Node:File Index, Previous:Variable Index, Up:Top

Program and File Index

• -lbsd-compat: Process Group Functions, Feature Test Macros
• /etc/group: Group Database
• /etc/hosts: Host Names
• /etc/localtime: TZ Variable
• /etc/networks: Networks Database
• /etc/passwd: User Database
• /etc/protocols: Protocols Database
• /etc/services: Services Database
• /share/lib/zoneinfo: TZ Variable
• argp.h: Argp
• argz.h: Argz Functions
• arpa/inet.h: Host Address Functions
• assert.h: Consistency Checking
• bsd-compat: Process Group Functions, Feature Test Macros
• cd: Working Directory
• chgrp: File Owner
• chown: File Owner
• complex.h: Operations on Complex, Complex Numbers, Mathematics
• ctype.h: Case Conversion, Classification of Characters, Character Handling
• dirent.h: Random Access Directory, Reading/Closing Directory, Opening a Directory, Directory Entries, Reserved Names
• envz.h: Envz Functions
• errno.h: Error Codes, Checking for Errors, Error Reporting
• execinfo.h: Backtraces
• fcntl.h: Interrupt Input, File Locks, File Status Flags, Descriptor Flags, Duplicating Descriptors, Control Operations, Opening and Closing Files, Reserved Names
• float.h: Floating Point Parameters
• fnmatch.h: Wildcard Matching
• gcc: ISO C
• gconv.h: glibc iconv Implementation
• grp.h: Group Data Structure, Setting Groups, Reserved Names
• hostid: Host Identification
• hostname: Host Identification
• iconv.h: Generic Conversion Interface
• kill: Termination Signals
• ksh: Wildcard Matching
• langinfo.h: The Elegant and Fast Way
• limits.h: Width of Type, Limits for Files, General Limits, Selecting the Conversion, Reserved Names
• locale: Setting the Locale
• locale.h: The Lame Way to Locale Data, Setting the Locale
• localtime: TZ Variable
• ls: File Attributes
• malloc.h: Statistics of Malloc, Hooks for Malloc, Malloc Tunable Parameters
• math.h: Rounding Functions, Normalization Functions, Absolute Value, Floating Point Classes, Mathematics
• mcheck.h: Heap Consistency Checking
• mkdir: Creating Directories
• netdb.h: Networks Database, Protocols Database, Services Database, Host Names
• netinet/in.h: Byte Order, Ports, Host Address Data Type, Internet Address Formats
• obstack.h: Creating Obstacks
• printf.h: Conversion Specifier Options, Registering New Conversions
• pwd.h: User Data Structure, Reserved Names
• setjmp.h: Non-Local Exits and Signals, Non-Local Details
• sh: Running a Command
• signal.h: BSD Signal Handling, Checking for Pending Signals, Process Signal Mask, Signal Sets, Signaling Another Process, Signaling Yourself, Flags for Sigaction, Advanced Signal Handling, Basic Signal Handling, Standard Signals, Reserved Names
• stdarg.h: Argument Macros, Receiving Arguments
• stddef.h: Important Data Types
• stdint.h: Integers
• stdio.h: Who Logged In, Identifying the Terminal, Signal Messages, Temporary Files, Deleting Files, Descriptors and Streams, Streams and Cookies, String Streams, Controlling Buffering, Flushing Buffers, Portable Positioning, File Positioning, Formatted Input Functions, Variable Arguments Output, Formatted Output Functions, Block Input/Output, Character Input, Simple Output, Opening Streams, Standard Streams, Streams
• stdlib.h: Running a Command, Aborting a Program, Exit Status, Environment Access, Parsing of Floats, Parsing of Integers, Absolute Value, Integer Division, SVID Random, BSD Random, ISO Random, Allocation, Array Sort Function, Array Search Function, Non-reentrant Character Conversion, Selecting the Conversion, Variable Size Automatic, Aligned Memory Blocks, Allocating Cleared Space, Changing Block Size, Freeing after Malloc, Basic Allocation
• string.h: Signal Messages, Trivial Encryption, Finding Tokens in a String, Search Functions, Collation Functions, String/Array Comparison, Copying and Concatenation, String Length
• sys/param.h: Host Identification
• sys/resource.h: Traditional Scheduling Functions, Limits on Resources, Resource Usage
• sys/socket.h: Socket-Level Options, Socket Option Functions, Sending Datagrams, Socket Data Options, Receiving Data, Sending Data, Socket Pairs, Closing a Socket, Creating a Socket, Internet Namespace, Local Namespace Details, Reading Address, Setting Address, Address Formats, Communication Styles
