin would jig off slowly, as if it were looking for nothing at all. Kipling.
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

jig"a*boo n. A negro, especially an African-American; -- an offensive term usually intended as an ethnic slur. [vulgar and offensive]
Syn. -- nigger, spade, coon, nigra.
WordNet 1.5]

Jig"ger (j, n. [A corrupt. of chigre.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A species of flea (Tunga penetrans, or Sarcopsylla penetrans, or Pulex penetrans), which burrows beneath the skin; called also jigger flea. See Chigoe.
1913 Webster]

2. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of small red mites (esp. Tetranychus irritans and T. Americanus) of the family Trombiculidae, which, in the larval or leptus stage, burrow beneath the skin of man and various animals, causing great annoyance. Also called chigger. [Southern U. S.]
Webster 1913 Suppl. +PJC]

Jig"ger, n. [See Jig, n. & v.] 1. One who, or that which, jigs; specifically, a miner who sorts or cleans ore by the process of jigging; also, the sieve used in jigging.
1913 Webster]

2. (Pottery) (a) A horizontal table carrying a revolving mold, on which earthen vessels are shaped by rapid motion; a potter's wheel. (b) A template or tool by which vessels are shaped on a potter's wheel.
1913 Webster]

3. (Naut.) (a) A light tackle, consisting of a double and single block and the fall, used for various purposes, as to increase the purchase on a topsail sheet in hauling it home; the watch tackle. Totten. (b) A small fishing vessel, rigged like a yawl. [New Eng.] (c) A supplementary sail. See Dandy, n., 2 (b).
1913 Webster]

4. A pendulum rolling machine for slicking or graining leather; same as Jack, 4 (i).
1913 Webster]

5. A small glass or measuring vessel holding 1
PJC]

6. A thingamajig. [Colloq.]
PJC]

Jigger mast. (Naut.) (a) The after mast of a four-masted vessel. (b) The small mast set at the stern of a yawl-rigged boat.
1913 Webster]

Jig"ger (?), v. t. [Cf. Jiggle.] To move, send, or drive with a jerk; to jerk; also, to drive or send over with a jerk, as a golf ball.

He could jigger the ball o'er a steeple tall as most men would jigger a cop. Harper's Mag.
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

jiggery-pokery n. A verbal misrepresentation intended to take advantage of a person in some way.
Syn. -- trickery, hocus-pocus, slickness, hanky panky, skulduggery, skullduggery.
WordNet 1.5]

Jig"ging (?), n. (Mining) The act or using a jig; the act of separating ore with a jigger, or wire-bottomed sieve, which is moved up and down in water.
1913 Webster]

Jigging machine. (a) (Mining) A machine for separating ore by the process of jigging. (b) (Metal Working) A machine with a rotary milling cutter and a template by which the action of the cutter is guided or limited; -- used for forming the profile of an irregularly shaped piece; a profiling machine.
1913 Webster]

Jig"gish (?), a. 1. Resembling, or suitable for, a jig, or lively movement. Tatler.
1913 Webster]

2. Playful; frisky. [R.]
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She is never sad, and yet not jiggish. Habington.
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Jig"gle (?), v. i. [Freq. of jig.] To wriggle or frisk about; to move awkwardly; to shake up and down.
1913 Webster]

Jig"jog` (?), n. A jolting motion; a jogging pace.
1913 Webster]

Jig"jog, a. Having a jolting motion.
1913 Webster]

{Ji*had", Je*had"} (?), n. [Ar. jih\'bed.] (Moham.) A religious war against infidels or Mohammedan heretics; also, any bitter war or crusade for a principle or belief.

[Their] courage in war . . . had not, like that of the Mohammedan dervishes of the Sudan, or of Mohammedans anywhere engaged in a jehad, a religious motive and the promise of future bliss behind it. James Bryce.
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

Jill (?), n. [See Gill sweetheart.] A young woman; a sweetheart. See Gill. Beau. & Fl.
1913 Webster]

Jill"-flirt` (?), n. A light, giddy, or wanton girl or woman. See Gill-flirt.
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Jilt (?), n. [Contr. fr. Scot. jillet a giddy girl, a jill-flirt, dim. of jill a jill.] A woman who capriciously deceives her lover; a coquette; a flirt. Otway.
1913 Webster]

Jilt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jilted; p. pr. & vb. n. Jilting.] To cast off capriciously or unfeelingly, as a lover; to deceive in love. Locke.
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Jilt, v. i. To play the jilt; to practice deception in love; to discard lovers capriciously. Congreve.
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Jim"crack` (?), n. See Gimcrack.
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Jim Crow n. 1. A negro; -- said to be so called from a popular negro dance song, the refrain of which is \'bdWheel about and turn about and jump Jim Crow,\'b8 produced in 1835 by Thomas D. Rice (1808-1860), a famous negro minstrel; -- considered disparaging and offensive. [Offensive slang, U. S.]
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

2. A legally sanctioned system of racial discrimination practised in the southern United States until declared unconstitutional in 1953 and further restricted by federal legislation, by means of which negroes were segregated and discriminated against in employment and in many places of public accommodation, such as parks, commercial establishments, and public transportation.
PJC]

Jim"-crow` (?), a. For negroes only; set aside for used of negroes as a policy of racial discrimination.
PJC]

Jim"-crow` (?), n. (Mach.) 1. A machine for bending or straightening rails.
1913 Webster]

2. A planing machine with a reversing tool, to plane both ways.
1913 Webster]

jimdandy n. 1. someone excellent of their kind; as, he's a jimdandy of a soldier.
Syn. -- jimhickey, crackerjack.
WordNet 1.5]

2. something excellent of its kind; as, the bike was a jimdandy.
Syn. -- jimhickey, crackerjack.
WordNet 1.5]

jimhickey n. Same as jimdandy.
Syn. -- jimdandy, crackerjack.
WordNet 1.5]

jimmies n. pl. Small cylindrical bits of sweet chocolate used as a granular topping on e.g. ice cream.
Syn. -- sprinkles.
WordNet 1.5]

Jim"my (?), n.; pl. Jimmies (#). [Cf. Jemmy.] A short crowbar used by burglars in breaking open doors. [Written also jemmy.]
1913 Webster]

jim"my (?), n.; pl. jimmies (#). [Rhyming slang: Jimmy Grant, for immigrant. RHUD] An immigrant. [Australian slang]
PJC]

jim"my (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. jimmied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. jimmying (?).] To pry open (a door, window, etc.) with a jimmy or similar device; often used with open; as, the burglar jimmied open the back door and stole the TV set.
PJC]

Jimp (?), a. [Cf. Gimp, a.] 1. Neat; handsome; elegant. See Gimp.
1913 Webster]

2. Slender; trim.
PJC]

2. Scant; barely enough. RHUD
PJC]

Jim"son weed` (?). See Jamestown weed. [Local, U.S.]

{ Jin, Jinn (?) }, n. See Jinnee. \'bdSolomon is said to have had power over the jin.\'b8 Balfour (Cyc. of India).
1913 Webster]

Jin*gal" (?), n. [Hind. jang\'bel a swivel, a large musket.] A small portable piece of ordnance, mounted on a swivel. [Written also gingal and jingall.] [India]
1913 Webster]

Jin"gle (?), v. i. [OE. gingelen, ginglen; prob. akin to E. chink; cf. also E. jangle.]
1913 Webster]

1. To sound with a fine, sharp, rattling, clinking, or tinkling sound; as, sleigh bells jingle. [Written also gingle.]
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2. To rhyme or sound with a jingling effect. \'bdJingling street ballads.\'b8 Macaulay.
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Jin"gle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jingled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jingling (?).] To cause to give a sharp metallic sound as a little bell, or as coins shaken together; to tinkle.
1913 Webster]

The bells she jingled, and the whistle blew. Pope.
1913 Webster]

Jin"gle, n. 1. A rattling, clinking, or tinkling sound, as of little bells or pieces of metal.
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2. That which makes a jingling sound, as a rattle.
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If you plant where savages are, do not only entertain them with trifles and jingles, but use them justly. Bacon.
1913 Webster]

3. A correspondence of sound in rhymes, especially when the verse has little merit; hence, a rhyming verse of no poetical merit. \'bd The least jingle of verse.\'b8 Guardian.
The verses used in commercial advertisements are often called jingles, especially when sung.
1913 Webster]

Jingle shell. See Gold shell (b), under Gold.
1913 Webster]

Jin"gler (?), n. One who, or that which, jingles.
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Jin"gling (?), n. The act or process of producing a jingle; also, the sound itself; a chink. \'bdThe jingling of the guinea.\'b8 Tennyson.
1913 Webster]

Jin"gling*ly, adv. So as to jingle. Lowell.
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Jin"go (?), n.; pl. Jingoes (#). [Said to be a corruption of St. Gingoulph.]
1913 Webster]

1. A word used as a jocular oath. \'bdBy the living jingo.\'b8 Goldsmith.
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2. A statesman who pursues, or who favors, aggressive, domineering policy in foreign affairs; a bellicose superpatriot or chavinist. [Cant, Eng.]
1913 Webster +PJC]

1913 Webster]

We don't want to fight, but by Jingo if we do,

1913 Webster]

jin"go*ism (?), n. 1. The policy of the Jingoes, so called. See Jingo, 2. [Cant, Eng.]
1913 Webster]

2. Hence: A bellicose patriotism; aggressive chauvinism; belligerence in international relations.
PJC]

jin"go*ist (?), n. One who is jingoistic; a bellicose patriot; an extreme bellicose nationalist; an aggressive chauvinist.
Syn. -- chauvinist, jingo, flag-waver, hundred-percenter.
WordNet 1.5 + PJC]

jin`go*ist"ic (?), a. 1. fanatically and bellicosely patriotic; aggressively chauvinistic; belligerent in international relations.
Syn. -- chauvinistic, flag-waving(prenominal), nationalistic, superpatriotic.
PJC]

2. Given to expressing partisan sentiments in slogans, especially belligerently patriotic views.
PJC]

Jink (?), v. i. [Cf. Jig, v. i.] 1. To move quickly, esp. with a sudden turn; hence, to dodge; to escape by a quick turn; -- obs. or dial., except as a hunting term in pig-sticking.
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

2. (Card Playing) In the games of spoilfive and forty-five, to win the game by taking all five tricks; also, to play to win all five tricks, losing what has been already won if unsuccessful.
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

jinks n. noisy and mischievous merrymaking.
Syn. -- high jinks, hijinks.
WordNet 1.5]

Jin"nee, Jin"ni (j, n.; pl. Jinn (j. [Ar.] (Arabian & Mohammedan Myth.) A genius or demon; one of the fabled genii, good and evil spirits, supposed to be the children of fire, and to have the power of assuming various forms. [Written also jin, djinn, djinnee, genie, etc.]
1913 Webster]

Jinn is also used as sing., with pl. jinns (.
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Jin"ny road` (?). [Cf. Gin an engine, Ginnycarriage.] (Mining) An inclined road in a coal mine, on which loaded cars descend by gravity, drawing up empty ones. Knight.
1913 Webster]

Jin*rik"i*sha (?), n. [Jap. jin man + riki power + sha carriage.] A small, two-wheeled, hooded vehicle drawn by one or more men. [Japan]
1913 Webster]

jinx (j, n. A person, object, influence, or supernatural being which is supposed to bring bad luck or to cause things to go wrong. [Slang]
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

jinx (j, v. t. To bring bad luck to; to cause to malfunction or go wrong; as, some superstitious people are reluctant to predict success for fear it will jinx them. [Slang]
PJC]

Jip"po (j, n. [Abbrev. fr. juppon.] A waistcoat or kind of stays for women.
1913 Webster]

jiqui n. A Cuban timber tree (Malpighia obovata) with hard wood very resistant to moisture.
Syn. -- Malpighia obovata.
WordNet 1.5]

jird n. Any of several North African gerbils.
WordNet 1.5]

jitney n. 1. a small bus or similar vehicle carrying passengers on a fixed route, used for public transport. [wns=1] Probably so called because they once charged a nickel for the ride. RHUD
WordNet 1.5]

2. A five-cent piece; a nickel. [slang, archaic]
PJC]

jitterbug n. a fast and vigorous American dance that was popular in the 1940s, having few standardized steps and personalized with various twirls, twists, and acrobatic moves; it was performed often to the accompaniment of swing or boogie-woogie tunes.
WordNet 1.5 +PJC]

jitterbug v. i. to do the jitterbug.
WordNet 1.5]

jitters n. an uneasy state; nervousness; as, the prospect of being drafted gave him a bad case of the jitters.
Syn. -- nervousness, nerves, screaming meemies.
WordNet 1.5]

jittery adj. being in a tense state; easily upset or frightened; -- of a person.
Syn. -- edgy, fidgety, high-strung, in suspense(predicate), jumpy, nervous, nervy, overstrung, restive, uneasy, uptight.
WordNet 1.5 +PJC]

jiujitsu n. [Jap., soft technique.] a method of self-defense without weapons that was developed in China and Japan; holds and blows are supplemented by clever use of the attacker's own weight and strength.
Syn. -- jujitsu, jiujutsu, jujutsu.
WordNet 1.5]

jive n. a style of jazz played by big bands popular in the 1930s; flowing rhythms but less complex than later styles of jazz.
Syn. -- swing, swing music.
WordNet 1.5]

Jnr. n. Abbreviation for Junior, used after a name by a son who has the same first and last name as his father; -- less commonly used than Jr.
Syn. -- Junior, Jr.
WordNet 1.5]

Jo (?), n.; pl. Joes (#). [Etymol. uncertain.] A sweetheart; a darling. [Scot.] Burns.
1913 Webster]

Job (j, n. [Prov. E. job, gob, n., a small piece of wood, v., to stab, strike; cf. E. gob, gobbet; perh. influenced by E. chop to cut off, to mince. See Gob.]
1913 Webster]

1. A sudden thrust or stab; a jab.
1913 Webster]

2. A piece of chance or occasional work; any definite work undertaken in gross for a fixed price; as, he did the job for a thousand dollars.
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3. A public transaction done for private profit; something performed ostensibly as a part of official duty, but really for private gain; a corrupt official business.
1913 Webster]

4. Any affair or event which affects one, whether fortunately or unfortunately. [Colloq.]
1913 Webster]

<-- p. 801 -->

5. A situation or opportunity of work; as, he lost his job. [Colloq.]
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6. A task, or the execution of a task; as, Michelangelo did a great job on the David statue.
PJC]

7. (Computers) A task or coordinated set of tasks for a multitasking computer, submitted for processing as a single unit, usually for execution in background. See job control language.
PJC]

Job is used adjectively to signify doing jobs, used for jobs, or let on hire to do jobs; as, job printer; job master; job horse; job wagon, etc.
1913 Webster]

By the job, at a stipulated sum for the work, or for each piece of work done; -- distinguished from time work; as, the house was built by the job. -- Job lot, a quantity of goods, usually miscellaneous, sold out of the regular course of trade, at a certain price for the whole; as, these articles were included in a job lot. -- Job master, one who lest out horses and carriages for hire, as for family use. [Eng.] -- Job printer, one who does miscellaneous printing, esp. circulars, cards, billheads, etc. -- Odd job, miscellaneous work of a petty kind; occasional work, of various kinds, or for various people. -- to do a job on, to harm badly or destroy. [slang] -- on the job, alert; performing a responsibility well. [slang]
1913 Webster +PJC]

Job (j, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jobbed (j; p. pr. & vb. n. Jobbing.]
1913 Webster]

1. To strike or stab with a pointed instrument. L'Estrange.
1913 Webster]

2. To thrust in, as a pointed instrument. Moxon.
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3. To do or cause to be done by separate portions or lots; to sublet (work); as, to job a contract.<-- = job out -->
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4. (Com.) To buy and sell, as a broker; to purchase of importers or manufacturers for the purpose of selling to retailers; as, to job goods.
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5. To hire or let by the job or for a period of service; as, to job a carriage. Thackeray.
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Job, v. i. 1. To do chance work for hire; to work by the piece; to do petty work.
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Authors of all work, to job for the season. Moore.
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2. To seek private gain under pretense of public service; to turn public matters to private advantage.
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And judges job, and bishops bite the town. Pope.
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3. To carry on the business of a jobber in merchandise or stocks.
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Job (j, n. The hero of the book of that name in the Old Testament; the prototypical patient man.
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Job's comforter. (a) A false friend; a tactless or malicious person who, under pretense of sympathy, insinuates rebukes. (b) A boil. [Colloq.] -- Job's news, bad news. Carlyle. -- Job's tears (Bot.), a kind of grass (Coix Lacryma), with hard, shining, pearly grains.
1913 Webster]

Jo*ba"tion (?), n. [Prov. E. job to scold, to reprove, perh. fr. Job, the proper name.] A scolding; a hand, tedious reproof. [Law] Grose.
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Job"ber (?), n. 1. One who works by the job.
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2. A dealer in the public stocks or funds; a stockjobber. [Eng.]
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3. One who buys goods from importers, wholesalers, or manufacturers, and sells to retailers.
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4. One who turns official or public business to private advantage; hence, one who performs low or mercenary work in office, politics, or intrigue.
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Job"ber*nowl` (?), n. [OE. jobbernoule, fr. jobarde a stupid fellow; cf. E. noll.] A blockhead. [Colloq. & Obs.] H. Taylor.
1913 Webster]

Job"ber*y (?), n. 1. The act or practice of jobbing.
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2. Underhand management; official corruption; as, municipal jobbery. Mayhew.
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Job"bing (?), a. 1. Doing chance work or odd jobs; as, a jobbing carpenter.
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2. Using opportunities of public service for private gain; as, a jobbing politician. London Sat. Rev.
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Jobbing house, a mercantile establishment which buys from importers, wholesalers or manufacturers, and sells to retailers. [U.S.]
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job control language (Computers) A programming language used to specify the manner, timing, and other requirements of execution of a task or set of tasks submitted for execution, especially in background, on a multitasking computer; a programming language for controlling job{7} execution. Abbreviated JCL.
PJC]

Jo"cant*ry (?), n. [L. jocans, p. pr. of jocare to jest, fr. jocus a jest.] The act or practice of jesting. [Obs.]
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jock n. 1. a person trained to compete in sports; an athlete. [wns=1]
Syn. -- athlete.
WordNet 1.5]

2. A jockstrap.
PJC]

3. A disk jockey.
PJC]

shock jock a radio talk-show host who is notorious for voicing unpopular, controversial, or shocking opinions guaranteed to offend many people.
PJC]

Jock"ey (?), n.; pl. Jockeys (#). [Dim. of Jack, Scot. Jock; orig., a boy who rides horses. See 2d Jack.]
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1. A professional rider of horses in races. Addison.
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2. A dealer in horses; a horse trader. Macaulay.
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3. A cheat; one given to sharp practice in trade.
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Jock"ey, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jockeyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jockeying.] 1. \'bd To jostle by riding against one.\'b8 Johnson.
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2. To play the jockey toward; to cheat; to trick; to impose upon in trade; as, to jockey a customer.
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3. To maneuver; to move in an intricate manner so as to avoid obstacles; as, to jockey a large cabinet up a winding staircase.
PJC]

Jock"ey, v. i. 1. To play or act the jockey; to cheat.
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2. To maneuver oneself aggressivley or skillfully so as to achieve an advantage; as, he jockeyed himself into position to be noticed.
PJC]

Jock"ey*ing (?), n. The act or management of one who jockeys; trickery. Beaconsfield.
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Jock"ey*ism (?), n. The practice of jockeys.
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Jock"ey*ship, n. The art, character, or position, of a jockey; the personality of a jockey.
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Go flatter Sawney for his jockeyship. Chatterton.
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Where can at last his jockeyship retire? Cowper.
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jock"ey shorts` (?), pl. n. [from a Tradename.] a type of men's underpants without legs, fitting tightly and held by an elastic waistband; also called briefs. Originally a tradename, the term has become common for that type of underpants.
PJC]

jock"strap` n. 1. a support for the external genitals worn by men engaging in vigorous athletic sports or strenuous exercise; called also athletic supporter and jock.
Syn. -- athletic supporter.
WordNet 1.5]

Jo*cose" (?), a. [L jocosus, fr. jocus joke. See Joke.] Given to jokes and jesting; containing a joke, or abounding in jokes; merry; sportive; humorous.
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To quit their austerity and be jocose and pleasant with an adversary. Shaftesbury.
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All . . . jocose or comical airs should be excluded. I. Watts.

