GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual

Tips for Making Compiled Code Fast

Here are ways of improving the execution speed of byte-compiled Lisp programs.

Profile your program with the `profile' library or the `elp' library. See the files `profile.el' and `elp.el' for instructions.
Use iteration rather than recursion whenever possible. Function calls are slow in Emacs Lisp even when a compiled function is calling another compiled function.
Using the primitive list-searching functions memq, member, assq, or assoc is even faster than explicit iteration. It can be worth rearranging a data structure so that one of these primitive search functions can be used.
Certain built-in functions are handled specially in byte-compiled code, avoiding the need for an ordinary function call. It is a good idea to use these functions rather than alternatives. To see whether a function is handled specially by the compiler, examine its byte-compile property. If the property is non-nil, then the function is handled specially. For example, the following input will show you that aref is compiled specially (see section Functions that Operate on Arrays):
```
(get 'aref 'byte-compile)
     => byte-compile-two-args
```
If calling a small function accounts for a substantial part of your program's running time, make the function inline. This eliminates the function call overhead. Since making a function inline reduces the flexibility of changing the program, don't do it unless it gives a noticeable speedup in something slow enough that users care about the speed. See section Inline Functions.