• sys/stat.h: FIFO Special Files, Making Special Files, Setting Permissions, Permission Bits, Testing File Type, Attribute Meanings, Creating Directories, Reserved Names
• sys/time.h: Setting an Alarm, High-Resolution Calendar, File Times
• sys/times.h: Processor Time, Reserved Names
• sys/timex.h: High Accuracy Clock
• sys/types.h: Setting Groups, Setting User ID, Reading Persona, Terminal Access Functions, Process Group Functions, Process Identification, Waiting for I/O
• sys/un.h: Local Namespace Details
• sys/utsname.h: Platform Type
• sys/vlimit.h: Limits on Resources
• sys/vtimes.h: Resource Usage
• sys/wait.h: BSD Wait Functions, Process Completion Status, Process Completion
• termios.h: Terminal Modes, Reserved Names
• time.h: TZ Variable, Formatting Calendar Time, Simple Calendar Time, CPU Time, File Times
• ulimit.h: Limits on Resources
• umask: Setting Permissions
• unistd.h: Options for Files, System Options, Host Identification, Who Logged In, Setting Groups, Setting User ID, Reading Persona, Terminal Access Functions, Process Group Functions, Executing a File, Creating a Process, Process Identification, Termination Internals, Using Getopt, Setting an Alarm, Is It a Terminal, Creating a Pipe, Testing File Access, File Owner, Deleting Files, Symbolic Links, Hard Links, Working Directory, Duplicating Descriptors, Descriptors and Streams, I/O Primitives, Opening and Closing Files
• utime.h: File Times
• utmp.h: Logging In and Out, Manipulating the Database
• utmpx.h: XPG Functions
• varargs.h: Old Varargs
• wchar.h: Parsing of Integers, Character Input, Simple Output, Converting Strings, Converting a Character, Keeping the state, Extended Char Intro, Collation Functions, Copying and Concatenation
• wctype.h: Wide Character Case Conversion, Classification of Wide Characters
• zoneinfo: TZ Variable

Short Contents

• Main Menu
• Introduction
• Error Reporting
• Virtual Memory Allocation And Paging
• Character Handling
• String and Array Utilities
• Character Set Handling
• Locales and Internationalization
• Message Translation
• Searching and Sorting
• Pattern Matching
• Input/Output Overview
• Input/Output on Streams
• Low-Level Input/Output
• File System Interface
• Pipes and FIFOs
• Sockets
• Low-Level Terminal Interface
• Syslog
• Mathematics
• Arithmetic Functions
• Date and Time
• Resource Usage And Limitation
• Non-Local Exits
• Signal Handling
• The Basic Program/System Interface
• Processes
• Job Control
• System Databases and Name Service Switch
• Users and Groups
• System Management
• System Configuration Parameters
• DES Encryption and Password Handling
• Debugging support
• C Language Facilities in the Library
• Summary of Library Facilities
• Installing the GNU C Library
• Library Maintenance
• Contributors to the GNU C Library
• Free Software Needs Free Documentation
• GNU Lesser General Public License
• GNU Free Documentation License
• Concept Index
• Type Index
• Function and Macro Index
• Variable and Constant Macro Index
• Program and File Index

Table of Contents

• Main Menu
• Introduction
  • Getting Started
  • Standards and Portability
    • ISO C
    • POSIX (The Portable Operating System Interface)
    • Berkeley Unix
    • SVID (The System V Interface Description)
    • XPG (The X/Open Portability Guide)
  • Using the Library
    • Header Files
    • Macro Definitions of Functions
    • Reserved Names
    • Feature Test Macros
  • Roadmap to the Manual
• Error Reporting
  • Checking for Errors
  • Error Codes
  • Error Messages
• Virtual Memory Allocation And Paging
  • Process Memory Concepts
  • Allocating Storage For Program Data
    • Memory Allocation in C Programs
      • Dynamic Memory Allocation
    • Unconstrained Allocation
      • Basic Memory Allocation
      • Examples of malloc
      • Freeing Memory Allocated with malloc
      • Changing the Size of a Block
      • Allocating Cleared Space
      • Efficiency Considerations for malloc