Syn. -- Jocular; facetious; witty; merry; pleasant; waggish; sportive; funny; comical.

-- Jo*cose"ly, adv. -- Jo*cose"ness, n.
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Spondanus imagines that Ulysses may possibly speak jocosely, but in truth Ulysses never behaves with levity. Broome.
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He must beware lest his letter should contain anything like jocoseness; since jesting is incompatible with a holy and serious life. Buckle.
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Jo`co*se"ri*ous (?), a. [Jocose + serious.] Mingling mirth and seriousness. M. Green.
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Jo*cos"i*ty (?), n. A jocose act or saying; jocoseness. Sir T. Browne.
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jocote n. A common tropical American shrub or small tree (Spondias purpurea) with purplish fruit.
Syn. -- mombin, mombin tree, Spondias purpurea.
WordNet 1.5]

Joc"u*lar (?), a. [L. jocularis, fr. joculus, dim. of jocus joke. See Joke.]
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1. Given to jesting; jocose; as, a jocular person.
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2. Sportive; merry. \'bdJocular exploits.\'b8 Cowper.
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The style is serious and partly jocular. Dryden.
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Joc`u*lar"i*ty (?), n. Jesting; merriment.
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Joc"u*lar*ly (?), adv. In jest; for sport or mirth; jocosely.
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Joc"u*la*ry (?), a. [L. jocularius. Cf. Jocular.] Jocular; jocose; sportive. Bacon.
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Joc"u*la`tor (?), n. [L. See Juggler.] A jester; a joker. [Obs.] Strutt.
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Joc"u*la*to*ry (?), a. [L. joculatorius.] Droll; sportive. [Obs.] Cockeram.
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Joc"und (?), [L. jocundus, jucundus, orig., helpful, fr. juvare to help. See Aid.] Merry; cheerful; gay; airy; lively; sportive.
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Night's candles are burnt out, and jocund day
Shak.
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Rural sports and jocund strains. Prior.

-- Joc"und*ly (#), adv. -- Joc"und*ness, n.
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Joc"und, adv. Merrily; cheerfully. Gray.
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Jo*cun"di*ty (?), n. [L. jocunditas jucunditas. See Jocund, and cf. Jucundity.] The state or quality of being jocund; gayety; sportiveness.
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Joe (?), n. See Johannes.
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Joe" Mil"ler (?). [From Joseph Miller, a comic actor, whose name was attached, after his death, to a popular jest book published in 1739.] A jest book; a stale jest; a worn-out joke. [Colloq.]
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It is an old Joe Miller in whist circles, that there are only two reasons that can justify you in not returning trumps to your partner's lead; i. e., first, sudden illness; secondly, having none. Pole.
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Joe`-Pye" weed` (?). (Bot.) A tall composite plant of the genus Eupatorium (E. purpureum), with purplish flowers, and whorled leaves.
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joewood n. A West Indian shrub or small tree (Jacquinia keyensis) having leathery saponaceous leaves and extremely hard wood.
Syn. -- barbasco, Jacquinia keyensis.
WordNet 1.5]

joey (j, n. 1. Any young animal, especially a young kangaroo. [Australian]
PJC]

2. A young child. [Australian]
PJC]

3. A three-penny piece. [British slang]
PJC]

Jog (j, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jogged (j; p. pr. & vb. n. Jogging (j.] [OE. joggen; cf. W. gogi to shake, and also E. shog, shock, v.]
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1. To push or shake with the elbow or hand; to jostle; esp., to push or touch, in order to give notice, to excite one's attention, or to warn.
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Now leaps he upright, jogs me, and cries: Do you see
Donne.
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Sudden I jogged Ulysses, who was laid
Pope.
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2. To suggest to; to notify; to remind; to call the attention of; as, to jog the memory.
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3. To cause to jog; to drive at a jog, as a horse. See Jog, v. i.
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Jog, v. i. 1. To move by jogs or small shocks, like those of a slow trot; to move slowly, leisurely, or monotonously; -- usually with on, sometimes with over.
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Jog on, jog on, the footpath way. Shak.
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So hung his destiny, never to rot,
jog on and keep his trot.
Milton.
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The good old ways our sires jogged safely over. R. Browning.
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2. To run at less than maximum speed; to move on foot at a pace between a walk and a run; to run at a moderate pace so as to be able to continue for some time; -- performed by people, mostly for exercise.
PJC]

Jog, n. 1. A slight shake; a shake or push intended to give notice or awaken attention; a push; a jolt.
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To give them by turns an invisible jog. Swift.
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2. A rub; a slight stop; an obstruction; hence, an irregularity in motion of from; a hitch; a break in the direction of a line or the surface of a plane. Glanvill.
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3. A liesurely running pace. See jog{2}, v. i.
PJC]

Jog trot, a slow, regular, jolting gait; hence, a routine habit or method, persistently adhered to. T. Hook.
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Jog"ger (?), n. One who jogs; as, the paths in Central Park on a summer Saturday are filled with joggers. Dryden.
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Jog"ging (?), n. The act of giving a jog or jogs; traveling at a jog.
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Jog"gle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Joggled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Joggling (?).] [Freq. of jog.]
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1. To shake slightly; to push suddenly but slightly, so as to cause to shake or totter; to jostle; to jog.
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2. (Arch.) To join by means of joggles, so as to prevent sliding apart; sometimes, loosely, to dowel.
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The struts of a roof are joggled into the truss posts. Gwilt.
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Jog"gle, v. i. To shake or totter; to slip out of place.
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Jog"gle, n. [Arch.] A notch or tooth in the joining surface of any piece of building material to prevent slipping; sometimes, but incorrectly, applied to a separate piece fitted into two adjacent stones, or the like.
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Joggle joint (Arch.), a joint in any kind of building material, where the joining surfaces are made with joggles.
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Jo`han*ne"an (j, a. Of or pertaining to John, esp. to the Apostle John or his writings. M. Stuart.
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Jo*han"nes (j, n. [NL., fr. Gr. Y, Y, i. e., one whom Jehovah has blessed; hence F. Jean, E. John.] (Numis.) A Portuguese gold coin of the value of eight dollars, named from the figure of King John which it bears; -- often contracted into joe; as, a joe, or a half joe.
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Jo*han"nis*ber`ger (?), n. [G.] A fine white wine produced on the estate of Schloss (or Castle) Johannisberg, on the Rhine.
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John (j, n. [See Johannes.] A proper name of a man.
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John-apple, a sort of apple ripe about St. John's Day. Same as Apple-john. -- John Bull, an ideal personification of the typical characteristics of an Englishman, or of the English people. -- John Bullism, English character. W. Irving. -- John Doe (Law), the name formerly given to the fictitious plaintiff in an action of ejectment. Mozley & W. -- John Doree, John Dory. [John (or F. jaune yellow) + Doree, Dory.] (Zo\'94l.) An oval, compressed, European food fish (Zeus faber). Its color is yellow and olive, with golden, silvery, and blue reflections. It has a round dark spot on each side. Called also dory, doree, and St. Peter's fish.
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John"a*dreams` (?), n. A dreamy, idle fellow. Shak.
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John"ny (?), n.; pl. Johnnies (. 1. A familiar diminutive of John.
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2. (Zo\'94l.) A sculpin. [Local cant]
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Johny Crapaud (, a jocose designation of a Frenchman, or of the French people, collectively.
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John"ny*cake` (-k, n. A kind of bread made of the meal of maize (Indian corn), mixed with water or milk, etc., and baked. [U.S.] J. Barlow.
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John`son*ese" (?), n. The literary style of Dr. Samuel Johnson, or one formed in imitation of it; an inflated, stilted, or pompous style, affecting classical words. E. Everett.
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John"son grass` (?). [Named after W. Johnson of Alabama, who planted it about 1840-1845.] (Bot.) A tall perennial grass (Sorghum Halepense), valuable in the Southern and Western States for pasture and hay. The rootstocks are large and juicy and are eagerly sought by swine. Called also Cuba grass, Means grass, Evergreen millet, and Arabian millet.
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John*so"ni*an (?), a. Pertaining to or resembling Dr. Johnson or his style; pompous; inflated.
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John*so"ni*an*ism (?), n. A manner of acting or of writing peculiar to, or characteristic of, Dr. Johnson. [Written also Johnsonism.]
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John's"-wort` (?), n. See St. John's-wort.
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Join (join), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Joined (joind); p. pr. & vb. n. Joining.] [OE. joinen, joignen, F. joindre, fr. L. jungere to yoke, bind together, join; akin to jugum yoke. See Yoke, and cf. Conjugal, Junction, Junta.]
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1. To bring together, literally or figuratively; to place in contact; to connect; to couple; to unite; to combine; to associate; to add; to append.
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Woe unto them that join house to house. Is. v. 8.
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Held up his left hand, which did flame and burn
joined.
Shak.
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Thy tuneful voice with numbers join. Dryden.
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2. To associate one's self to; to be or become connected with; to league one's self with; to unite with; as, to join a party; to join the church.
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We jointly now to join no other head. Dryden.
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3. To unite in marriage.
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He that joineth his virgin in matrimony. Wyclif.
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What, therefore, God hath joined together, let not man put asunder. Matt. xix. 6.
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4. To enjoin upon; to command. [Obs. & R.]
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They join them penance, as they call it. Tyndale.
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5. To accept, or engage in, as a contest; as, to join encounter, battle, issue. Milton.
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6. To meet with and accompany; as, we joined them at the restaurant.
PJC]

7. To combine with (another person) in performing some activity; as, join me in welcoming our new president.
PJC]

To join battle, To join issue. See under Battle, Issue.

Syn. -- To add; annex; unite; connect; combine; consociate; couple; link; append. See Add.
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Join, v. i. To be contiguous, close, or in contact; to come together; to unite; to mingle; to form a union; as, the bones of the skull join; two rivers join.
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Whose house joined hard to the synagogue. Acts xviii. 7.
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Should we again break thy commandments, and join in affinity with the people of these abominations? Ezra ix. 14.
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Nature and fortune joined to make thee great. Shak.
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Join, n. 1. (Geom.) The line joining two points; the point common to two intersecting lines. Henrici.
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2. The place or part where objects have been joined; a joint; a seam.
PJC]

3. (Computers) The combining of multiple tables to answer a query in a relational database system.
PJC]

Join"ant (?), a. [OF. & F. joignant, p. pr. of joindre to join.] Adjoining. [Obs.] Chaucer.
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Join"der (?), n. [F. joindre. See Join, v. t.]
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1. The act of joining; a putting together; conjunction.
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Confirmed by mutual joinder of your hands. Shak.
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2. (Law) (a) A joining of parties as plaintiffs or defendants in a suit. (b) Acceptance of an issue tendered in law or fact. (c) A joining of causes of action or defense in civil suits or criminal prosecutions.
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joined adj. 1. married. unmarried
Syn. -- united.
WordNet 1.5]

2. connected by a link, as railway cars or trailer trucks.
Syn. -- coupled, linked.
WordNet 1.5]

3. connected by or sharing a wall with another building.
WordNet 1.5]

Join"er, n. 1. One who, or that which, joins.
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2. One whose occupation is to construct articles by joining pieces of wood; a mechanic who does the woodwork (as doors, stairs, etc.) necessary for the finishing of buildings. \'bdOne Snug, the joiner.\'b8 Shak.
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3. A wood-working machine, for sawing, plaining, mortising, tenoning, grooving, etc.

Syn. -- See Carpenter.
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Join"er*y (?), n. The art, or trade, of a joiner; the work of a joiner; doing the woodwork (as doors, stairs, etc.) necessary for the finishing of buildings.
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A piece of joinery . . . whimsically dovetailed. Burke.
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Join"hand` (?), n. Writing in which letters are joined in words; -- distinguished from writing in single letters. Addison.
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Joint (joint), n. [F. joint, fr. joindre, p. p. joint. See Join.]
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1. The place or part where two things or parts are joined or united; the union of two or more smooth or even surfaces admitting of a close-fitting or junction; junction; as, a joint between two pieces of timber; a joint in a pipe.
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2. A joining of two things or parts so as to admit of motion; an articulation, whether movable or not; a hinge; as, the knee joint; a node or joint of a stem; a ball and socket joint. See Articulation.
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A scaly gauntlet now, with joints of steel,
Shak.
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To tear thee joint by joint. Milton.
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3. The part or space included between two joints, knots, nodes, or articulations; as, a joint of cane or of a grass stem; a joint of the leg.
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4. Any one of the large pieces of meat, as cut into portions by the butcher for roasting.
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5. (Geol.) A plane of fracture, or divisional plane, of a rock transverse to the stratification.
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6. (Arch.) The space between the adjacent surfaces of two bodies joined and held together, as by means of cement, mortar, etc.; as, a thin joint.
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7. The means whereby the meeting surfaces of pieces in a structure are secured together.
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8. [Jag a notch.] A projecting or retreating part in something; any irregularity of line or surface, as in a wall. [Now Chiefly U. S.]
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

9. (Theaters) A narrow piece of scenery used to join together two flats or wings of an interior setting.
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

10. a disreputable establishment, or a place of low resort, as for smoking opium; -- also used for a commercial establishment, implying a less than impeccable reputation, but often in jest; as, talking about a high-class joint is an oxymoron. [Slang]
Webster 1913 Suppl. +PJC]

11. a marijuana cigarette. [Slang]
PJC]

12. prison; -- used with \'bdthe\'b8. [Slang] \'bd he spent five years in the joint.\'b8
PJC]

Coursing joint (Masonry), the mortar joint between two courses of bricks or stones. -- Fish joint, Miter joint, Universal joint, etc. See under Fish, Miter, etc. -- Joint bolt, a bolt for fastening two pieces, as of wood, one endwise to the other, having a nut embedded in one of the pieces. -- Joint chair (Railroad), the chair that supports the ends of abutting rails. -- Joint coupling, a universal joint for coupling shafting. See under Universal. -- Joint hinge, a hinge having long leaves; a strap hinge. -- Joint splice, a re\'89nforce at a joint, to sustain the parts in their true relation. -- Joint stool. (a) A stool consisting of jointed parts; a folding stool. Shak. (b) A block for supporting the end of a piece at a joint; a joint chair. -- Out of joint, out of place; dislocated, as when the head of a bone slips from its socket; hence, not working well together; disordered. \'bdThe time is out of joint.\'b8 Shak.
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<-- p. 802 -->

Joint (joint), a. [F., p. p. of joindre. See Join.]
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1. Joined; united; combined; concerted; as, joint action.
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2. Involving the united activity of two or more; done or produced by two or more working together.
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I read this joint effusion twice over. T. Hook.
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3. United, joined, or sharing with another or with others; not solitary in interest or action; holding in common with an associate, or with associates; acting together; as, joint heir; joint creditor; a joint bank account; joint debtor, etc. \'bdJoint tenants of the world.\'b8 Donne.
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4. Shared by, or affecting two or more; held in common; as, joint property; a joint bond.
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A joint burden laid upon us all. Shak.
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Joint committee (Parliamentary Practice), a committee composed of members of the two houses of a legislative body, for the appointment of which concurrent resolutions of the two houses are necessary. Cushing. -- Joint meeting, or Joint session, the meeting or session of two distinct bodies as one; as, a joint meeting of committees representing different corporations; a joint session of both branches of a State legislature to chose a United States senator. \'bdSuch joint meeting shall not be dissolved until the electoral votes are all counted and the result declared.\'b8 Joint Rules of Congress, U. S. -- Joint resolution (Parliamentary Practice), a resolution adopted concurrently by the two branches of a legislative body. \'bdBy the constitution of the United States and the rules of the two houses, no absolute distinction is made between bills and joint resolutions.\'b8 Barclay (Digest). -- Joint rule (Parliamentary Practice), a rule of proceeding adopted by the concurrent action of both branches of a legislative assembly. \'bdResolved, by the House of Representatives (the Senate concurring), that the sixteenth and seventeenth joint rules be suspended for the remainder of the session.\'b8 Journal H. of R., U. S. -- Joint and several (Law), a phrase signifying that the debt, credit, obligation, etc., to which it is applied is held in such a way that the parties in interest are engaged both together and individually thus a joint and several debt is one for which all the debtors may be sued together or either of them individually; used especially in the phrase joint and several liability. -- Joint stock, stock held in company. -- Joint-stock company (Law), a species of partnership, consisting generally of a large number of members, having a capital divided, or agreed to be divided, into shares, the shares owned by any member being usually transferable without the consent of the rest. -- Joint tenancy (Law), a tenure by two or more persons of estate by unity of interest, title, time, and possession, under which the survivor takes the whole. Blackstone. -- Joint tenant (Law), one who holds an estate by joint tenancy. Contrassted with tenant in common.
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Joint, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jointed; p. pr. & vb. n. Jointing.]
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1. To unite by a joint or joints; to fit together; to prepare so as to fit together; as, to joint boards.
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Pierced through the yielding planks of jointed wood. Pope.
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2. To join; to connect; to unite; to combine.
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Jointing their force 'gainst C\'91sar. Shak.
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3. To provide with a joint or joints; to articulate.
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The fingers are jointed together for motion. Ray.
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4. To separate the joints; of; to divide at the joint or joints; to disjoint; to cut up into joints, as meat. \'bdHe joints the neck.\'b8 Dryden.
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Quartering, jointing, seething, and roasting. Holland.
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Joint, v. i. To fit as if by joints; to coalesce as joints do; as, the stones joint, neatly.
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Joint"ed, a. Having joints; articulated; full of nodes; knotty; as, a jointed doll; jointed structure. \'bdThe jointed herbage.\'b8 J. Philips. -- Joint"ed*ly, adv.
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Joint"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, joints.
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2. A plane for smoothing the surfaces of pieces which are to be accurately joined; especially: (a) The longest plane used by a joiner. (b) (Coopering) A long stationary plane, for planing the edges of barrel staves.
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3. (Masonry) (a) A bent piece of iron inserted to strengthen the joints of a wall. (b) A tool for pointing the joints in brickwork.
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Joint"-fir` (?), n. (Bot.) A genus (Ephedra) of leafless shrubs, with the stems conspicuously jointed; -- called also shrubby horsetail. There are about thirty species, of which two or three are found from Texas to California.
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Joint"ing, n. The act or process of making a joint; also, the joints thus produced.
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Jointing machine, a planing machine for wood used in furniture and piano factories, etc. -- Jointing plane. See Jointer, 2. -- Jointing rule (Masonry), a long straight rule, used by bricklayers for securing straight joints and faces.
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Joint"less, a. Without a joint; rigid; stiff.
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Joint"ly, adv. In a joint manner; together; unitedly; in concert; not separately.
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Then jointly to the ground their knees they bow. Shak.
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Joint"ress (?), n. (Law) A woman who has a jointure. [Written also jointuress.] Blackstone.
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Join"ture (?), n. [F. jointure a joint, orig., a joining, L. junctura, fr. jungere to join. See Join, and cf. Juncture.]
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1. A joining; a joint. [Obs.]
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2. (Law) An estate settled on a wife, which she is to enjoy after husband's decease, for her own life at least, in satisfaction of dower.
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The jointure that your king must make,
Shak.
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Join"ture (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jointured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jointuring.] To settle a jointure upon.
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Join"ture*less, a. Having no jointure.
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Join"tur*ess, n. See Jointress. Bouvier.
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Joint"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) A slender, nearly leafless, American herb (Polygonum articulatum), with jointed spikes of small flowers.
1913 Webster]

