GDB comes with a configure script that automates the process
of preparing GDB for installation; you can then use make to
build the gdb program.
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The GDB distribution includes all the source code you need for GDB in a single directory, whose name is usually composed by appending the version number to `gdb'.
For example, the GDB version 5.1.1 distribution is in the `gdb-5.1.1' directory. That directory contains:
gdb-5.1.1/configure (and supporting files)
gdb-5.1.1/gdb
gdb-5.1.1/bfd
gdb-5.1.1/include
gdb-5.1.1/libiberty
gdb-5.1.1/opcodes
gdb-5.1.1/readline
gdb-5.1.1/glob
gdb-5.1.1/mmalloc
The simplest way to configure and build GDB is to run configure
from the `gdb-version-number' source directory, which in
this example is the `gdb-5.1.1' directory.
First switch to the `gdb-version-number' source directory
if you are not already in it; then run configure. Pass the
identifier for the platform on which GDB will run as an
argument.
For example:
cd gdb-5.1.1 ./configure host make
where host is an identifier such as `sun4' or
`decstation', that identifies the platform where GDB will run.
(You can often leave off host; configure tries to guess the
correct value by examining your system.)
Running `configure host' and then running make builds the
`bfd', `readline', `mmalloc', and `libiberty'
libraries, then gdb itself. The configured source files, and the
binaries, are left in the corresponding source directories.
configure is a Bourne-shell (/bin/sh) script; if your
system does not recognize this automatically when you run a different
shell, you may need to run sh on it explicitly:
sh configure host
If you run configure from a directory that contains source
directories for multiple libraries or programs, such as the
`gdb-5.1.1' source directory for version 5.1.1, configure
creates configuration files for every directory level underneath (unless
you tell it not to, with the `--norecursion' option).
You can run the configure script from any of the
subordinate directories in the GDB distribution if you only want to
configure that subdirectory, but be sure to specify a path to it.
For example, with version 5.1.1, type the following to configure only
the bfd subdirectory:
cd gdb-5.1.1/bfd ../configure host
You can install gdb anywhere; it has no hardwired paths.
However, you should make sure that the shell on your path (named by
the `SHELL' environment variable) is publicly readable. Remember
that GDB uses the shell to start your program--some systems refuse to
let GDB debug child processes whose programs are not readable.
If you want to run GDB versions for several host or target machines,
you need a different gdb compiled for each combination of
host and target. configure is designed to make this easy by
allowing you to generate each configuration in a separate subdirectory,
rather than in the source directory. If your make program
handles the `VPATH' feature (GNU make does), running
make in each of these directories builds the gdb
program specified there.
To build gdb in a separate directory, run configure
with the `--srcdir' option to specify where to find the source.
(You also need to specify a path to find configure
itself from your working directory. If the path to configure
would be the same as the argument to `--srcdir', you can leave out
the `--srcdir' option; it is assumed.)
For example, with version 5.1.1, you can build GDB in a separate directory for a Sun 4 like this:
cd gdb-5.1.1 mkdir ../gdb-sun4 cd ../gdb-sun4 ../gdb-5.1.1/configure sun4 make
When configure builds a configuration using a remote source
directory, it creates a tree for the binaries with the same structure
(and using the same names) as the tree under the source directory. In
the example, you'd find the Sun 4 library `libiberty.a' in the
directory `gdb-sun4/libiberty', and GDB itself in
`gdb-sun4/gdb'.
One popular reason to build several GDB configurations in separate
directories is to configure GDB for cross-compiling (where
GDB runs on one machine--the host---while debugging
programs that run on another machine--the target).
You specify a cross-debugging target by
giving the `--target=target' option to configure.
When you run make to build a program or library, you must run
it in a configured directory--whatever directory you were in when you
called configure (or one of its subdirectories).
The Makefile that configure generates in each source
directory also runs recursively. If you type make in a source
directory such as `gdb-5.1.1' (or in a separate configured
directory configured with `--srcdir=dirname/gdb-5.1.1'), you
will build all the required libraries, and then build GDB.
When you have multiple hosts or targets configured in separate
directories, you can run make on them in parallel (for example,
if they are NFS-mounted on each of the hosts); they will not interfere
with each other.
The specifications used for hosts and targets in the configure
script are based on a three-part naming scheme, but some short predefined
aliases are also supported. The full naming scheme encodes three pieces
of information in the following pattern:
architecture-vendor-os
For example, you can use the alias sun4 as a host argument,
or as the value for target in a --target=target
option. The equivalent full name is `sparc-sun-sunos4'.
The configure script accompanying GDB does not provide
any query facility to list all supported host and target names or
aliases. configure calls the Bourne shell script
config.sub to map abbreviations to full names; you can read the
script, if you wish, or you can use it to test your guesses on
abbreviations--for example:
% sh config.sub i386-linux i386-pc-linux-gnu % sh config.sub alpha-linux alpha-unknown-linux-gnu % sh config.sub hp9k700 hppa1.1-hp-hpux % sh config.sub sun4 sparc-sun-sunos4.1.1 % sh config.sub sun3 m68k-sun-sunos4.1.1 % sh config.sub i986v Invalid configuration `i986v': machine `i986v' not recognized
config.sub is also distributed in the GDB source
directory (`gdb-5.1.1', for version 5.1.1).
configure options
Here is a summary of the configure options and arguments that
are most often useful for building GDB. configure also has
several other options not listed here. See Info file `configure.info', node `What Configure Does', for a full explanation of configure.
configure [--help]
[--prefix=dir]
[--exec-prefix=dir]
[--srcdir=dirname]
[--norecursion] [--rm]
[--target=target]
host
You may introduce options with a single `-' rather than `--' if you prefer; but you may abbreviate option names if you use `--'.
--help
configure.
--prefix=dir
--exec-prefix=dir
--srcdir=dirname
make, or another
make that implements the VPATH feature.configure writes configuration specific files in
the current directory, but arranges for them to use the source in the
directory dirname. configure creates directories under
the working directory in parallel to the source directories below
dirname.
--norecursion
configure is executed; do not
propagate configuration to subdirectories.
--target=target
host ...
There are many other options available as well, but they are generally needed for special purposes only.
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