      • Allocating Aligned Memory Blocks
      • Malloc Tunable Parameters
      • Heap Consistency Checking
      • Memory Allocation Hooks
      • Statistics for Memory Allocation with malloc
      • Summary of malloc-Related Functions
    • Allocation Debugging
      • How to install the tracing functionality
      • Example program excerpts
      • Some more or less clever ideas
      • Interpreting the traces
    • Obstacks
      • Creating Obstacks
      • Preparing for Using Obstacks
      • Allocation in an Obstack
      • Freeing Objects in an Obstack
      • Obstack Functions and Macros
      • Growing Objects
      • Extra Fast Growing Objects
      • Status of an Obstack
      • Alignment of Data in Obstacks
      • Obstack Chunks
      • Summary of Obstack Functions
    • Automatic Storage with Variable Size
      • alloca Example
      • Advantages of alloca
      • Disadvantages of alloca
      • GNU C Variable-Size Arrays
  • Resizing the Data Segment
  • Locking Pages
    • Why Lock Pages
    • Locked Memory Details
    • Functions To Lock And Unlock Pages
• Character Handling
  • Classification of Characters
  • Case Conversion
  • Character class determination for wide characters
  • Notes on using the wide character classes
  • Mapping of wide characters.
• String and Array Utilities
  • Representation of Strings
  • String and Array Conventions
  • String Length
  • Copying and Concatenation
  • String/Array Comparison
  • Collation Functions
  • Search Functions
    • Compatibility String Search Functions
  • Finding Tokens in a String
  • strfry
  • Trivial Encryption
  • Encode Binary Data
  • Argz and Envz Vectors
    • Argz Functions
    • Envz Functions
• Character Set Handling
  • Introduction to Extended Characters
  • Overview about Character Handling Functions
  • Restartable Multibyte Conversion Functions
    • Selecting the conversion and its properties
    • Representing the state of the conversion
    • Converting Single Characters
    • Converting Multibyte and Wide Character Strings
    • A Complete Multibyte Conversion Example
  • Non-reentrant Conversion Function
    • Non-reentrant Conversion of Single Characters
    • Non-reentrant Conversion of Strings
    • States in Non-reentrant Functions
  • Generic Charset Conversion
    • Generic Character Set Conversion Interface
    • A complete iconv example
    • Some Details about other iconv Implementations
    • The iconv Implementation in the GNU C library
      • Format of gconv-modules files
      • Finding the conversion path in iconv
      • iconv module data structures
      • iconv module interfaces
• Locales and Internationalization
  • What Effects a Locale Has
  • Choosing a Locale
  • Categories of Activities that Locales Affect
  • How Programs Set the Locale
  • Standard Locales
  • Accessing Locale Information
    • localeconv: It is portable but ...
      • Generic Numeric Formatting Parameters
      • Printing the Currency Symbol
      • Printing the Sign of a Monetary Amount
    • Pinpoint Access to Locale Data
  • A dedicated function to format numbers
  • Yes-or-No Questions
• Message Translation
  • X/Open Message Catalog Handling
    • The catgets function family
    • Format of the message catalog files
    • Generate Message Catalogs files
    • How to use the catgets interface
      • Not using symbolic names
      • Using symbolic names
      • How does to this allow to develop
  • The Uniforum approach to Message Translation
    • The gettext family of functions
      • What has to be done to translate a message?
      • How to determine which catalog to be used
      • Additional functions for more complicated situations
      • How to specify the output character set gettext uses
      • How to use gettext in GUI programs
      • User influence on gettext
    • Programs to handle message catalogs for gettext
• Searching and Sorting
  • Defining the Comparison Function
  • Array Search Function
  • Array Sort Function
  • Searching and Sorting Example
  • The hsearch function.
  • The tsearch function.