Joint"worm` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The larva of a small, hymenopterous fly (Eurytoma hordei), which is found in gall-like swellings on the stalks of wheat, usually at or just above the first joint. In some parts of America it does great damage to the crop.
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Joist (joist), n. [OE. giste, OF. giste, F. g\'8cte, fr. gesir to lie, F. g\'82sir. See Gist.] (Arch.) A piece of timber laid horizontally, or nearly so, to which the planks of the floor, or the laths or furring strips of a ceiling, are nailed; -- called, according to its position or use, binding joist, bridging joist, ceiling joist, trimming joist, etc. See Illust. of Double-framed floor, under Double, a.
1913 Webster]

Joist, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Joisted; p. pr. & vb. n. Joisting.] To fit or furnish with joists. Johnson.
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Joke, n. [L. jocus. Cf Jeopardy, Jocular, Juggler.]
1913 Webster]

1. Something said for the sake of exciting a laugh; something witty or sportive (commonly indicating more of hilarity or humor than jest); a jest; a witticism; as, to crack good-natured jokes.
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And gentle dullness ever loves a joke. Pope.
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Or witty joke our airy senses moves
Gay.
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2. Something not said seriously, or not actually meant; something done in sport.
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Inclose whole downs in walls, 't is all a joke. Pope.
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In joke, in jest; sportively; not meant seriously. -- Practical joke. See under Practical.
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Joke, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Joked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Joking.] To make merry with; to make jokes upon; to rally; to banter; as, to joke a comrade.
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Joke, v. i. [L. jocari.] To do something for sport, or as a joke; to be merry in words or actions; to jest.
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He laughed, shouted, joked, and swore. Macaulay.

Syn. -- To jest; sport; rally; banter. See Jest.
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Jok"er (?), n. 1. One who makes jokes or jests.
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2. (Card Playing) See Best bower, under 2d Bower.
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3. (Card Playing) An extra card usually included in a deck of playing cards, having the same design as the others on the back, but on the face having a picture of a jester. It is not included in the deck used in most games, but in certain games may be included and then takes on a special value, such as the highest-valued card, or a wild card.
PJC]

4. A clause placed in a document, such as a contract or a piece of legislation, not itself appearing significant, but in a subtle way substantially changing the effect of the document.
PJC]

5. Hence: Any fact or condition which is unknown or not apparent, which reverses an apparently advantageous position; a kicker.
PJC]

6. A person; a fellow; a chap; -- usually used in a mildly disparaging sense; as, who's the joker who left the ice cream on the table?.
PJC]

joking adj. intended as a joke; -- of communications.
Syn. -- jesting, jocose, jocular, jocund.
WordNet 1.5 +PJC]

no joking matter a serious matter.
PJC]

Jok"ing*ly, adv. In a joking way; sportively.

{ Jole, Joll } (?), v. t. & n. Same as Jowl. Shak.
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Jol*if" (j, a. [See Jolly.] Joyful; merry; pleasant; jolly. [Obs.] Chaucer.
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Jol`li*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Jolly + L. -ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.] A merrymaking; noisy festivity. [Colloq.]
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We have had a jollification or so together. Sir W. Scott.
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Jol"li*ly (?), adv. In a jolly manner.
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Jol"li*ment (?), n. Jollity. [Obs.] Spenser.
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Jol"li*ness, n. Jollity; noisy mirth. Chaucer.
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Jol"li*ty (?), n. [From Jolly: cf. OF. joliet\'82, jolivet\'82.] Noisy mirth; gayety; merriment; festivity; boisterous enjoyment. Chaucer.
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All now was turned to jollity and game. Milton.
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He with a proud jollity commanded him to leave that quarrel only for him, who was only worthy to enter into it. Sir P. Sidney.

Syn. -- Merriment; mirth; gayety; festivity; hilarity.
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Jol"ly (j, a. [Compar. Jollier (-l; superl. Jolliest.] [OF. joli, jolif, joyful, merry, F. joli pretty; of Scand. origin, akin to E. yule; cf. Icel. j yule, Christmas feast. See Yule.]
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1. Full of life and mirth; jovial; joyous; merry; mirthful.
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Like a jolly troop of huntsmen. Shak.
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\'bdA jolly place,\'b8 said he, \'bdin times of old!
Wordsworth.
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2. Expressing mirth, or inspiring it; exciting mirth and gayety.
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And with his jolly pipe delights the groves. Prior.
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Their jolly notes they chanted loud and clear. Fairfax.
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3. Of fine appearance; handsome; excellent; lively; agreeable; pleasant. \'bdA jolly cool wind.\'b8 Sir T. North. [Now mostly colloq.]
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Full jolly knight he seemed, and fair did sit. Spenser.
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The coachman is swelled into jolly dimensions. W. Irving.
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Jol"ly (j, v. t. To cause to be jolly; to make good-natured; to encourage to feel pleasant or cheerful; -- often implying an insincere or bantering spirit; hence, to poke fun at. [Colloq.]

We want you to jolly them up a bit. Brander Matthews.

At noon we lunched at the tail of the ambulance, and gently \'bdjollied\'b8 the doctor's topography. F. Remington.
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

Jol"ly (j, n.; pl. Jollies (j. [Prob. fr. Jolly, a.] A marine in the English navy. [Sailor's Slang]

I'm a Jolly -- 'Er Majesty's Jolly -- soldier an' sailor too! Kipling.
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

Jol"ly-boat` (j, n. [A corruption of Dan. jolle yawl, or of D. jol yawl + E. boat. See Yawl the boat.] (Naut.) A boat of medium size belonging to a ship.
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Jol"ly*head (j, n. Jollity. [Obs.] Spenser.
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Jolt (j, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jolted; p. pr. & vb. n. Jolting.] [Prob. fr. jole, joll, jowl, and orig. meaning, to knock on the head. See Jowl.] To shake with short, abrupt risings and fallings, as a carriage moving on rough ground; as, the coach jolts.
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Jolt, v. t. 1. To cause to move with a sudden motion, especially an up and down motion, as in a carriage going over rough ground, or on a high-trotting horse; as, the horse jolts the rider; fast driving jolts the carriage and the passengers.
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2. To stun or shock a person physically, as with a blow or electrical shock; as, the earthquake jolted him out of bed.
PJC]

3. To stun or shock or change the mental state of (a person) suddenly, as if with a blow; as, the sight of the house on fire jolted him into action; his mother's early death jolted his idyllic happiness.
PJC]

Jolt, n. 1. A sudden shock or jerk; a jolting motion, as in a carriage moving over rough ground.
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The first jolt had like to have shaken me out. Swift.
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2. A physical or psychological shock; see jolt v. t. senses 2 and 3; as, the stock market plunge was a big jolt to his sense of affluence; he touched the casing of the ungrounded motor and got a jolt from a short inside.
PJC]

3. Something which causes a jolt{2}; as, the bad news was a jolt.
PJC]

Jolt"er (?), n. One who, or that which, jolts.

{ Jolt"er*head`, Jolt"head` } (?), n. [See Jolt, Jowl.] A dunce; a blockhead. Sir T. North.
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Jolt"ing*ly, adv. In a jolting manner.
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Jolt"y (?), a. That jolts; as, a jolty coach. [Colloq.]
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Jo"nah (?), n. The Hebrew prophet, who was cast overboard as one who endangered the ship; hence, any person whose presence is unpropitious.
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Jonah crab (Zo\'94l.), a large crab (Cancer borealis) of the eastern coast of the United States, sometimes found between tides, but usually in deep water.
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Jo*ne"sian (?), a. Of or pertaining to Jones.
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The Jonesian system, a system of transliterating Oriental words by English letters, invented by Sir William Jones.

{ Jon"gleur (?), Jon"gler (?), } n. [F. jongleur. See Juggler.]
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1. In the Middle Ages, a court attendant or other person who, for hire, recited or sang verses, usually of his own composition. See Troubadour.
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Vivacity and picturesquenees of the jongleur's verse. J R. Green.
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2. A juggler; a conjuror. See Juggler. Milton.

{ Jon"quil, Jon"quille }, n. [F. jonquille, fr. L. juncus a rush, because it has rushlike leaves.] (Bot.) A bulbous plant of the genus Narcissus (Narcissus Jonquilla), allied to the daffodil. It has long, rushlike leaves, and yellow or white fragrant flowers. The root has emetic properties. It is sometimes called the rush-leaved daffodil. See Illust. of Corona.
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Jo"ram (?), n. See Jorum.

Jordan prop. n. A landlocked country of the Middle East, surrounded by Israel, Iraq, Syria, and Saudi Arabia, and that area on the west bank of the Jordan river which was once claimed by Jordan, and is at present occupied by Israel and in part governed by a Palestinian authority. It has a population of 4,212,152 (1996) in a total area of 89,213 sq km. The population is predominantly Arab and Moslem. Officially known as the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, it was formerly called Trans-Jordan when occupied by the British. The government is a constitutional monarchy, with King Hussein Bin Talal Al Hashimi as its ruler since 2 May 1953. Jordan is a small developing Arab country, having a Gross Domestic Product of $19.3 billion in 1995. CIA Factbook 1996.
PJC]

{ Jor"dan (?), Jor"den (?), } n. [Prob. fr. the river Jordan, and shortened fr. Jordan bottle a bottle of water from the Jordan, brought back by pilgrims.]
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1. A pot or vessel with a large neck, formerly used by physicians and alchemists. [Obs.] Halliwell.
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2. A chamber pot. [Obs.] Chaucer. Shak.
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Jordanella prop. n. a genus of fishes, including the American flagfish (Jordanella floridae), of Florida.
Syn. -- genus Jordanella.
WordNet 1.5]

Jordanian adj. 1. of or pertaining to Jordan{1}; as, Jordanian archeological sites.
WordNet 1.5]

2. of or pertaining to the inhabitants of Jordan; as, Jordanian palace guards.
WordNet 1.5]

Jordanian n. a native or inhabitant of Jordan.
WordNet 1.5]

Jo"rum (?), n. [Perh. corrupted fr. jorden an earthen pot.] A large drinking vessel; also, its contents. [Colloq. Eng.] Forby.
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Jo"seph (?), n. An outer garment worn in the 18th century; esp., a woman's riding habit, buttoned down the front. Fairholt.
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Jo"seph's flow"er (?). (Bot.) A composite herb (Tragopogon pratensis), of the same genus as the salsify.
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Jo"so (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small gudgeon.
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Joss (j, n. [Chinese, corrupt. fr. Pg. deos God, L. deus.] A Chinese household divinity; a Chinese idol. \'bdCritic in jars and josses.\'b8 Colman (1761).
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Joss house, a Chinese temple or house for the Chinese mode of worship. -- Joss stick, a reed covered with a paste made of the dust of odoriferous woods, or a cylinder made wholly of the paste; -- burned by the Chinese before an idol.
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Jos"sa (?), interj. A command to a horse, probably meaning \'bdstand still.\'b8 [Obs.] Chaucer.
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Joss paper. Gold and silver paper burned by the Chinese, in the form of coins or ingots, in worship and at funerals.
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

Jos"tle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jostled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jostling (?).] [A dim. of joust, just, v. See Joust, and cf. Justle.] [Written also justle.] To run against and shake; to push out of the way; to elbow; to hustle; to disturb by crowding; to crowd against. \'bdBullies jostled him.\'b8 Macaulay.
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Systems of movement, physical, intellectual, and moral, which are perpetually jostling each other. I. Taylor.
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Jos"tle, v. i. To push; to crowd; to hustle.
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None jostle with him for the wall. Lamb.
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Jos"tle, n. A conflict by collisions; a crowding or bumping together; interference.
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The jostle of South African nationalities and civilization. The Nation.
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Jos"tle*ment (?), n. Crowding; hustling.
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Jot (?), n. [L. iota, Gr. 'iw^ta the name of the letter i, Heb. y), the smallest letter of the Greek alphabet. Cf. Iota.] An iota; a point; a tittle; the smallest particle. Cf. Bit, n.
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Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law, till all be fulfilled. Matt. v. 18.
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Neither will they bate
jot of ceremony.
Shak.
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Jot, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jotted; p. pr. & vb. n. Jotting.] To set down; to make a brief note of; -- usually followed by down.
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Jot"ter (?), n. 1. One who jots down memoranda.
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2. A memorandum book.
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Jougs (?), n. [F. joug a yoke, L. jugum. See Yoke.] An iron collar fastened to a wall or post, formerly used in Scotland as a kind of pillory. [Written also juggs.] See Juke. Sir W. Scott.
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Jou"is*sance (?), n. [F., fr. jouir to enjoy, fr. L. gaudere to rejoice.] Jollity; merriment. [Obs.] Spenser.
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Jouk (j, v. i. See Juke.
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Joul (joul), v. t. See Jowl.
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joule (j, n. [From the distinguished English physicist, James Prescott Joule (1818-1889).] (Physics.) A unit of work which is equal to 107 ergs (the unit of work in the C. G. S. system of units), and is equivalent to one watt-second, the energy expended in one second by an electric current of one ampere in a resistance of one ohm; also called the absolute joule. It is abbreviated J or j. The international joule is slightly larger, being 1.000167 times the absolute joule. The absolute joule is approximately equal to 0.737562 foot pounds, 0.239006 gram-calories (small calories), and 3.72506 x 10-7 horsepower-hours, and 0.000948451 B.t.u. HCP61
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Joule's equivalent. See under Equivalent, n.
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Joule"me`ter (j, n. An integrating wattmeter for measuring the energy in joules expended in an electric circuit or developed by a machine.
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

Joule's cycle (?). (Thermodynamics) The cycle for the air engine proposed by Joule. In it air is taken by a pump from a cold chamber and compressed adiabatically until its pressure is eqal to that of the air in a hot chamber, into which it is then delivered, thereby displacing an equal amount of hot air into the engine cylinder. Here it expands adiabatically to the temperature of the cold chamber into which it is finally exhausted. This cycle, reversed, is used in refrigerating machines.
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

Joule's law. 1. (Elec.) The law that the rate at which heat is produced in any part of an electric circuit is measured by the product of the square of the current times the resistance of that part of the circuit. If the current (i) is constant for an interval of time (t), the energy (H) in heat units equals i2Rt, R being resistance.
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

2. (Thermodynamics) The law that there is no change of temperature when a gas expands without doing external work and without receiving or rejecting heat.
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

Jounce (jouns), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Jounced (jounst); p. pr. & vb. n. Jouncing (joun"s.] [Cf. Jaunce.] To jolt; to shake, especially by rough riding or by driving over obstructions.
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Jounce, n. A jolt; a shake; a hard trot.
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Jour"nal (?), a. [F., fr. L. diurnalis diurnal, fr. diurnus belonging to the day, fr. dies day. See Diurnal.] Daily; diurnal. [Obs.]
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Whiles from their journal labors they did rest. Spenser.
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Jour"nal, n. [F. journal. See Journal, a.]
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1. A diary; an account of daily transactions and events. Specifically: (a) (Bookkeeping) A book of accounts, in which is entered a condensed and grouped statement of the daily transactions. (b) (Naut.) A daily register of the ship's course and distance, the winds, weather, incidents of the voyage, etc. (c) (Legislature) The record of daily proceedings, kept by the clerk. (d) A newspaper published daily; by extension, a weekly newspaper or any periodical publication, giving an account of passing events, the proceedings and memoirs of societies, etc.; a periodical; a magazine.
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<-- p. 803 -->

2. That which has occurred in a day; a day's work or travel; a day's journey. [Obs. & R.] B. Jonson.
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3. (Mach.) That portion of a rotating piece, as a shaft, axle, spindle, etc., which turns in a bearing or box. See Illust. of Axle box.
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Journal box, or Journal bearing (Mach.) the carrier of a journal; the box in which the journal of a shaft, axle, or pin turns.
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journalese n. the linguistic style in which newspapers are written.
WordNet 1.5]

Jour"nal*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. journalisme.]
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1. The keeping of a journal or diary. [Obs.]
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2. The periodical collection and publication of current news; the business of managing, editing, or writing for, journals, newspapers, magazines, broadcasting media such as radio or television, or other news media such as distribution over the internet; as, political journalism; broadcast journalism; print journalism.
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Journalism is now truly an estate of the realm. Ed. Rev.
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3. The branch of knowledge that studies phenomena associated with news collection, distribution, and editing; a course of study, especially in institutions of higher learning, that teaches students how to write, edit, or report news.
PJC]

Jour"nal*ist, n. [Cf. F. journaliste.] 1. One who keeps a journal or diary; a diarist. [Obs.] Mickle.
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2. One whose occupation is to write for any of the public news media, such as newspapers, magazines, radio, television, or internet; also, an editorial or other professional writer for a periodical.
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Jour"nal*is"tic (?), a. Pertaining to journals, journalism, or to journalists; contained in, or characteristic of, the public journals; as, journalistic literature or enterprise.
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Jour"nal*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Journalized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Journalizing (?).] To enter or record in a journal or diary. Johnson.
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Jour"nal*ize, v. i. to conduct or contribute to a public journal; to follow the profession of a journalist.
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Jour"ney (?), n.; pl. Journeys (#). [OE. jornee, journee, prop., a day's journey, OF. jorn\'82e, jurn\'82e, a day, a day's work of journey, F. journ\'82e, fr. OF. jorn, jurn, jor a day, F. jour, fr. L. diurnus. See Journal.]
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1. The travel or work of a day. [Obs.] Chaucer.
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We have yet large day, for scarce the sun
journey.
Milton.
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2. Travel or passage from one place to another, especially one covering a large distance or taking a long time.
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The good man . . . is gone a long journey. Prov. vii. 19.
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3. Hence: [figurative], A passage through life, or a passage through any significant experience, or from one state to another.
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We must all have the same journey's end. Bp. Stillingfleet.

4. The distance that is traveled in a journey{2}, or the time taken to complete a journey{2}; as, it's a two-day journey from the oasis into Cairo by camel; from Mecca to Samarkand is quite a journey.
PJC]

Syn. -- Tour; excursion; trip; expedition; pilgrimage; jaunt. -- Journey, Tour, Excursion, Pilgrimage. The word journey suggests the idea of a somewhat prolonged traveling for a specific object, leading a person to pass directly from one point to another. In a tour, we take a roundabout course from place to place, more commonly for pleasure, though sometimes on business. An excursion is usually a brief tour or trip for pleasure, health, etc. In a pilgrimage we travel to a place hallowed by our religions affections, or by some train of sacred or tender associations. A journey on important business; the tour of Europe; an excursion to the lakes; a pilgrimage to the Holy Land.
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Jour"ney, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Journeyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Journeying.] To travel from place to place; to go from home to a distance.
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Abram journeyed, going on still toward the south. Gen. xii. 9.
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Jour"ney, v. t. To traverse; to travel over or through. [R.] \'bdI journeyed many a land.\'b8 Sir W. Scott.
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Jour"ney-bat`ed (?), a. Worn out with journeying. [Obs.] Shak.
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Jour"ney*er (?), n. One who journeys.
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journeying n. the act or process of traveling from one place to another.
Syn. -- journey.
WordNet 1.5]

Jour"ney*man (?), n.; pl. Journeymen (. 1. Formerly, a man hired to work by the day; now, commonly, one who has finished an apprenticeship and is a competent worker in a handicraft or trade, but has not received recognition as a master; -- distinguished from apprentice and from master workman.
1913 Webster +PJC]

I have thought some of nature's journeymen had made men, and not made them well. Shak.
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2. Hence: A competent and experienced worker who performs adequately but without a high level of expertise or imagination.
PJC]

Jour"ney*work` (?), n. 1. Originally, work done by the day; work done by a journeyman at his trade.
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2. Hence: Routine or relatively unskilled work performed under direction of a supervisor.
PJC]

Joust (joust or j, v. i. [OE. justen, jousten, OF. jouster, jouster, joster, F. jouter, fr. L. juxta near to, nigh, from the root of jungere to join. See Join, and cf. Jostle.] 1. To engage in mock combat on horseback, as two knights in the lists; to tilt. [Written also just.]
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For the whole army to joust and tourney. Holland.
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2. Hence: To engage in a competition involving one-to-one struggle with an opponent.
PJC]

Joust, n. [OE. juste, jouste, OF. juste, jouste, joste, F. joute. See Joust, v. i.] 1. A tilting match; a mock combat on horseback between two knights in the lists or inclosed field. [Written also just.]
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Gorgeous knights at joust and tournament. Milton.
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2. Hence: Any competition involving one-to-one struggle with an opponent.
PJC]

joust"er, n. One who jousts or tilts.
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Jove (?), prop. n. [L. Jupiter, gen. Jovis, OL. Jovis, nom. & gen. for Djovis; akin to E. Tuesday. See Tuesday, and cf. Jupiter.]
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1. The chief divinity of the ancient Romans; Jupiter.
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2. (Astron.) The planet Jupiter. [R.] Pope.
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3. (Alchemy) The metal tin.
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Bird of Jove, the eagle.
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jo"vi*al (?), a. [F., fr. L. Jovialis pertaining to Jove. The planet Jupiter was thought to make those born under it joyful or jovial. See Jove.]
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1. [capitalized] Of or pertaining to the god, or the planet, Jupiter. [Obs.]
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Our jovial star reigned at his birth. Shak.
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The fixed stars astrologically differenced by the planets, and esteemed Martial or Jovial according to the colors whereby they answer these planets. Sir T. Browne.
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2. Sunny; serene. [Obs.] \'bdThe heavens always joviall.\'b8 Spenser.
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3. Gay; merry; joyous; jolly; mirth-inspiring; hilarious; characterized by mirth or jollity; as, a jovial youth; a jovial company; a jovial poem.
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Be bright and jovial among your guests. Shak.
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His odes are some of them panegyrical, others moral; the rest are jovial or bacchanalian. Dryden.
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saturnine, mercurial, martial, lunatic, etc.

Syn. -- Merry; joyous; gay; festive; mirthful; gleeful; jolly; hilarious.
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Jo"vi*al*ist (?), n. One who lives a jovial life. Bp. Hall.
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Jo`vi*al"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. jovialit\'82.] The quality or state of being jovial. Sir T. Herbert.
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Jo"vi*al*ly (?), adv. In a jovial manner; merrily; gayly. B. Jonson.
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Jo"vi*al*ness, n. Noisy mirth; joviality. Hewyt.
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Jo"vi*al*ty (?), n. Joviality. [R.] Barrow.
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Jo"vi*an (?), prop. a. Of or pertaining to Jove, or Jupiter (either the deity or the planet).
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Jo`vi*cen"tric (?), a. [See Jove, and Center.] (Astron.) Revolving around the planet Jupiter; appearing as viewed from Jupiter. [R.] J. R. Hind.
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Jo*vin"ian*ist (?), n. (Script. Hist.) An adherent to the doctrines of Jovinian, a monk of the fourth century, who denied the virginity of Mary, and opposed the asceticism of his time.
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Jowl (joul or j, n. [For older chole, chaul, AS. ceaft jaw. Cf. Chaps.] The cheek; the jaw. [Written also jole, choule, chowle, and geoule.]
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Cheek by jowl, with the cheeks close together; side by side; in close proximity. \'bdI will go with thee cheek by jole.\'b8 Shak. \'bd Sits cheek by jowl.\'b8 Dryden.
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Jowl, v. t. To throw, dash, or knock. [Obs.]
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How the knave jowls it to the ground. Shak.
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Jowl"er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A dog with large jowls, as the beagle.
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Jow"ter (?), n. A mounted peddler of fish; -- called also jouster. [Obs.] Carew.
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Joy (joi), n. [OE. joye, OF. joye, joie, goie, F. joie, L. gaudia, pl. of gaudium joy, fr. gaudere to rejoice, to be glad; cf. Gr. gai`ein to rejoice, gay^ros proud. Cf. Gaud, Jewel.]
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1. The passion or emotion excited by the acquisition or expectation of good; pleasurable feelings or emotions caused by success, good fortune, and the like, or by a rational prospect of possessing what we love or desire; gladness; exhilaration of spirits; delight.
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Her heavenly form beheld, all wished her joy. Dryden.
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Glides the smooth current of domestic joy. Johnson.
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Who, for the joy that was set before him, endured the cross, despising the shame. Heb. xii. 2.
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Tears of true joy for his return. Shak.
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Joy is a delight of the mind, from the consideration of the present or assured approaching possession of a good. Locke.
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2. That which causes joy or happiness.
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For ye are our glory and joy. 1 Thess. ii. 20.
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A thing of beauty is a joy forever. Keats.
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3. The sign or exhibition of joy; gayety; mirth; merriment; festivity.
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Such joy made Una, when her knight she found. Spenser.
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The roofs with joy resound. Dryden.
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Joy is used in composition, esp. with participles, to from many self-explaining compounds; as, joy-bells, joy-bringing, joy-inspiring, joy-resounding, etc.

Syn. -- Gladness; pleasure; delight; happiness; exultation; transport; felicity; ecstasy; rapture; bliss; gayety; mirth; merriment; festivity; hilarity.
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Joy, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Joyed (joid); p. pr. & vb. n. Joying.] [OF. joir, F. jouir. See Joy, n.] To rejoice; to be glad; to delight; to exult.
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I will joy in the God of my salvation. Hab. iii. 18.
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In whose sight all things joy. Milton.
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Joy, v. t. 1. To give joy to; to congratulate. [Obs.] \'bdJoy us of our conquest.\'b8 Dryden.
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To joy the friend, or grapple with the foe. Prior.
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2. To gladden; to make joyful; to exhilarate. [Obs.]
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Neither pleasure's art can joy my spirits. Shak.
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3. To enjoy. [Obs.] See Enjoy.
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Who might have lived and joyed immortal bliss. Milton.
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Joy"ance (?), n. [OF. joiance.] Enjoyment; gayety; festivity; joyfulness. Spenser.
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Some days of joyance are decreed to all. Byron.
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From what hid fountains doth thy joyance flow? Trench.
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Joy"an*cy (?), n. Joyance. [R.] Carlyle.
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Joy"ful (?), a. Full of joy; having or causing joy; very glad; as, a joyful heart. \'bdJoyful tidings.\'b8 Shak.
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My soul shall be joyful in my God. Is. lxi. 10.
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Sad for their loss, but joyful of our life. Pope.

-- Joy"ful*ly, adv. -- Joy"ful*ness, n.
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joyfulness n. the emotion of great happiness.
Syn. -- joy, joyousness.
WordNet 1.5]

Joy"less, a. Not having joy; not causing joy; unenjoyable. -- Joy"less*ly, adv. -- Joy"less*ness, n.
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With downcast eyes the joyless victor sat. Dryden.
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Youth and health and war are joyless to him. Addison.
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[He] pining for the lass,
joyless of the grove, and spurns the growing grass.
Dryden.
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Joy"ous (?), a. [OE. joyous, joious, joios, F. joyeux.See Joy.] Glad; gay; merry; joyful; also, affording or inspiring joy; with of before the word or words expressing the cause of joy.
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Is this your joyous city? Is. xxiii. 7.
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They all as glad as birds of joyous prime. Spenser.
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And joyous of our conquest early won. Dryden.

Syn. -- Merry; lively; blithe; gleeful; gay; glad; mirthful; sportive; festive; joyful; happy; blissful; charming; delightful.

-- Joy"ous*ly, adv. -- Joy"ous*ness, n.
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Joy"some (, a. Causing joyfulness. [R.]
Syn. -- gladsome, delightful.
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This all joysome grove. T. Browne.
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JPEG n. [Acronym from Joint Picture Experts Group.] (Computers) A standardized format for storing graphic data in binary computer files, allowing over 16 million different colors. It allows for lossy compression, i. e. the compression of data into a form which re-expands into an image close, but not identical to the original image. Files stored in this format usually carry the extension jpg or jpeg. Compare GIF.
PJC]

Jub (?), n. [Perh. corrupted fr. jug.] A vessel for holding ale or wine; a jug. [Obs.] Chaucer.
1913 Webster]

\'d8ju"ba (?), n.; pl. jub\'91 (-b. [L., a mane.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) The mane of an animal.
1913 Webster]

2. (Bot.) A loose panicle, the axis of which falls to pieces, as in certain grasses.
1913 Webster]

ju"ba (?), n. A dance developed by slaves in the U. S., having a lively tune and accompanied by a complex rhythmic clapping, and by slapping the thighs.
PJC]

Wild crap-shooters with a whoop and a call
juba in their gambling-hall.
Vachel Lindsay (The Congo).
PJC]

Ju"bate (?), a. [L. jubatus having a mane.] (Zo\'94l.) Fringed with long, pendent hair.
1913 Webster]

{ Jub"bah (?), n. Also Jub"beh, Joob"beh (?) }. [Hind. jubba, fr. Ar. jubbah.] A long outer garment worn by both sexes of Mohammedans of the better class.
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

\'d8Ju`b\'82" (?), n. [F.] (Arch.) (a) A chancel screen or rood screen. (b) The gallery above such a screen, from which certain parts of the service were formerly read. See Rood loft, under Rood.
1913 Webster]

jubilance n. a feeling of extreme joy; jubilation.
Syn. -- exultation, jubilancy, jubilation.
WordNet 1.5]

jubilancy n. a feeling of extreme joy; jubilance; jubilation.
Syn. -- exultation, jubilance, jubilation.
WordNet 1.5]

Ju"bi*lant (?), a. [L. jubilans, -antis, p. pr. of jubilare to shout for joy: cf. F. jubilant. See Jubilate.] Uttering songs of triumph; shouting with joy; triumphant; exulting. \'bdThe jubilant age.\'b8 Coleridge.
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While the bright pomp ascended jubilant. Milton.
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Ju"bi*lant*ly, adv. In a jubilant manner.
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Ju"bi*lar (?), a. [Cf. F. jubilaire.] Pertaining to, or having the character of, a jubilee. [R.] Bp. Hall.
1913 Webster]

Ju`bi*la"te (?), n. [L., imperat. of jubilare to shout for joy.]
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1. The third Sunday after Easter; -- so called because the introit is the 66th Psalm, which, in the Latin version, begins with the words, \'bdJubilate Deo.\'b8
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2. A name of the 100th Psalm; -- so called from its opening word in the Latin version.
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Ju"bi*late (?), v. i. [L. jubilatus, p. p. of jubilare.] To exult; to rejoice. [R.] De Quincey.
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Ju`bi*la"tion (?), n. [L. jubilatio: cf. F. jubilation.] A triumphant shouting; rejoicing; exultation. \'bdJubilations and hallelujahs.\'b8 South.
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Ju"bi*lee (?), n. [F. jubil\'82, L. jubilaeus, Gr. y the blast of a trumpet, also the grand sabbatical year, which was announced by sound of trumpet.]
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1. (Jewish Hist.) Every fiftieth year, being the year following the completion of each seventh sabbath of years, at which time all the slaves of Hebrew blood were liberated, and all lands which had been alienated during the whole period reverted to their former owners. [In this sense spelled also, in some English Bibles, jubile.] Lev. xxv. 8-17.
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2. The joyful commemoration held on the fiftieth anniversary of any event; as, the jubilee of Queen Victoria's reign; the jubilee of the American Board of Missions.
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3. (R. C. Ch.) A church solemnity or ceremony celebrated at Rome, at stated intervals, originally of one hundred years, but latterly of twenty-five; a plenary and extraordinary indulgence granted by the sovereign pontiff to the universal church. One invariable condition of granting this indulgence is the confession of sins and receiving of the eucharist.
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4. A season of general joy.
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The town was all a jubilee of feasts. Dryden.
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5. A state of joy or exultation. [R.] \'bdIn the jubilee of his spirits.\'b8 Sir W. Scott.
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Ju*cun"di*ty (?), n. [L. jucunditas, from jucundus.] Pleasantness; agreeableness. See Jocundity. [R.] Sir T. Browne.
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Ju"dah*ite (?), n. One of the tribe of Judah; a member of the kingdom of Judah; a Jew. Kitto.

{ Ju*da"ic (?), Ju*da"ic*al (?), } a. [L. Juda\'8bcus, fr. Judaea, the country Judea: cf. F. Juda\'8bque. See Jew.] Of or pertaining to the Jews. \'bdThe natural or Judaical [religion].\'b8 South.
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Ju*da"ic*al*ly, adv. After the Jewish manner. Milton.
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Ju"da*ism (?), prop. n. [L. Juda\'8bsmus: cf. F. juda\'8bsme.] 1. The religious doctrines and rites of the Jews as enjoined in the laws of Moses, and for many adherents, in the Talmud. J. S. Mill.
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2. Conformity to the Jewish rites and ceremonies; the practise of Judaism{1}.
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3. The adherents of Judaism{1} collectively; jewry.
PJC]

Ju"da*ist, n. One who believes and practices Judaism.
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Ju`da*is"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to Judaism.
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Ju`da*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of Judaizing; a conforming to the Jewish religion or ritual. [R.]
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Ju"da*ize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Judaized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Judaizing (?).] [Cf. F. juda\'8bser.] To conform to the doctrines, observances, or methods of the Jews; to inculcate or impose Judaism.
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They . . . prevailed on the Galatians to Judaize so far as to observe the rites of Moses in various instances.
Judaizing doctors, who taught the observation of the Mosaic law.
Bp. Bull.
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Ju"da*ize, v. t. To impose Jewish observances or rites upon; to convert to Judaism.
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The heretical Theodotion, the Judaized Symmachus. Milton.
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Ju"da*i`zer (?), n. One who conforms to or inculcates Judaism; specifically, pl. (Ch. Hist.), those Jews who accepted Christianity but still adhered to the law of Moses and worshiped in the temple at Jerusalem.
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Ju"da*iz`ers (j, n. pl. See Raskolnik.
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

Ju"das (?), n. The disciple who betrayed Christ. Hence: A treacherous person; one who betrays under the semblance of friendship. -- a. Treacherous; betraying.
1913 Webster]

Judas hole, a peephole or secret opening for spying. -- Judas kiss, (a) a deceitful and treacherous kiss. (b) an act appearing to be an act of friendship, which is in fact harmful to the recipient. -- Judas tree (Bot.), a leguminous tree of the genus Cercis, with pretty, rose-colored flowers in clusters along the branches. Judas is said to have hanged himself on a tree of this genus (Cercis Siliquastrum). Cercis Canadensis and Cercis occidentalis are the American species, and are called also redbud.
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Ju"das-col`ored (?), a. Red; -- from a tradition that Judas Iscariot had red hair and beard.
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There's treachery in that Judas-colored beard. Dryden.
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Jud"dock (j, n. [For judcock; jud (equiv. to Prov. E. gid a jacksnipe, W. giach snipe) + cock.] (Zo\'94l.) See Jacksnipe.
1913 Webster]

<-- p. 804 -->

Ju*de"an (j, a. [L. Judaeus. See Jew.] Of or pertaining to Judea. -- n. A native of Judea; a Jew.
1913 Webster]

Judeo-Christian adj. having origins in both Judaism and Christianity; of or pertaining to Christianity; as, the Judeo-Christian tradition.
WordNet 1.5]

Judge (j, n. [OE. juge, OF. & F. juge, fr. OF. jugier, F. juger, to judge. See Judge, v. i.]
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1. (Law) A public officer who is invested with authority to hear and determine litigated causes, and to administer justice between parties in courts held for that purpose.
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The parts of a judge in hearing are four: to direct the evidence; to moderate length, repetition, or impertinency of speech; to recapitulate, select, and collate the material points of that which hath been said; and to give the rule or sentence. Bacon.
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2. One who has skill, knowledge, or experience, sufficient to decide on the merits of a question, or on the quality or value of anything; one who discerns properties or relations with skill and readiness; a connoisseur; an expert; a critic.
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A man who is no judge of law may be a good judge of poetry, or eloquence, or of the merits of a painting. Dryden.
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3. A person appointed to decide in a trial of skill, speed, etc., between two or more parties; an umpire; as, a judge in a horse race.
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4. (Jewish Hist.) One of the supreme magistrates, with both civil and military powers, who governed Israel for more than four hundred years.
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5. pl. The title of the seventh book of the Old Testament; the Book of Judges.
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Judge Advocate (Mil. & Nav.), a person appointed to act as prosecutor at a court-martial; he acts as the representative of the government, as the responsible adviser of the court, and also, to a certain extent, as counsel for the accused, when he has no other counsel. -- Judge-Advocate General, in the United States, the title of two officers, one attached to the War Department and having the rank of brigadier general, the other attached to the Navy Department and having the rank of colonel of marines or captain in the navy. The first is chief of the Bureau of Military Justice of the army, the other performs a similar duty for the navy. In England, the designation of a member of the ministry who is the legal adviser of the secretary of state for war, and supreme judge of the proceedings of courts-martial.