• Pattern Matching
  • Wildcard Matching
  • Globbing
    • Calling glob
    • Flags for Globbing
    • More Flags for Globbing
  • Regular Expression Matching
    • POSIX Regular Expression Compilation
    • Flags for POSIX Regular Expressions
    • Matching a Compiled POSIX Regular Expression
    • Match Results with Subexpressions
    • Complications in Subexpression Matching
    • POSIX Regexp Matching Cleanup
  • Shell-Style Word Expansion
    • The Stages of Word Expansion
    • Calling wordexp
    • Flags for Word Expansion
    • wordexp Example
    • Details of Tilde Expansion
    • Details of Variable Substitution
• Input/Output Overview
  • Input/Output Concepts
    • Streams and File Descriptors
    • File Position
  • File Names
    • Directories
    • File Name Resolution
    • File Name Errors
    • Portability of File Names
• Input/Output on Streams
  • Streams
  • Standard Streams
  • Opening Streams
  • Closing Streams
  • Streams and Threads
  • Streams in Internationalized Applications
  • Simple Output by Characters or Lines
  • Character Input
  • Line-Oriented Input
  • Unreading
    • What Unreading Means
    • Using ungetc To Do Unreading
  • Block Input/Output
  • Formatted Output
    • Formatted Output Basics
    • Output Conversion Syntax
    • Table of Output Conversions
    • Integer Conversions
    • Floating-Point Conversions
    • Other Output Conversions
    • Formatted Output Functions
    • Dynamically Allocating Formatted Output
    • Variable Arguments Output Functions
    • Parsing a Template String
    • Example of Parsing a Template String
  • Customizing printf
    • Registering New Conversions
    • Conversion Specifier Options
    • Defining the Output Handler
    • printf Extension Example
    • Predefined printf Handlers
  • Formatted Input
    • Formatted Input Basics
    • Input Conversion Syntax
    • Table of Input Conversions
    • Numeric Input Conversions
    • String Input Conversions
    • Dynamically Allocating String Conversions
    • Other Input Conversions
    • Formatted Input Functions
    • Variable Arguments Input Functions
  • End-Of-File and Errors
  • Recovering from errors
  • Text and Binary Streams
  • File Positioning
  • Portable File-Position Functions
  • Stream Buffering
    • Buffering Concepts
    • Flushing Buffers
    • Controlling Which Kind of Buffering
  • Other Kinds of Streams
    • String Streams
    • Obstack Streams
    • Programming Your Own Custom Streams
      • Custom Streams and Cookies
      • Custom Stream Hook Functions
  • Formatted Messages
    • Printing Formatted Messages
    • Adding Severity Classes
    • How to use fmtmsg and addseverity
• Low-Level Input/Output
  • Opening and Closing Files
  • Input and Output Primitives
  • Setting the File Position of a Descriptor
  • Descriptors and Streams
  • Dangers of Mixing Streams and Descriptors
    • Linked Channels
    • Independent Channels
    • Cleaning Streams
  • Fast Scatter-Gather I/O
  • Memory-mapped I/O
  • Waiting for Input or Output
  • Synchronizing I/O operations
  • Perform I/O Operations in Parallel
    • Asynchronous Read and Write Operations
    • Getting the Status of AIO Operations
    • Getting into a Consistent State
    • Cancellation of AIO Operations
    • How to optimize the AIO implementation
  • Control Operations on Files
  • Duplicating Descriptors
  • File Descriptor Flags
  • File Status Flags
    • File Access Modes
    • Open-time Flags
    • I/O Operating Modes
    • Getting and Setting File Status Flags
  • File Locks
  • Interrupt-Driven Input
  • Generic I/O Control operations
• File System Interface
  • Working Directory
  • Accessing Directories
    • Format of a Directory Entry
    • Opening a Directory Stream
    • Reading and Closing a Directory Stream
    • Simple Program to List a Directory
    • Random Access in a Directory Stream
    • Scanning the Content of a Directory
    • Simple Program to List a Directory, Mark II
  • Working with Directory Trees
  • Hard Links
  • Symbolic Links