Syn. -- Judge, Umpire, Arbitrator, Referee. A judge, in the legal sense, is a magistrate appointed to determine questions of law. An umpire is a person selected to decide between two or more who contend for a prize. An arbitrator is one chosen to allot to two contestants their portion of a claim, usually on grounds of equity and common sense. A referee is one to whom a case is referred for final adjustment. Arbitrations and references are sometimes voluntary, sometimes appointed by a court.
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Judge, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Judged (j; p. pr. & vb. n. Judging.] [OE. jugen, OF. jugier, F. juger, L. judicare, fr. judex judge; jus law or right + dicare to proclaim, pronounce, akin to dicere to say. See Just, a., and Diction, and cf. Judicial.]
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1. To hear and determine, as in causes on trial; to decide as a judge; to give judgment; to pass sentence.
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The Lord judge between thee and me. Gen. xvi. 5.
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Father, who art judge
judgest only right!
Milton.
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2. To assume the right to pass judgment on another; to sit in judgment or commendation; to criticise or pass adverse judgment upon others. See Judge, v. t., 3.
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Forbear to judge, for we are sinners all. Shak.
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3. To compare facts or ideas, and perceive their relations and attributes, and thus distinguish truth from falsehood; to determine; to discern; to distinguish; to form an opinion about.
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Judge not according to the appearance. John vii. 24.
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She is wise if I can judge of her. Shak.
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Judge, v. t. 1. To hear and determine by authority, as a case before a court, or a controversy between two parties. \'bdChaos [shall] judge the strife.\'b8 Milton.
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2. To examine and pass sentence on; to try; to doom.
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God shall judge the righteous and the wicked. Eccl. iii. 7.
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To bring my whole cause 'fore his holiness,
judged by him.
Shak.
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3. To arrogate judicial authority over; to sit in judgment upon; to be censorious toward.
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Judge not, that ye be not judged. Matt. vii. 1.
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4. To determine upon or deliberation; to esteem; to think; to reckon.
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If ye have judged me to be faithful to the Lord. Acts xvi. 15.
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5. To exercise the functions of a magistrate over; to govern. [Obs.]
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Make us a king to judge us. 1 Sam. viii. 5.
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Judge"-made`, a. Created by judges or judicial decision; -- applied esp. to law applied or established by the judicial interpretation of statutes so as extend or restrict their scope, as to meet new cases, to provide new or better remedies, etc., and often used opprobriously of acts of judicial interpretation considered as doing this. Judge-made law is contrasted with statutory law and civil law.
Webster 1913 Suppl. +PJC]

The law of the 13th century was judge-made law in a fuller and more literal sense than the law of any succeeding century has been. Sir Frederick Pollock.
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

Judg"er (?), n. One who judges. Sir K. Digby.
1913 Webster]

judge"ship (?), n. The office or position of a judge.
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judging n. The cognitive process of reaching a decision or drawing conclusions.
Syn. -- judgment, judgement.
WordNet 1.5]

Judg"ment (?), n. [OE. jugement, F. jugement, LL. judicamentum, fr. L. judicare. See Judge, v. i.]
1913 Webster]

1. The act of judging; the operation of the mind, involving comparison and discrimination, by which a knowledge of the values and relations of things, whether of moral qualities, intellectual concepts, logical propositions, or material facts, is obtained; as, by careful judgment he avoided the peril; by a series of wrong judgments he forfeited confidence.
1913 Webster]

I oughte deme, of skilful jugement,
Chaucer.
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2. The power or faculty of performing such operations (see 1); esp., when unqualified, the faculty of judging or deciding rightly, justly, or wisely; good sense; as, a man of judgment; a politician without judgment.
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He shall judge thy people with righteousness and thy poor with judgment. Ps. lxxii. 2.
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Hernia. I would my father look'd but with my eyes.
Theseus. Rather your eyes must with his judgment look.
Shak.
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3. The conclusion or result of judging; an opinion; a decision.
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She in my judgment was as fair as you. Shak.
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Who first his judgment asked, and then a place. Pope.
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4. The act of determining, as in courts of law, what is conformable to law and justice; also, the determination, decision, or sentence of a court, or of a judge; the mandate or sentence of God as the judge of all.
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In judgments between rich and poor, consider not what the poor man needs, but what is his own. Jer. Taylor.
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Most heartily I do beseech the court
judgment.
Shak.
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5. (Philos.) (a) That act of the mind by which two notions or ideas which are apprehended as distinct are compared for the purpose of ascertaining their agreement or disagreement. See 1. The comparison may be threefold: (1) Of individual objects forming a concept. (2) Of concepts giving what is technically called a judgment. (3) Of two judgments giving an inference. Judgments have been further classed as analytic, synthetic, and identical. (b) That power or faculty by which knowledge dependent upon comparison and discrimination is acquired. See 2.
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A judgment is the mental act by which one thing is affirmed or denied of another. Sir W. Hamilton.
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The power by which we are enabled to perceive what is true or false, probable or improbable, is called by logicians the faculty of judgment. Stewart.
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6. A calamity regarded as sent by God, by way of recompense for wrong committed; a providential punishment. \'bdJudgments are prepared for scorners.\'b8 Prov. xix. 29. \'bdThis judgment of the heavens that makes us tremble.\'b8 Shak.
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7. (Theol.) The final award; the last sentence.
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Judgment, abridgment, acknowledgment, and lodgment are in England sometimes written, judgement, abridgement, acknowledgement, and lodgement.
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Judgment is used adjectively in many self-explaining combinations; as, judgment hour; judgment throne.
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Judgment day (Theol.), the last day, or period when final judgment will be pronounced on the subjects of God's moral government. -- Judgment debt (Law), a debt secured to the creditor by a judge's order. -- Judgment hall, a hall where courts are held. -- Judgment seat, the seat or bench on which judges sit in court; hence, a court; a tribunal. \'bdWe shall all stand before the judgment seat of Christ.\'b8 Rom. xiv. 10. -- Judgment summons (Law), a proceeding by a judgment creditor against a judgment debtor upon an unsatisfied judgment.
1913 Webster]

Arrest of judgment. (Law) See under Arrest, n. -- Judgment of God, a term formerly applied to extraordinary trials of secret crimes, as by arms and single combat, by ordeal, etc.; it being imagined that God would work miracles to vindicate innocence. See under Ordeal.

Syn. -- Discernment; decision; determination; award; estimate; criticism; taste; discrimination; penetration; sagacity; intelligence; understanding. See Taste.
1913 Webster]

judgmental adj. 1. depending on judgment; as, a judgmental error.
WordNet 1.5]

2. Inclined to make moral judgements about the behavior of people; -- contrasted with an inclination not to judge the moral qualities of others. Opposite of nonjudgmental. [Narrower terms: faultfinding(prenominal) ]
PJC]

judgship n. Same as judgeship; -- a variant spelling.
Syn. -- judgeship, judicature.
WordNet 1.5]

Ju"di*ca*ble (?), a. [L. judicabilis. See Judge, v. i.] Capable of being judged; capable of being tried or decided upon. Jer. Taylor.
1913 Webster]

Ju"di*ca*tive (?), a. Having power to judge; judicial; as, the judicative faculty. Hammond.
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Ju"di*ca*to*ry (?), a. [L. judicatorius.] Pertaining to the administration of justice; dispensing justice; judicial; as, judicatory tribunals. T. Wharton.
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Power to reject in an authoritative or judicatory way. Bp. Hall.
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Ju"di*ca*to*ry (277), n. [L. judicatorium.]
1913 Webster]

1. A court of justice; a tribunal. Milton.
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2. Administration of justice.
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The supreme court of judicatory. Clarendon.
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Ju"di*ca*ture (?; 135), n. [F., fr. LL. judicatura.]
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1. The state or profession of those employed in the administration of justice; also, the dispensing or administration of justice.
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The honor of the judges in their judicature is the king's honor. Bacon.
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2. A court of justice; a judicatory. South.
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3. The right of judicial action; jurisdiction; extent jurisdiction of a judge or court.
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Our Savior disputes not here the judicature, for that was not his office, but the morality, of divorce. Milton.
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Ju*di"cial (?), a. [L. judicialis, fr. judicium judgment, fr. judex judge: cf. OF. judicial. See Judge.]
1913 Webster]

1. Pertaining or appropriate to courts of justice, or to a judge; practiced or conformed to in the administration of justice; sanctioned or ordered by a court; as, judicial power; judicial proceedings; a judicial sale. \'bdJudicial massacres.\'b8 Macaulay.
1913 Webster]

Not a moral but a judicial law, and so was abrogated. Milton.
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2. Fitted or apt for judging or deciding; as, a judicial mind; judicial temperament.
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3. Belonging to the judiciary, as distinguished from legislative, administrative, or executive. See Executive.
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4. Judicious. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
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Ju*di"cial*ly, adv. In a judicial capacity or judicial manner. \'bdThe Lords . . . sitting judicially.\'b8 Macaulay.
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Ju*di"cia*ry (?; 277), a. [L. judiciarius, fr. judicium judgment: cf. F. judiciare. See Judicial.] Of or pertaining to courts of judicature, or legal tribunals; judicial; as, a judiciary proceeding. Bp. Burnet.
1913 Webster]

Ju*di"cia*ry, n. [Cf. LL. judiciaria, F. judiciaire.] That branch of government in which judicial power is vested; the system of courts of justice in a country; the judges, taken collectively; as, an independent judiciary; the senate committee on the judiciary.
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Ju*di"cious (?), a. [F. judicieux, fr. L. judicium judgment. See Judicial.] Of or relating to a court; judicial. [Obs.]
1913 Webster]

His last offenses to us
judicious hearing.
Shak.
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2. Directed or governed by sound judgment; having sound judgment; wise; prudent; sagacious; discreet.
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He is noble, wise, judicious, and best knows
Shak.

Syn. -- Prudent; discreet; rational; wise; skillful; discerning; sagacious; well-advised.
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Ju*di"cious*ly, adv. In a judicious manner; with good judgment; wisely.
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Ju*di"cious*ness, n. The quality or state of being judicious; sagacity; sound judgment.
1913 Webster]

judo n. a sport adapted from jujitsu, originally a method of self-defense without weapons, and similar to wrestling; it was developed in Japan.
WordNet 1.5 +PJC]

Jug (j, n. [Prob. fr. Jug, a corruption of, or nickname for, Joanna; cf. 2d Jack, and Jill. See Johannes.]
1913 Webster]

1. A vessel, usually of coarse earthenware, with a swelling belly and narrow mouth, and having a handle on one side.
1913 Webster]

2. A pitcher; a ewer. [Eng.]
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3. A prison; a jail; a lockup. [Slang] Gay.
1913 Webster]

4. (pl.) A woman's breasts; as, nice jugs. [vulgar slang]
PJC]

Jug (j, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jugged (j; p. pr. & vb. n. Jugging (j.]
1913 Webster]

1. To seethe or stew, as in a jug or jar placed in boiling water; as, to jug a hare.
1913 Webster]

2. To commit to jail; to imprison. [Slang]
1913 Webster]

Jug, v. i. (Zo\'94l.) 1. To utter a sound resembling this word, as certain birds do, especially the nightingale.
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2. To nestle or collect together in a covey; -- said of quails and partridges.
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Ju"gal (?), a. [L. jugalis, fr. jugum yoke.]
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1. Relating to a yoke, or to marriage. [Obs.]
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2. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or in the region of, the malar, or cheek bone.
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\'d8Ju*ga"ta (?), n. pl. [Neut. pl. of L. jugatus, p. p. of jugare to join.] (Numis.) The figures of two heads on a medal or coin, either side by side or joined.
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Ju"ga*ted (?), a. (Bot.) Coupled together.
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Juge (?), n. A judge. [Obs.] Chaucer.
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Jug"e*ment (?), n. Judgment. [Obs.] Chaucer.
1913 Webster]

Ju"ger (?), n. [L. jugerum.] A Roman measure of land, measuring 28,800 square feet, or 240 feet in length by 120 in breadth.
1913 Webster]

Jug"ger (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An East Indian falcon. See Lugger.
1913 Webster]

Jug"ger*naut` (?), n. [Skr. jagann\'betha lord of the world.] 1. One of the names under which Vishnu, in his incarnation as Krishna, is worshiped by the Hindus. See also Jagannath. [Written also Juggernnath, Jaganath, Jagannath, Jaganatha, Jagannatha, etc.]
1913 Webster]

Krishna and to possess a soul. The principal festivals are the Snanayatra, when the idol is bathed, and the Rathayatra, when the image is drawn upon a car adorned with obscene paintings. Formerly it was erroneously supposed that fanatical devotees threw themselves under the wheels of this car, to be crushed as a sacrifice to the god. It is now known that any death within the temple of Jagannath is considered to render the place unclean, and any spilling of blood in the presence of the idol is a pollution. As a result of this erroneous belief, however, the word juggernaut is now used principally in the figurative sense 2.
1913 Webster +PJC]

2. Any large, unstoppable force, power, or popular movement which defeats or destroys any person who gets in its way or attempts to stop it; as, for years the Notre Dame football team was an unstoppable juggernaut; after the early primaries, Johnson's campaign became a juggernaut, crushing all rivals.
PJC]

Jug"gle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Juggled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Juggling (?).] [OE. juglen; cf. OF. jogler, jugler, F. jongler. See Juggler.]
1913 Webster]

1. To play tricks by sleight of hand; to cause amusement and sport by tricks of skill; to conjure; especially, to maintian several objects in the air at one time by tossing them up with one hand, catching them with the other hand, and passing them from the catching to the tossing hand.
1913 Webster +PJC]

2. To practice artifice or imposture.
1913 Webster]

Be these juggling fiends no more believed. Shak.
1913 Webster]

Jug"gle, v. t. 1. To deceive by trick or artifice.
1913 Webster]

Is't possible the spells of France should juggle
Shak.
1913 Webster]

2. To maintain (several objects) in continuous motion in the air at one time by tossing them up with one hand, catching them with the other hand, and passing them from the catching to the tossing hand; variations on this basic motion are also used. Also used figuratively: see senses 3 and 4.
PJC]

3. To alter (financial records) secretly for the purpose of theft or deception; as, to juggle the accounts. [Colloq.]
PJC]

4. To arrange the performance two tasks or responsibilities at alternate times, so as to be able to do both; as, to juggle the responsibilities of a job and a mother
PJC]

Jug"gle, n. 1. A trick by sleight of hand.
1913 Webster]

2. An imposture; a deception. Tennyson.
1913 Webster]

A juggle of state to cozen the people. Tillotson.
1913 Webster]

3. A block of timber cut to a length, either in the round or split. Knight.
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Jug"gler (?), n. [OE. jogelour, juglur, OF. jogleor, jugleor, jongleor, F. jongleur, fr. L. joculator a jester, joker, fr. joculus a little jest or joke, dim. of jocus jest, joke. See Joke, and cf. Jongleur, Joculator.]
1913 Webster]

1. One who juggles; one who practices or exhibits tricks by sleight of hand; one skilled in legerdemain; a conjurer. [Archaic] This sense is now expressed by magician or conjurer.
1913 Webster +PJC]

As nimble jugglers that deceive the eye. Shak.
1913 Webster]

Jugglers and impostors do daily delude them. Sir T. Browne.
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2. A deceiver; a cheat. Shak.
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3. A person who juggles objects, i. e. who maintains several objects in the air by passing them in turn from one hand to another.
PJC]

Jug"gler*ess, n. 1. A female juggler. T. Warton.
1913 Webster]

Jug"gler*y (?), n. [OE. & OF. joglerie, F. jonglerie.]
1913 Webster]

1. The art or act of a juggler; sleight of hand.
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2. Trickery; imposture; as, political jugglery.
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Jug"gling (?), a. Cheating; tricky. -- Jug"gling*ly, adv.
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Jug"gling, n. [p. pr. from juggle, v. t.] 1. Jugglery; underhand practice.
1913 Webster]

2. The act or process of keeping several objects in the air at one time by tossing them with the hands. See juggle v. t., senses 2, 3, and 4.
PJC]

Juggs (?), n. pl. See Jougs. [Scot.]
1913 Webster]

Jug"lan*din (?), n. [L. juglans, -andis, a walnut: cf. F. juglandine.] (Chem.) An extractive matter contained in the juice of the green shucks of the walnut (Juglans regia). It is used medicinally as an alterative, and also as a black hair dye.
1913 Webster]

Jug"lan*dine (?), n. An alkaloid found in the leaves of the walnut (Juglans regia).
1913 Webster]

\'d8Jug"lans (?), n. [L., walnut.] (Bot.) A genus of valuable trees, including the true walnut of Europe, and the America black walnut, and butternut.
1913 Webster]

Ju"glone (?), n. [L. juglans the walnut + -one.] (Chem.) A yellow crystalline substance (C10H6O3) resembling quinone, extracted from green shucks of the walnut (Juglans regia); -- called also nucin. Chemically, it is 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthalenedione.
1913 Webster]

Jugoslav prop. n. A native or inhabitant of Yugoslavia. [Also spelled Yugoslav.]
Syn. -- Yugoslav, Yugoslavian, Jugoslavian.
WordNet 1.5]

Jugoslavian prop. n. a native or inhabitant of Yugoslavia. [Also spelled Yugoslavian.]
Syn. -- Yugoslav, Jugoslav, Yugoslavian.
WordNet 1.5]

Ju"gu*lar (?), a. [L. jugulum the collar bone, which joins together the shoulders and the breast, the throat, akin to jungere to yoke, to join: cf. F. jugulaire. See Join.]
1913 Webster]

1. (Anat.) (a) Of or pertaining to the throat or neck; as, the jugular vein. (b) Of or pertaining to the jugular vein; as, the jugular foramen.
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2. (Zo\'94l.) Having the ventral fins beneath the throat; -- said of certain fishes.
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Ju"gu*lar, n. [Cf. F. jugulaire. See Jugular, a.]
1913 Webster]

1. (Anat.) One of the large veins which return the blood from the head to the heart through two chief trunks, an external and an internal, on each side of the neck; -- called also the jugular vein.
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2. (Zo\'94l.) Any fish which has the ventral fins situated forward of the pectoral fins, or beneath the throat; one of a division of fishes (Jugulares).
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Ju"gu*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jugulated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jugulating (?).] [L. jugulatus, p. p. of jugulare, fr. jugulatum. See Jugular.] To cut the throat of. [R.] Jacob Bigelow.
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\'d8Ju"gu*lum (?), n.; pl. Jugula (#). [L.] (Zo\'94l.) The lower throat, or that part of the neck just above the breast.
1913 Webster]

\'d8Ju"gum (j, n.; pl. L. Juga (j, E. Jugums (#). [L., a yoke, ridge.] (Bot.) (a) One of the ridges commonly found on the fruit of umbelliferous plants. (b) A pair of the opposite leaflets of a pinnate plant.
1913 Webster]

<-- p. 805 -->

Juice (j, n. [OE. juse, F. jus broth, gravy, juice, L. jus; akin to Skr. y.] The characteristic fluid of any vegetable or animal substance; the sap or part which can be expressed from fruit, etc.; the fluid part which separates from meat in cooking.
1913 Webster]

An animal whose juices are unsound. Arbuthnot.
1913 Webster]

The juice of July flowers. B. Jonson.
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The juice of Egypt's grape. Shak.
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Letters which Edward Digby wrote in lemon juice. Macaulay.
1913 Webster]

Cold water draws the juice of meat. Mrs. Whitney.
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Juice (j, v. t. To moisten; to wet. [Obs.] Fuller.
1913 Webster]

juiced (j, a. Drunk; intoxicated; inebriated. [Slang]
PJC]

juiced"-up` (j, a. 1. Drunk; intoxicated; inebriated. [Slang]
PJC]

2. Having its power or functionality increased beyond the normal; -- of machines; as, a Volkswagen with a juiced-up engine.
PJC]

Juice"less, a. Lacking juice; dry. Dr. H. More.
1913 Webster]

juicer n. 1. a utensil with a conical ridged center that is used for squeezing juice fro citrus fruit.
Syn. -- reamer, juice reamer.
WordNet 1.5]

2. A state of drunkenness; as, to throw on a juicer; to have a juicer on all night.
PJC]

3. An habitual drunkard; one who drinks alcoholic beverages frequently to the state of inebriation.
PJC]

Jui"ci*ness (?), n. The state or quality of being juicy; succulence plants.
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Jui"cy (?), a. [Compar. Juicier; superl. Juiciest.] 1. A bounding with juice; succulent. Bacon.
1913 Webster]

2. Very profitable, or presenting the prospect of much profit; as, a juicy job; a juicy sales contract; a juicy customer ripe for the plucking. [Colloq.]
PJC]

3. Very interesting, especially due to scandalous or salacious nature; -- of information; as, juicy gossip.
PJC]

Ju*ise" (?), n. [OF. juise. L. judicium. See Judicial.] Judgment; justice; sentence. [Obs.]
1913 Webster]

Up [on] pain of hanging and high juise. Chaucer.
1913 Webster]

\'d8Ju"jit`su (?), n. same as jujutsu.
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

juju n. 1. the magical power associated with a juju{2}.
WordNet 1.5]

2. An object superstitiously believed to embody magical powers; a fetish.
Syn. -- voodoo, hoodoo, fetish.
WordNet 1.5]

Ju"jube (j, n. [F., fr. L. zizyphum, Gr. zi`zyfon, Per. z\'c6zf, zizaf, zayzaf.] 1. The sweet and edible drupes (fruits) of several Mediterranean and African species of small trees, of the genus Zizyphus, especially the Zizyphus jujuba, Zizyphus vulgaris, Zizyphus mucronata, and Zizyphus Lotus. The last named is thought to have furnished the lotus of the ancient Libyan Lotophagi, or lotus eaters.
1913 Webster]

2. A chewy gelatinous lozenge made of or in imitation of, or flavored with, the jujube fruit.
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

Jujube paste, the dried or inspissated jelly of the jujube; also, a confection made of gum arabic sweetened.
1913 Webster]

{ \'d8Ju"jut`su (?), Ju"jit`su (?), Jiu"jut`su, Jiu"jit`su (?) }. n. [Jap. j\'d4jutsu; j\'d4 soft (prob. because no weapons are used) + jutsu art.] The Japanese art of self-defense without weapons, now widely used as a system of physical training. It depends for its efficiency largely upon the principle of making clever use of an opponent's strength, weight, and movements to disable or injure him, and by applying pressure so that his opposing movement will throw him out of balance, dislocate or break a joint, etc. It opposes knowledge and skill to brute strength, and demands an extensive practical knowledge of human anatomy.
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

Juke (?), v. i. [from Scottish jouk to bow.] To bend the neck; to bow or duck the head. [Written also jook and jouk.]
1913 Webster]

The money merchant was so proud of his trust that he went juking and tossing of his head. L' Estrange.
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Juke, n. The neck of a bird. [Prov. Eng.]
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Juke, v. i. [F. juc a roost, perch, jucher to roost, to perch.] To perch on anything, as birds do. [Obs.]
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Juke"box, n. 1. A phonograph or compact disc player with multiple discs, requiring the insertion of coins prior to playing, and allowing the user to select the playing of any disc in its inventory. An early version was called the nickelodeon.
PJC]

2. (Computers) a data-storage device having multiple compact discs, of which only one may be on-line at any given time, which permits the user (through computer commands) to select on-line access to any disc from its inventory, in a manner reminiscent of a musical jukebox{1}.
PJC]

Jukes, The (?) A pseudonym used to designate the descendants of two sisters, the \'bdJukes\'b8 sisters, whose husbands were sons of a backwoodsman of Dutch descent. They lived in the State of New York, and their history was investigated by R. L. Dugdale as an example of the inheritance of criminal and immoral tendencies, disease, and pauperism. Sixty per cent of those traced showed, degeneracy, and they are estimated to have cost society $1,308,000 in 75 years.
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

Ju*la"ceous (?), a. [See Julus.] (Bot.) Like an ament, or bearing aments; amentaceous.
1913 Webster]

Ju"lep (j, n. [F., fr. Sp. julepe, fr. Ar. & Per. jul\'beb, jull\'beb, fr. Per. gul\'beb rose water and julep; gul rose + \'beb water.]
1913 Webster]

1. A refreshing drink flavored with aromatic herbs; especially (Med.), a sweet, demulcent, acidulous, or mucilaginous mixture, used as a vehicle. Milton.
1913 Webster]

Honey in woods, juleps in brooks. H. Vaughan.
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2. An alcoholic beverage composed of brandy, whisky, or some other spirituous liquor, with sugar, pounded ice, and sprigs of mint; -- called also mint julep. [U.S.]
1913 Webster]

Jul"ian (?; 277) a. [L. Julianus, fr. Julius. Cf. July, Gillian.] Relating to, or derived from, Julius C\'91sar.
1913 Webster]

Julian calendar, the calendar as adjusted by Julius C\'91sar, in which the year was made to consist of 365 days, each fourth year having 366 days. -- Julian epoch, the epoch of the commencement of the Julian calendar, or 46 b. c. -- Julian period, a chronological period of 7,980 years, combining the solar, lunar, and indiction cycles (28 x 19 x 15 = 7,980), being reckoned from the year 4713 B. C., when the first years of these several cycles would coincide, so that if any year of the period be divided by 28, 19, or 15, the remainder will be the year of the corresponding cycle. The Julian period was proposed by Scaliger, to remove or avoid ambiguities in chronological dates, and was so named because composed of Julian years. -- Julian year, the year of 365 days, 6 hours, adopted in the Julian calendar, and in use until superseded by the Gregorian year, as established in the reformed or Gregorian calendar.
1913 Webster]

\'d8Ju`li*enne" (?), n. [F.] A kind of soup containing thin slices or shreds of carrots, onions, etc.
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Ju"li*form (?), a. [Julus + -form.] (Bot.) Having the shape or appearance of a julus or catkin.
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\'d8Ju"lus (?), n.; pl.Juli (#). [Of the same origin as iulus.] (Bot.) A catkin or ament. See Ament.
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Ju*ly" (?), n.; pl. Julies (#). [L. Julius; -- named from Caius Julius C\'91sar, who was born in this month: cf. F. Juillet.] The seventh month of the year, containing thirty-one days.
1913 Webster]

Quintilis, or the fifth month, according to the old Roman calendar, in which March was the first month of the year.
1913 Webster]

Ju*ly"-flow`er (?), n. See Gillyflower.
1913 Webster]

Ju"mart (?), n. [F.] The fabled offspring of a bull and a mare. Locke.
1913 Webster]

jumbal n. A small flat ring-shaped cake or cookie having a hole in the middle.
Syn. -- jumble.
WordNet 1.5]

Jum"ble (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jumbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jumbling (?).] [Prob. fr. jump, i. e., to make to jump, or shake.] To mix in a confused mass; to put or throw together without order; -- often followed by together or up.
1913 Webster]

Why dost thou blend and jumble such inconsistencies together? Burton.
1913 Webster]

Every clime and age
Jumbled together.
Tennyson.
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Jum"ble, v. i. To meet or unite in a confused way; to mix confusedly. Swift.
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Jum"ble, n. 1. A confused mixture; a mass or collection without order; as, a jumble of words.
1913 Webster]

2. A small, thin, sugared cake, usually ring-shaped. [Also spelled jumbal.]
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Jum"ble*ment (?), n. Confused mixture. [Low]
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Jum"bler (?), n. One who confuses things.
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Jum"bling*ly (?), adv. In a confused manner.
1913 Webster]

jum"bo (j, a. [From the name Jumbo, given to a very large elephant exhibited as part of P. T. Barnum's circus in 1882.] Very large.
PJC]

jum"bo (j, n. Any object which is a very large example of its class.
PJC]

jum"bo jet` (j, n. A large commercial jet airplane, usually having a passenger capacity of over 300 in normal use; also called widebody airlane.
PJC]

\'d8Ju`melle" (?), a. [F., fem. of jumeau, fr. L. gemellus. Cf. Gemel, a.] Twin; paired; -- said of various objects made or formed in pairs, as a binocular opera glass, a pair of gimmal rings, etc.
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

Ju`melle", n. A jumelle opera glass, or the like.
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

Ju"ment (?), n. [L. jumentum a beast of burden: cf. F. jument a mare, OF., a beast of burden.] A beast; especially, a beast of burden. [Obs.]
1913 Webster]

Fitter for juments than men to feed on. Burton.
1913 Webster]

Jump (?), n. [Cf. F. jupe a long petticoat, a skirt. Cf. Juppon.] (a) A kind of loose jacket for men. (b) pl. A bodice worn instead of stays by women in the 18th century.
1913 Webster]

Jump, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jumped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jumping.] [Akin to OD. gumpen, dial. G. gumpen, jumpen.]
1913 Webster]

1. To spring free from the ground by the muscular action of the feet and legs; to project one's self through the air; to spring; to bound; to leap.
1913 Webster]

Not the worst of the three but jumps twelve foot and a half by the square. Shak.
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2. To move as if by jumping; to bounce; to jolt. \'bdThe jumping chariots.\'b8 Nahum iii. 2.
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A flock of geese jump down together. Dryden.
1913 Webster]

3. To coincide; to agree; to accord; to tally; -- followed by with. \'bdIt jumps with my humor.\'b8 Shak.
1913 Webster]

To jump at, to spring to; hence, fig., to accept suddenly or eagerly; as, a fish jumps at a bait; to jump at a chance.
1913 Webster]

Jump (?), v. t. 1. To pass by a spring or leap; to overleap; as, to jump a stream.
1913 Webster]

2. To cause to jump; as, he jumped his horse across the ditch.
1913 Webster]

3. To expose to danger; to risk; to hazard. [Obs.]
1913 Webster]

To jump a body with a dangerous physic. Shak.
1913 Webster]

4. (Smithwork) (a) To join by a butt weld. (b) To thicken or enlarge by endwise blows; to upset.
1913 Webster]

5. (Quarrying) To bore with a jumper.
1913 Webster]

To jump a claim, to enter upon and take possession of land to which another has acquired a claim by prior entry and occupation. [Western U. S. & Australia] See Claim, n., 3. -- To jump one's bail, to abscond while at liberty under bail bonds. [Slang, U. S.]
1913 Webster]

Jump, n. 1. The act of jumping; a leap; a spring; a bound. \'bdTo advance by jumps.\'b8 Locke.
1913 Webster]

2. An effort; an attempt; a venture. [Obs.]
1913 Webster]

Our fortune lies
jump.
Shak.
1913 Webster]

3. The space traversed by a leap.
1913 Webster]

4. (Mining) A dislocation in a stratum; a fault.
1913 Webster]

5. (Arch.) An abrupt interruption of level in a piece of brickwork or masonry.
1913 Webster]

6. A jump-start; as, to get a jump from a passing mmotorist.
PJC]

From the jump, from the start or beginning. [Colloq.] -- Jump joint. (a) A butt joint. (b) A flush joint, as of plank in carvel-built vessels. -- Jump seat. (a) A movable carriage seat. (b) A carriage constructed with a seat which may be shifted so as to make room for second or extra seat. Also used adjectively; as, a jump-seat wagon.
1913 Webster]

Jump, a. Nice; exact; matched; fitting; precise. [Obs.] \'bdJump names.\'b8 B. Jonson.
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Jump, adv. Exactly; pat. [Obs.] Shak.
1913 Webster]

Jump (j, n. same as jump-start, n..
PJC]

Jump (j, v. t. same as jump-start, v. t..
PJC]

jumped-up adj. upstart. [British informal]
WordNet 1.5]

Jump"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, jumps.
1913 Webster]

2. A long drilling tool used by masons and quarrymen.
1913 Webster]

3. A rude kind of sleigh; -- usually, a simple box on runners which are in one piece with the poles that form the thills. [U.S.] J. F. Cooper.
1913 Webster]

4. (Zo\'94l.) The larva of the cheese fly. See Cheese fly, under Cheese.
1913 Webster]

5. (Eccl.) A name applied in the 18th century to certain Calvinistic Methodists in Wales whose worship was characterized by violent convulsions.
1913 Webster]

6. (Horology) spring to impel the star wheel, also a pawl to lock fast a wheel, in a repeating timepiece.
1913 Webster]

Baby jumper. See in the Vocabulary. -- Bounty jumper. See under Bounty.
1913 Webster]

Jump"er, n. [See 1st Jump.] 1. A loose upper garment; as: (a) A sort of blouse worn by workmen over their ordinary dress to protect it. (b) A fur garment worn in Arctic journeys.
1913 Webster]

2. A sleeveless one-piece dress, either with full shoulders or straps, sometimes with only the front part of the bodice, usually worn by women with a blouse underneath.
PJC]

Jump"er, n. 1. A thing that jumps; esp., any of various tools or other contrivances operating with a jumping motion; as, (Mining, Quarrying, etc.), an instrument for boring holes in rocks by percussion without hammering, consisting of a bar of iron with a chisel-edged steel tip at one or both ends, operated by striking it against the rock, turning it slightly with each blow.
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

2. (Electronics) a short wire, or a small plastic object containing such a short wire, used to optionally connect or disconnect two points in an electronic circuit, so as to include or exclude portions of the circuit and thus modify the function of the circuit. Such jumpers are much used to adapt add-on circuit boards for different conditions or functions within a computer. The contacts to which jumpers connect in commercially produced circuit boards are typically two closely spaced short stiff wires standing perpendicular to the plane of the circuit board, and the jumper has two holes with spacing identical to that of the contacts wires, so as to allow convenient insertion or removal of the jumper.
PJC]

Jump"er, v. t. (electronics) to insert a jumper{2} between the two contacts in (a circuit). See 2nd jumper.
PJC]

Jump"er ca`ble, n. a cable or pair of cables used to jump-start a vehicle.
PJC]

Jump"ered, a. (electronics) having a jumper{2} connecting two contacts in (a circuit).
PJC]

Jump"ing, p. a. & vb. n. of Jump, to leap.
1913 Webster]

Jumping bean, a seed of a Mexican Euphorbia, containing the larva of a moth (Carpocapsa saltitans). The larva by its sudden movements causes the seed to roll to roll and jump about. -- Jumping deer (Zo\'94l.), a South African rodent (Pedetes Caffer), allied to the jerboa. -- Jumping jack, a toy figure of a man, jointed and made to jump or dance by means of strings. -- Jumping louse (Zo\'94l.), any of the numerous species of plant lice belonging to the family Psyllid\'91, several of which are injurious to fruit trees. -- Jumping mouse (Zo\'94l.), North American mouse (Zapus Hudsonius), having a long tail and large hind legs. It is noted for its jumping powers. Called also kangaroo mouse. -- Jumping mullet (Zo\'94l.), gray mullet. -- Jumping shrew (Zo\'94l.), any African insectivore of the genus Macroscelides. They are allied to the shrews, but have large hind legs adapted for jumping. -- Jumping spider (Zo\'94l.), spider of the genus Salticus and other related genera; one of the Saltigrad\'91; -- so called because it leaps upon its prey.
1913 Webster]

Jump"ing dis*ease". A convulsive tic similar to or identical with miryachit, observed among the woodsmen of Maine.
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

Jump spark. A spark produced by the jumping of electricity across a permanent gap.
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

jump"start`, Jump"-start` (?), v. t. 1. to start (the engine of a motor vehicle) using a temporary connection to supply electrical power from another vehicle or another source of current; -- an emergency procedure used when a vehicle's own battery has insufficient power to start the vehicle normally. cables used to transmit electrical current from one vehicle to another for the purpose of jump-starting are called jumper cables.
PJC]

2. to provide a speedy start to (an activity) using the assistance of some external impetus; to re-energize (an activity proceeding sluggishly); -- accomplished by application of a stimulus not normally used in the activity. [Figurative]
PJC]

Jump"-start` (?), n. the action or event of jump-starting. For motor vehicles, the jump-starting of an engine is also called a jump.
PJC]

Jump" suit`, Jump"suit` (?), n. 1. a one-piece coverall used by parachutists while jumping from an airplane.
PJC]

2. a one-piece garment resembling a jumpsuit{1}, having a shirt or blouse attached to trousers or shorts.
PJC]

Jump"weld` (?), v. t. See Buttweld, v. t.
1913 Webster]

Jump"y (?), a. [Compar. Jumpier (?); superl. Jumpiest.] Jumping, or inducing to jump; characterized by jumps; hence, extremely nervous; jittery.
Syn. -- edgy, fidgety, high-strung, in suspense(predicate), jittery, nervous, nervy, overstrung, restive, uneasy, uptight.
Webster 1913 Suppl. WordNet 1.5]

Juncaceae n. A natural family of tufted herbs resembling grasses, including the true rushes; called also the rush family.
Syn. -- family Juncaceae, rush family.
WordNet 1.5]

Jun*ca"ceous (?), a. [See Juncate.] (Bot.) Of. pertaining to, or resembling, a natural family of plants (Juncace\'91), of which the common rush (Juncus) is the type.
1913 Webster]

Jun"cate (?), n. See Junket. [Obs.] Spenser.
1913 Webster]

Jun"cite (?), n. [L. juncus a rush.] (Paleon.) A fossil rush.
1913 Webster]

Jun"co (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any bird of the genus Junco, which includes several species of North American finches; -- called also snowbird, or blue snowbird.
1913 Webster]

Jun"cous (?), a. [L. juncosus, fr. juncus a rush.] Full of rushes: resembling rushes; juncaceous. [R.] Johnson.
1913 Webster]

Junc"tion (?), n. [L. junctio, fr. jungere, junctum, to join: cf. F. jonction. See Join.]
1913 Webster]

1. The act of joining, or the state of being joined; union; combination; coalition; as, the junction of two armies or detachments; the junction of paths.
1913 Webster]

2. The place or point of union, meeting, or junction; specifically, the place where two or more lines of railway meet or cross.
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Junction plate (Boilers), a covering or break-join plate riveted to and uniting the edges of sheets which make a butt joint. -- Junction rails (Railroads), the switch, or movable, rails, connecting one line of track with another.
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Junc"tion box. (Elec.) A box through which the main conductors of a system of electric distribution pass, and where connection is made with branch circuits.
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

Junc"ture (j, n. [L. junctura, fr. jungere to join. See Jointure.] 1. A joining; a union; an alliance. [Obs.] \'bdDevotional compliance and juncture of hearts.\'b8 Eikon Basilike.
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2. The line or point at which two bodies are joined; a joint; an articulation; a seam; as, the junctures of a vessel or of the bones. Boyle.
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3. A point of time; esp., one made critical or important by a concurrence of circumstances; hence, a crisis; an exigency. \'bdExtraordinary junctures.\'b8 Addison.
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In such a juncture, what can the most plausible and refined philosophy offer? Berkeley.
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Juncus n. The type genus of the Juncaceae, comprising the rushes; they are perennial tufted glabrous marsh plants of temperate regions.
Syn. -- genus Juncus.
WordNet 1.5]

June (?), n. [L. Junius: cf. F. Juin. So called either from Junius, the name of a Roman gens, or from Juno, the goddess.] The sixth month of the year, containing thirty days.
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And what is so rare as a day in June?
Lowell.
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June beetle, June bug (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of large brown beetles of the genus Lachnosterna and related genera; -- so called because they begin to fly, in the northern United States, about the first of June. The larv\'91 of the June beetles live under ground, and feed upon the roots of grasses and other plants. Called also May bug or May beetle. -- June grass (Bot.), a New England name for Kentucky blue grass. See Blue glass, and Illustration in Appendix.
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June"a*ting (?), n. A kind of early apple. [Written also jenneting.]
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June"ber`ry (?), n. (Bot.) (a) The small applelike berry of American trees of genus Amelanchier; -- also called service berry. (b) The shrub or tree which bears this fruit; -- also called shad bush, and shad tree.
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June" bug` (?), n. (Zo\'94.) 1. See june beetle.
PJC]

2. A firefly. [Chiefly Northern U. S.]
PJC]

Jung prop. n. Carl Gustav Jung, a noted Swiss psychiatrist and Psychologist(1875-1961).
Syn. -- Carl Jung, Carl Gustav Jung.
WordNet 1.5]

\'d8Jun`ger*man"ni*a (?), prop. n.; pl. Jungermanni\'91 (#). [NL. Named after Ludwig Jungermann, a German botanist.] (Bot.) A genus of hepatic mosses, now much circumscribed, but formerly comprising most plants of the family, which is sometimes therefore called Jungermanniace\'91.
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Jungermanniaceae prop. n. A natural family of plants comprising the leafy members of the order Jungermanniales.
Syn. -- family Jungermanniaceae.
WordNet 1.5]

Jungermanniales prop. n. A large order of chiefly tropical liverworts.
Syn. -- order Jungermanniales.
WordNet 1.5]

Jungian prop. a. of or pertaining to Carl Jung, Swiss psychiatrist.
WordNet 1.5]

Jun"gle (j, n. [Hind. jangal desert, forest, jungle; Skr. ja desert.] 1. A dense growth of brushwood, grasses, reeds, vines, etc.; an almost impenetrable thicket of trees, canes, and reedy vegetation, as in India, Africa, Australia, and Brazil.

The jungles of India are of bamboos, canes, and other palms, very difficult to penetrate. Balfour (Cyc. of India).
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2. Hence: (Fig.) A place of danger or ruthless competition for survival. /'bdIt's a jungle out there./'b8
PJC]

3. Anything which causes confusion or difficulty due to intricacy; as, a jungle of environmental regulations. MW10.
PJC]

Jungle bear (Zo\'94l.), the aswail or sloth bear. -- Jungle cat (Zo\'94l.), the chaus. -- Jungle cock (Zo\'94l.), the male of a jungle fowl. -- Jungle fowl. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any wild species of the genus Gallus, of which several species inhabit India and the adjacent islands; as, the fork-tailed jungle fowl (G. varius) of Java, G. Stanleyi of Ceylon, and G. Bankiva of India. The latter, which resembles the domestic gamecock, is supposed to be one of the original species from which the domestic fowl was derived. (b) An Australian grallatorial bird (Megapodius tumulus) which is allied to the brush turkey, and, like the latter, lays its eggs in mounds of vegetable matter, where they are hatched by the heat produced by decomposition.
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Jun"gly (j, a. Consisting of jungles; abounding with jungles; of the nature of a jungle.
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Jun"ior (j, a. [L. contr. fr. juvenior, compar. of juvenis young. See Juvenile.]
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1. Less advanced in age than another; younger. Abbreviated Jr.
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Junior is applied to distinguish the younger of two persons bearing the same name in the same family, and is opposed to senior or elder. Commonly applied to a son who has the same Christian name as his father.
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2. Lower in standing or in rank, or having entered later into a position or office; as, a junior partner; junior counsel; junior captain; the junior Senator from New York.
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3. Composed of juniors, whether younger or a lower standing; as, the junior class; the junior baseball league; of or pertaining to juniors or to a junior class. See Junior, n., 2.
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4. Belonging to a younger person, or an earlier time of life.
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Our first studies and junior endeavors. Sir T. Browne.
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5. of or relating to the third year of a four-year term; -- used of the third or next to final year in a U. S. high school or college. See junior{2}, n..
Syn. -- third-year.
WordNet 1.5 +PJC]

Jun"ior, n. 1. A younger person.
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His junior she, by thirty years. Byron.
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2. Hence: One of a lower or later standing; specifically, in American colleges and four-year high schools, one in the third year of his course, one in the fourth or final year being designated a senior; in some seminaries, one in the first year, in others, one in the second year, of a three years' course.
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Jun*ior"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being junior.
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Ju"ni*per (?), n. [L. juniperus, prop., youth-producing, and so called from its evergreen appearance, from the roots of E. juvenile, and parent. Cf. Gin the liquor.] (Bot.) Any evergreen shrub or tree, of the genus Juniperus and order Conifer\'91.
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Juniperus communis) is a shrub of a low, spreading form, having awl-shaped, rigid leaves in whorls of threes, and bearing small purplish blue berries (or galbuli), of a warm, pungent taste, used as diuretic and in flavoring gin. A resin exudes from the bark, which has erroneously been considered identical with sandarach, and is used as pounce. The oil of juniper is acrid, and used for various purposes, as in medicine, for making varnish, etc. The wood of several species is of a reddish color, hard and durable, and is used in cabinetwork under the names of red cedar, Bermuda cedar, etc.
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Juniper worm (Zo\'94l.), the larva of a geometrid moth (Drepanodes varus). It feeds upon the leaves of the juniper, and mimics the small twigs both in form and color, in a remarkable manner.
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Ju"ni*per*in (?), n. (Chem.) A yellow amorphous substance extracted from juniper berries.
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Ju"ni*per*ite (?), n. (Paleon.) One of the fossil Conifer\'91, evidently allied to the juniper.
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Juniperus n. The genus of trees comprising the junipers.
Syn. -- genus Juniperus.
WordNet 1.5]

<-- p. 806 -->

Junk (j, n. A fragment of any solid substance; a thick piece. See Chunk. [Colloq.] Lowell.
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Junk, n. [Pg. junco junk, rush, L. juncus a bulrush, of which ropes were made in early ages. Cf. Junket.]
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1. Pieces of old cable or old cordage, used for making gaskets, mats, swabs, etc., and when picked to pieces, forming oakum for filling the seams of ships.
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2. Old iron, or other metal, glass, paper, etc., bought and sold by junk dealers.
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3. Hence: Something worthless, or only worth its value as recyclable scrap.
PJC]

4. (Naut.) Hard salted beef supplied to ships.
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Junk bottle , a stout bottle made of thick dark-colored glass. -- Junk dealer, a dealer in old cordage, old metal, glass, etc. -- Junk hook (Whaling), a hook for hauling heavy pieces of blubber on deck. -- Junk ring. (a) A packing of soft material round the piston of a steam engine. (b) A metallic ring for retaining a piston packing in place; (c) A follower. -- Junk shop, a shop where old cordage, and ship's tackle, old iron, old bottles, old paper, etc., are kept for sale. -- Junk vat (Leather Manuf.), a large vat into which spent tan liquor or ooze is pumped. -- Junk wad (Mil.), a wad used in proving cannon; also used in firing hot shot.
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Junk, n. [Pg. junco; cf. Jav. & Malay jong, ajong, Chin. chwan.] (Naut.) A large vessel, without keel or prominent stem, and with huge masts in one piece, used by the Chinese, Japanese, Siamese, Malays, etc., in navigating their waters.
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junked adj. same as cast-off. Contrasted with kept, retained, and saved.
Syn. -- cast-off(prenominal), discarded, scrap(prenominal), waste.
WordNet 1.5]

\'d8Jun"ker (?), n. [G. Cf. Yonker.] A young German noble or squire; esp., a member of the aristocratic party in Prussia.
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Jun"ker*ism (?), n. The principles of the aristocratic party in Prussia.
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Jun"ket (?), n. [Formerly also juncate, fr. It. giuncata cream cheese, made in a wicker or rush basket, fr. L. juncus a rush. See 2d Junk, and cf. Juncate.]
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1. A cheese cake; a sweetmeat; any delicate food.
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How Faery Mab the junkets eat. Milton.
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Victuals varied well in taste,
junkets.
Chapman.
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2. A feast; an entertainment.
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A new jaunt or junket every night. Thackeray.
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3. A trip made at the expense of an organization of which the traveller is an official, ostensibly to obtain information relevant to one's duties; especially, a trip made by a public official at government expense. The term is sometimes used opprobriously, from a belief that such trips are often taken for private pleasure, and are therefore a waste of public money; as, a congressional junket to a tropical country.
PJC]

Jun"ket, v. i. To feast; to banquet; to make an entertainment; -- sometimes applied opprobriously to feasting by public officers at the public cost.
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Job's children junketed and feasted together often. South.
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Jun"ket, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Junketed; p. pr. & vb. n. Junketing.] To give entertainment to; to feast.
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The good woman took my lodgings over my head, and was in such a hurry to junket her neighbors. Walpole.
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Jun"ket*ing, n. 1. A feast or entertainment; a revel.
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All those snug junketings and public gormandizings for which the ancient magistrates were equally famous with their modern successors. W. Irving.
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The apostle would have no reveling or junketing upon the altar. South.
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2. The act or process of taking a junket{3}.
PJC]

Jun"ket*ries (?), n. pl. Sweetmeats. [Obs.]
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junkyard n. a field where junk is collected and stored for resale.
WordNet 1.5]

Ju"no (j, n.; pl. Junos (j. [L.]
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1. (Rom. Myth.) The queen of the Olympian gods, the sister and wife of Jupiter, and the goddess who presided over marriage. She corresponds to the Greek Hera.
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Sweeter than the lids of Juno's eyes. Shak.
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2. (Astron.) One of the early discovered asteroids.
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Bird of Juno, the peacock.
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Junoesque prop. a. suggestive of a statue.
Syn. -- statuesque.
WordNet 1.5]

Jun"ta (j, n.; pl. Juntas (j. [Sp., fr. L. junctus joined, p. p. of jungere to join. See Join, and cf. Junto.] 1. A council; a convention; a tribunal; an assembly; esp., the grand council of state in Spain.
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2. A junto.
PJC]

3. A small committee or group self-appointed to serve as the government of a country, usually just after a coup d'etat or revolution, and often composed primarily of military men. The term is used mostly in Latin American countries.
PJC]

Jun"to (j, n.; pl. Juntos (j. [Sp. junto united. See Junta.] A secret council to deliberate on affairs of government or politics; a number of men combined for party intrigue; a faction; a cabal; as, a junto of ministers; a junto of politicians.
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The puzzling sons of party next appeared,
juntos met.
Thomson.
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Jup"ar*tie (?), n. Jeopardy. [Obs.] Chaucer.
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Ju`pa*ti" palm` (?). (Bot.) A great Brazilian palm tree (Raphia t\'91digera), used by the natives for many purposes.
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Jupe (?), n. Same as Jupon.
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Ju"pi*ter (?), n. [L., fr. Jovis pater. See Jove.]
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1. (Rom. Myth.) The supreme deity, king of gods and men, and reputed to be the son of Saturn and Rhea; Jove. He corresponds to the Greek Zeus.
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2. (Astron.) One of the planets, being the fifth from the sun, the brightest except Venus, and the largest of them all, its mean radius being about 43,345 miles (69,758 kilometers), almost exactly one-tenth that of the sun. It revolves about the sun in 4,332.6 days, at a mean distance of 5.2025 from the sun (778,140,000 km), the earth's mean distance (the astronomical unit) being taken as unity. It has a mass of 1.901 x 1027 kg, about one-thousandth that of the sun, and more than the remainder of the planets combined. It has an average solar day equal to 9.842 earth hours. The rapid revolution causes a noticeable flattening at the poles; the diameter at the equator is 71,370 km, and at the poles 66,644 km. HCP61
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Jupiter's beard. (Bot.) (a) A South European herb, with cymes of small red blossoms (Centranthus ruber). (b) The houseleek (Sempervivum tectorum); -- so called from its massive inflorescence, like the sculptured beard of Jove. Prior. (c) the cloverlike Anthyllis Barba-Jovis. -- Jupiter's staff (Bot.), the common mullein; -- so called from its long, rigid spike of yellow blossoms.

{ Ju*pon" (?), Jup*pon" (?), } n. [F. jupon, fr. jupe skirt, Sp. aljuba a Moorish garment, Ar. jubba.] [Written variously jupe, jump, juppo, etc.]
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1. A sleeveless jacket worn over the armor in the 14th century. It fitted closely, and descended below the hips. Dryden.
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2. A petticoat. Halliwell.
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Ju"ra (?), prop. n. [F. & L.] 1. A range of mountains between France and Switzerland.
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2. (Geol.) The Jurassic period. See Jurassic.
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Ju"ral (?), a. [L. jus, juris, right.]
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1. Pertaining to natural or positive right. [R.]
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By the adjective jural we shall denote that which has reference to the doctrine of rights and obligations; as by the adjective \'bdmoral\'b8 we denote that which has reference to the doctrine of duties. Whewell.
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2. (Law) Of or pertaining to jurisprudence.
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\'d8Ju`ra*men"tum (?), n.; pl. Juramenta (. [L.] (Roman & Old Eng. Law) An oath.
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Ju*ras"sic (?), a. (Geol.) Of the age of the middle Mesozoic, about 190 to 140 million years ago, including, as divided in England and Europe, the Lias, O\'94lite, and Wealden; -- named from certain rocks of the Jura mountains. It was noted for the predominance of dinosaurs on land, and the development of the first birds and mammals. -- n. The Jurassic period or formation; -- called also the Jura.
1913 Webster +PJC]

Ju"rat (?), n. [Prov. F. jurat, fr. L. juratus sworn, p. p. of jurare to swear. See Jury, n.]
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1. A person under oath; specifically, an officer of the nature of an alderman, in certain municipal corporations in England. Burrill.
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2. (Law) The memorandum or certificate at the end of an asffidavit, or a bill or answer in chancery, showing when, before whom, and (in English practice), where, it was sworn or affirmed. Wharton. Bouvier.
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Ju"ra*to*ry (?), a. [L. juratorius, fr. jurare to swear: cf. F. juratoire.] Relating to or comprising an oath; as, juratory caution. Ayliffe.
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Ju`ra-tri"as (?), n. (Geol.) A term applied to many American Mesozoic strata, in which the characteristics of the Jurassic and Triassic periods appear to be blended. -- Ju`ra-tri*as"sic (#), a.
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Jur*dic"ci*on (j, n. Jurisdiction. [Obs.]
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Jur"don (j, prop. n. Jordan. [Obs.] Chaucer.
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Ju"rel (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A yellow carangoid fish of the Atlantic and Gulf coasts (Caranx chrysos), most abundant southward, where it is valued as a food fish; -- called also hardtail, horse crevall\'82, jack, buffalo jack, skipjack, yellow mackerel, and sometimes, improperly, horse mackerel. Other species of Caranx (as Caranx fallax) are also sometimes called jurel.

{ Ju*rid"ic (?), Ju*rid"ic*al (?), } a. [L. juridicus relating to the administration of justice; jus, juris, right, law + dicare to pronounce: cf. F. juridique. See Just, a., and Diction.] Pertaining to a judge or to jurisprudence; acting in the distribution of justice; used in courts of law; according to law; legal; as, juridical law. \'bdThis juridical sword.\'b8 Milton.
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The body corporate of the kingdom, in juridical construction, never dies. Burke.
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Juridical days, days on which courts are open.
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Ju*rid*ic*al*ly, adv. In a juridical manner.
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Ju`ris*con"sult (?), n. [L. jurisconsultus; jus, juris, right + consulere, consultum, to consult: cf. F. jurisconsulte.] (Law) A man learned in the civil law; an expert in juridical science; a professor of jurisprudence; a jurist.
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Ju`ris*dic"tion (?), n. [L. jurisdictio; jus, juris, right, law + dictio a saying, speaking: cf. OF. jurisdiction, F. juridiction. See Just, a., and Diction.]
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1. (Law) The legal power, right, or authority of a particular court to hear and determine causes, to try criminals, or to execute justice; judicial authority over a cause or class of causes; as, certain suits or actions, or the cognizance of certain crimes, are within the jurisdiction of a particular court, that is, within the limits of its authority or commission.
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2. The authority of a sovereign power to govern or legislate; the right of making or enforcing laws; the power or right of exercising authority.
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To live exempt
jurisdiction.
Milton.
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You wrought to be a legate; by which power
jurisdiction of all bishops.
Shak.
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3. Sphere of authority; the limits within which any particular power may be exercised, or within which a government or a court has authority.
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Jurisdiction, in its most general sense, is the power to make, declare, or apply the law. When confined to the judiciary department, it is what we denominate the judicial power, the right of administering justice through the laws, by the means which the laws have provided for that purpose. Jurisdiction is limited to place or territory, to persons, or to particular subjects. Duponceau.
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Ju`ris*dic"tion*al (?), a. [Cf. LL. jurisdictionalis, F. juridictionnel.] Of or pertaining to jurisdiction; as, jurisdictional rights. Barrow.
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Ju`ris*dic"tive (?), a. Having jurisdiction. Milton.
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Ju`ris*pru"dence (?), n. [L. jurisprudentia; jus, juris, right, law + prudentia a foreseeing, knowledge of a matter, prudence: cf. F. jurisprudence. See Just, a., and Prudence.] The science of juridical law; the knowledge of the laws, customs, and rights of men in a state or community, necessary for the due administration of justice.
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The talents of Abelard were not confined to theology, jurisprudence, philosophy. J. Warton.
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Medical jurisprudence, that branch of juridical law which concerns questions of medicine.
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Ju`ris*pru"dent (?), a. [See Jurisprudence.] Understanding law; skilled in jurisprudence. G. West.
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Ju`ris*pru"dent, n. [Cf. F. jurisprudent.] One skilled in law or jurisprudence. [R.] De Quincey.
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Ju`ris*pru*den"tial (?), a. Of or pertaining to jurisprudence. Stewart.
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Ju`rist (?), n. [F. juriste, LL. jurista, fr. L. jus, juris, right, law. See Just, a.] One who professes the science of law; one versed in the law, especially in the civil law, such as a judge, lawyer, or legal scholar; a writer on civil and international law.
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It has ever been the method of public jurists to draw a great part of the analogies on which they form the law of nations from the principles of law which prevail in civil community. Burke.

{ Ju*ris"tic (?), Ju*ris"tic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to a jurist, to the legal profession, or to jurisprudence. [R.] \'bdJuristic ancestry.\'b8 Lowell.
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Ju"ror (?), n. [F. jureur one who takes oath, L. jurator a swearer, fr. jurare, jurari, to swear. See Jury, n.]
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1. (Law) A member of a jury; a juryman.
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I shall both find your lordship judge and juror. Shak.
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2. A member of any jury for awarding prizes, etc.
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Ju"ry (?), a. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Naut.) For temporary use; -- applied to a temporary contrivance.
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Jury rudder, a rudder constructed for temporary use.
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Ju"ry (?), n.; pl. Juries (#). [OF. jur\'82e an assize, fr. jurer to swear, L. jurare, jurari; akin to jus, juris, right, law. See Just,a., and cf. Jurat, Abjure.]
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1. (Law) A body of people, selected according to law, impaneled and sworn to inquire into and try any matter of fact, and to render their true verdict according to the evidence legally adduced. In criminal trials the number of such persons is usually twelve, but in civil cases and in grand juries it may different. See Grand jury under Grand, and Inquest.
1913 Webster +PJC]

The jury, passing on the prisoner's life. Shak.
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2. A committee for determining relative merit or awarding prizes at an exhibition or competition; as, the art jury gave him the first prize.
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Jury of inquest, a coroner's jury. See Inquest.
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Ju"ry*man (?), n.; pl. Jurymen (. One who is impaneled on a jury, or who serves as a juror.
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Ju"ry mast. (a) A temporary mast, in place of one that has been carried away, or broken. (b) (Med.) An apparatus to support the trunk and head in spinal disease.
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

Ju"ry-rig` (?), v. t. to rig for temporary service; to construct flimsily and in makeshift fashion. See Jury, a.
PJC]

ju"ry-rigged` (?), a. (Naut.) Rigged for temporary service; done or made using whatever materials are available; makeshift; as, the survivors used jury-rigged fishing gear. See Jury, a.
Syn. -- improvised, makeshift.
1913 Webster +PJC]

Jus"si (?), n. A delicate fiber, produced in the Philippine Islands from an unidentified plant, of which dresses, etc., are made.
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jus"sive (?), a. (Grammar) Indicating or expressive of a mild command; as, the jussive case. -- n. The jussive case; a jussive mood, form, word, or construction.
PJC]

Just (?), a. [F. juste, L. justus, fr. jus right, law, justice; orig., that which is fitting; akin to Skr. yu to join. Cf. Injury, Judge, Jury, Giusto.]
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1. Conforming or conformable to rectitude or justice; not doing wrong to any; violating no right or obligation; upright; righteous; honest; true; -- said both of persons and things. \'bdO just but severe law!\'b8 Shak.
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There is not a just man upon earth, that doeth good, and sinneth not. Eccl. vii. 20.
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Just balances, just weights, . . . shall ye have. Lev. xix. 36.
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How should man be just with God? Job ix. 2.
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We know your grace to be a man.
Just and upright.
Shak.
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2. Not transgressing the requirement of truth and propriety; conformed to the truth of things, to reason, or to a proper standard; exact; normal; reasonable; regular; due; as, a just statement; a just inference.
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Just of thy word, in every thought sincere. Pope.
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The prince is here at hand: pleaseth your lordship
just distance 'tween our armies.
Shak.
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He was a comely personage, a little above just stature. Bacon.
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Fire fitted with just materials casts a constant heat. Jer. Taylor.
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When all
just array.
Addison.
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Their names alone would make a just volume. Burton.
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3. Rendering or disposed to render to each one his due; equitable; fair; impartial; as, just judge.
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Men are commonly so just to virtue and goodness as to praise it in others, even when they do not practice it themselves. Tillotson.
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Just intonation. (Mus.) (a) The correct sounding of notes or intervals; true pitch. (b) The giving all chords and intervals in their purity or their exact mathematical ratio, or without temperament; a process in which the number of notes and intervals required in the various keys is much greater than the twelve to the octave used in systems of temperament. H. W. Poole.

Syn. -- Equitable; upright; honest; true; fair; impartial; proper; exact; normal; orderly; regular.
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Just, adv. 1. Precisely; exactly; -- in place, time, or degree; neither more nor less than is stated.
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And having just enough, not covet more. Dryden.
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The god Pan guided my hand just to the heart of the beast. Sir P. Sidney.
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To-night, at Herne's oak, just 'twixt twelve and one. Shak.
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2. Closely; nearly; almost.
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Just at the point of death. Sir W. Temple.
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3. Barely; merely; scarcely; only; by a very small space or time; as, he just missed the train; just too late.
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A soft Etesian gale
just inspired and gently swelled the sail.
Dryden.
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Just now, the least possible time since; a moment ago.
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Just, v. i. [See Joust.] To joust. Fairfax.
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Just, n. A joust. Dryden.
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Jus"tice (j, n. [F., fr. L. justitia, fr. justus just. See Just, a.]
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1. The quality of being just; conformity to the principles of righteousness and rectitude in all things; strict performance of moral obligations; practical conformity to human or divine law; integrity in the dealings of men with each other; rectitude; equity; uprightness.
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Justice and judgment are the haditation of thy throne. Ps. ixxxix. 11.
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The king-becoming graces,
Shak.
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2. Conformity to truth and reality in expressing opinions and in conduct; fair representation of facts respecting merit or demerit; honesty; fidelity; impartiality; as, the justice of a description or of a judgment; historical justice.
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3. The rendering to every one his due or right; just treatment; requital of desert; merited reward or punishment; that which is due to one's conduct or motives.
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This even-handed justice
Shak.
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4. Agreeableness to right; equity; justness; as, the justice of a claim.
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5. A person duly commissioned to hold courts, or to try and decide controversies and administer justice.
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Bed of justice. See under Bed. -- Chief justice. See in the Vocabulary. -- Justice of the peace (Law), a judicial officer or subordinate magistrate appointed for the conservation of the peace in a specified district, with other incidental powers specified in his commission. In the United States a justice of the peace has jurisdiction to adjudicate certain minor cases, commit offenders, officiate at marriages, etc.; abbreviated JP.

Syn. -- Equity; law; right; rectitude; honesty; integrity; uprightness; fairness; impartiality. -- Justice, Equity, Law. Justice and equity are the same; but human laws, though designed to secure justice, are of necessity imperfect, and hence what is strictly legal is at times far from being equitable or just. Here a court of equity comes in to redress the grievances. It does so, as distinguished from courts of law; and as the latter are often styled courts of justice, some have fancied that there is in this case a conflict between justice and equity. The real conflict is against the working of the law; this a court of equity brings into accordance with the claims of justice. It would be an unfortunate use of language which should lead any one to imagine he might have justice on his side while practicing iniquity (inequity).

Justice, Rectitude. Rectitude, in its widest sense, is one of the most comprehensive words in our language, denoting absolute conformity to the rule of right in principle and practice. Justice refers more especially to the carrying out of law, and has been considered by moralists as of three kinds: (1) Commutative justice, which gives every man his own property, including things pledged by promise. (2) Distributive justice, which gives every man his exact deserts. (3) General justice, which carries out all the ends of law, though not in every case through the precise channels of commutative or distributive justice; as we see often done by a parent or a ruler in his dealings with those who are subject to his control.
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Jus"tice (?), v. t. To administer justice to. [Obs.] Bacon.
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Jus"tice*a*ble (?), a. Liable to trial in a court of justice. [Obs.] Hayward.
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Jus"tice*hood (?), n. Justiceship. B. Jonson.
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Jus"tice*ment (?), n. Administration of justice; procedure in courts of justice. [Obs.] Johnson.
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Jus"ti*cer (?), n. One who administers justice; a judge. [Obs.] \'bdSome upright justicer.\'b8 Shak.
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Jus"tice*ship (?), n. The office or dignity of a justice. Holland.
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Jus*ti"ci*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. LL. justitiabilis, F. justiciable.] Proper to be examined in a court of justice. Bailey.
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Jus*ti"ci*ar (?), n. Same as Justiciary.
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Jus*ti"ci*a*ry (?), n. [Cf. LL. justitiarius, F. justicier. See Justice.] (Old Eng. Law) An old name for the judges of the higher English courts.
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chief justiciary, or justiciar, in early English history, was not only the chief justice of the kingdom, but also ex officio regent in the king's absence.
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Court of justiciary (Scots Law), the supreme criminal court, having jurisdiction over the whole of Scotland.

{ Jus"ti*co (?), Jus"ti*coat` (?) }, n. [F. justaucorps, lit., close to the body.] Formerly, a close coat or waistcoat with sleeves.
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Jus"ti*fi`a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. justifiable. See Justify.] Capable of being justified, or shown to be just.
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Just are the ways of God,
justifiable to men.
Milton.

Syn. -- Defensible; vindicable; warrantable; excusable; exculpable; authorizable.

-- Jus"ti*fi`a*ble*ness, n. -- Jus"ti*fi`a*bly, adv.
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Jus`ti*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. justificatio: cf. F. justification. See Justify.]
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1. The act of justifying or the state of being justified; a showing or proving to be just or conformable to law, justice, right, or duty; defense; vindication; support; as, arguments in justification of the prisoner's conduct; his disobedience admits justification.
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I hope, for my brother's justification, he wrote this but as an essay or taste of my virtue. Shak.
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2. (Law) The showing in court of a sufficient lawful reason why a party charged or accused did that for which he is called to answer.
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3. (Theol.) The act of justifying, or the state of being justified, in respect to God's requirements.
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Who was delivered for our offenses, and was raised again for our justification. Rom. iv. 25.
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In such righteousness
Justification toward God, and peace
Milton.
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4. (Print.) Adjustment of type (in printing), or of the final spacing of printed text, by spacing it so as to make it exactly fill a line, or line up at one edge of the allotted portion of the printed page; adjustment of a cut so as to hold it in the right place; also, the leads, quads, etc., used for making such adjustment; as, left justification is the most common format for simple letters, but left and right justification is typically used in books.
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Jus*tif"i*ca*tive (?; 277), a. [Cf. F. justificatif.] Having power to justify; justificatory.
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Jus"ti*fi*ca`tor (?), n. [LL. justificator: cf. F. justificateur.] One who justifies or vindicates; a justifier. Johnson.
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Jus*tif"i*ca*to*ry (?; 277), a. Vindicatory; defensory; justificative.
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jus"ti*fied (?), a. (Printing) Arranged and spaced so as to line up at the left side or right side of the printed page, or on both sides; as, left justified; right justified.
PJC]

Jus"ti*fi`er (?), n. One who justifies; one who vindicates, supports, defends, or absolves.
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Justifiers of themselves and hypocrites. Strype.
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That he might be just, and the justifier of him which believeth in Jesus. Rom. iii. 26.
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Jus"ti*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Justified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Justifying (?).] [F. justifier, L. justificare; justus just + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See Just, a., and -fy.]
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1. To prove or show to be just; to vindicate; to maintain or defend as conformable to law, right, justice, propriety, or duty.
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That to the height of this great argument
justify the ways of God to men.
Milton.
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Unless the oppression is so extreme as to justify revolution, it would not justify the evil of breaking up a government. E. Everett.
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2. To pronounce free from guilt or blame; to declare or prove to have done that which is just, right, proper, etc.; to absolve; to exonerate; to clear.
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I can not justify whom the law condemns. Shak.
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3. (Theol.) To treat as if righteous and just; to pardon; to exculpate; to absolve.
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By him all that believe are justified from all things, from which ye could not be justified by the law of Moses. Acts xiii. 39.
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4. To prove; to ratify; to confirm. [Obs.] Shak.
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5. (Print.) To make even or true, as lines of type, by proper spacing; to align (text) at the left (left justify) or right (right justify) margins of a column or page, or at both margins; to adjust, as type. See Justification, 4.
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6. (Law) (a) To show (a person) to have had a sufficient legal reason for an act that has been made the subject of a charge or accusation. (b) To qualify (one's self) as a surety by taking oath to the ownership of sufficient property.
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

The production of bail in court, who there justify themselves against the exception of the plaintiff. Bouvier's Law Dict.
Webster 1913 Suppl.]

Syn. -- To defend; maintain; vindicate; excuse; exculpate; absolve; exonerate.
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Jus"ti*fy, v. i. 1. (Print.) To form an even surface or true line with something else; to fit exactly.
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2. (Law) To take oath to the ownership of property sufficient to qualify one's self as bail or surety.
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Jus*tin"i*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Institutes or laws of the Roman Justinian.
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Jus"tle (?), v. i. [Freq. of joust, just, v. i. See Joust, v. i., and cf. Jostle.] To run or strike against each other; to encounter; to clash; to jostle. Shak.
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The chariots shall rage in the streets; they shall justle one against another in the broad ways. Nahum ii. 4.
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Jus"tle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Justled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Justling (?).] To push; to drive; to force by running against; to jostle.
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We justled one another out, and disputed the post for a great while. Addison.
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Jus"tle, n. An encounter or shock; a jostle.
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Just"ly (?), adv. [From Just, a.] In a just manner; in conformity to law, justice, or propriety; by right; honestly; fairly; accurately. \'bdIn equal balance justly weighed.\'b8 Shak.
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Nothing can justly be despised that can not justly be blamed: where there is no choice there can be no blame. South.
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Just"ness, n. The quality of being just; conformity to truth, propriety, accuracy, exactness, and the like; justice; reasonableness; fairness; equity; as, justness of proportions; the justness of a description or representation; the justness of a cause.
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In value the satisfaction I had in seeing it represented with all the justness and gracefulness of action. Dryden.
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Justness is properly applied to things, and justice to persons; but the distinction is not always observed.

Syn. -- Accuracy; exactness; correctness; propriety; fitness; reasonableness; equity; uprightness; justice.
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Jut (j, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jutted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jutting.] [A corruption of jet.]
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1. To shoot out or forward; to project beyond the main body; as, the jutting part of a building. \'bdIn jutting rock and curved shore.\'b8 Wordsworth.
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It seems to jut out of the structure of the poem. Sir T. Browne.
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2. To butt. [Obs.] \'bdThe jutting steer.\'b8 Mason.
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Jut, n. 1. That which projects or juts; a projection.
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2. A shove; a push. [Obs.] Udall.
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Jute (j, n. [Hind. j, Skr. j matted hair; cf. ja matted hair, fibrous roots.] The coarse, strong fiber of the East Indian Corchorus olitorius, and Corchorus capsularis; also, the plant itself. The fiber is much used for making mats, gunny cloth, cordage, hangings, paper, etc.
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Jutes (j, prop. n. pl. sing. Jute. (Ethnol.) Jutlanders; one of the Low German tribes, a portion of which settled in Kent, England, in the 5th century.
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Jut"land*er (?), prop. n. A native or inhabitant of Jutland in Denmark.
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Jut"land*ish, prop. a. Of or pertaining to Jutland, or to the people of Jutland.
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Jut"ting (?), a. Projecting, as corbels, cornices, etc. -- Jut"ting*ly, adv.
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Jut"ty (?), n. [See Jetty, Jut, Jet.] A projection in a building; also, a pier or mole; a jetty. Shak.
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Jut"ty, v. t. & i. To project beyond. [Obs.] Shak.
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Ju"ve*nal (?), n. [L. juvenalis youthful, juvenile, fr. juvenis young.] A youth. [Obs.] Shak.
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Ju`ve*nes"cence (?), n. A growing young.
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Ju`ve*nes"cent (?), a. [L. juvenescens, p. pr. of juvenescere to grow young again, from juvenis young.] Growing or becoming young.
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Ju"ve*nile (?; 277), a. [L. juvenilis, from juvenis young; akin to E. young: cf. F. juv\'82nile, juv\'82nil. See Young.]
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1. Young; youthful; as, a juvenile appearance. \'bdA juvenile exercitation.\'b8 Glanvill.
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2. Of or pertaining to youth; as, juvenile sports.

3. Characteristic of children; immature; childish; puerile; infantile; as, a juvenile temper tantrum.
PJC]

Syn. -- Puerile; boyish; childish. See Youthful.
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Ju"ve*nile, n. A young person or youth; -- used sportively or familiarly. C. Bront\'82.
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ju"ve*nile de*lin"quent (?), n. A child or person of minor age who commits acts which would be considered criminal if performed by an adult, such as theft, vandalism, or violence; especially, one who habitually acts in such an antisocial manner and cannot be controlled by parents. Abbreviated JD.
PJC]

juvenile hormone (Zo/'94l.) n. A hormone secreted by insects which inhibits the molting of an insect from its juvenile into its adult form; also, substances having similar activity, but produced by plants.
PJC]

Ju"ve*nile*ness, n. The state or quality of being juvenile; juvenility.
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Ju`ve*nil"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Juvenilities (#). [L. juvenilitas: cf. F. juv\'82nilit\'82.]
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1. Youthfulness; adolescence. Glanvill.
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2. The manners or character of youth; immaturity. Glanvill.
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Ju"vi*a (?), n. (Bot.) A Brazilian name for the lofty myrtaceous tree (Bertholetia excelsa) which produces the large seeds known as Brazil nuts.
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\'d8Ju*wan"sa (?), n. (Bot.) The camel's thorn. See under Camel.
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Ju*wise" (?), n. [Obs.] Same as Juise. Chaucer.
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Jux`ta*pose" (j, v. t. [Cf. Juxtaposit, Pose.] To place in juxtaposition. Huxley.
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Jux`ta*pos"it (j, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Juxtaposited; p. pr. & vb. n. Juxtapositing.] [L. juxta near + positus, p. p. of ponere to put.] To place in close connection or contiguity; to juxtapose. Derham.
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Jux`ta*po*si"tion (j, n. [L. juxta near + positio position: cf. F. juxtaposition. See Just, v. i., and Position.] A placing or being placed in nearness or contiguity, or side by side; as, a juxtaposition of words.
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Parts that are united by a a mere juxtaposition. Glanvill.
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Juxtaposition is a very unsafe criterion of continuity. Hare.
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Jym"old (j, a. [Obs.] See Gimmal.
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