  • Deleting Files
  • Renaming Files
  • Creating Directories
  • File Attributes
    • The meaning of the File Attributes
    • Reading the Attributes of a File
    • Testing the Type of a File
    • File Owner
    • The Mode Bits for Access Permission
    • How Your Access to a File is Decided
    • Assigning File Permissions
    • Testing Permission to Access a File
    • File Times
    • File Size
  • Making Special Files
  • Temporary Files
• Pipes and FIFOs
  • Creating a Pipe
  • Pipe to a Subprocess
  • FIFO Special Files
  • Atomicity of Pipe I/O
• Sockets
  • Socket Concepts
  • Communication Styles
  • Socket Addresses
    • Address Formats
    • Setting the Address of a Socket
    • Reading the Address of a Socket
  • Interface Naming
  • The Local Namespace
    • Local Namespace Concepts
    • Details of Local Namespace
    • Example of Local-Namespace Sockets
  • The Internet Namespace
    • Internet Socket Address Formats
    • Host Addresses
      • Internet Host Addresses
      • Host Address Data Type
      • Host Address Functions
      • Host Names
    • Internet Ports
    • The Services Database
    • Byte Order Conversion
    • Protocols Database
    • Internet Socket Example
  • Other Namespaces
  • Opening and Closing Sockets
    • Creating a Socket
    • Closing a Socket
    • Socket Pairs
  • Using Sockets with Connections
    • Making a Connection
    • Listening for Connections
    • Accepting Connections
    • Who is Connected to Me?
    • Transferring Data
      • Sending Data
      • Receiving Data
      • Socket Data Options
    • Byte Stream Socket Example
    • Byte Stream Connection Server Example
    • Out-of-Band Data
  • Datagram Socket Operations
    • Sending Datagrams
    • Receiving Datagrams
    • Datagram Socket Example
    • Example of Reading Datagrams
  • The inetd Daemon
    • inetd Servers
    • Configuring inetd
  • Socket Options
    • Socket Option Functions
    • Socket-Level Options
  • Networks Database
• Low-Level Terminal Interface
  • Identifying Terminals
  • I/O Queues
  • Two Styles of Input: Canonical or Not
  • Terminal Modes
    • Terminal Mode Data Types
    • Terminal Mode Functions
    • Setting Terminal Modes Properly
    • Input Modes
    • Output Modes
    • Control Modes
    • Local Modes
    • Line Speed
    • Special Characters
      • Characters for Input Editing
      • Characters that Cause Signals
      • Special Characters for Flow Control
      • Other Special Characters
    • Noncanonical Input
  • BSD Terminal Modes
  • Line Control Functions
  • Noncanonical Mode Example
  • Pseudo-Terminals
    • Allocating Pseudo-Terminals
    • Opening a Pseudo-Terminal Pair
• Syslog
  • Overview of Syslog
  • Submitting Syslog Messages
    • openlog
    • syslog, vsyslog
    • closelog
    • setlogmask
    • Syslog Example
• Mathematics
  • Predefined Mathematical Constants
  • Trigonometric Functions
  • Inverse Trigonometric Functions
  • Exponentiation and Logarithms
  • Hyperbolic Functions
  • Special Functions
  • Known Maximum Errors in Math Functions
  • Pseudo-Random Numbers
    • ISO C Random Number Functions
    • BSD Random Number Functions
    • SVID Random Number Function
  • Is Fast Code or Small Code preferred?
• Arithmetic Functions
  • Integers
  • Integer Division
  • Floating Point Numbers
  • Floating-Point Number Classification Functions
  • Errors in Floating-Point Calculations
    • FP Exceptions
    • Infinity and NaN
    • Examining the FPU status word
    • Error Reporting by Mathematical Functions
  • Rounding Modes
  • Floating-Point Control Functions
  • Arithmetic Functions
    • Absolute Value
    • Normalization Functions
    • Rounding Functions
    • Remainder Functions
    • Setting and modifying single bits of FP values
    • Floating-Point Comparison Functions
    • Miscellaneous FP arithmetic functions
  • Complex Numbers
  • Projections, Conjugates, and Decomposing of Complex Numbers
  • Parsing of Numbers
    • Parsing of Integers
    • Parsing of Floats
  • Old-fashioned System V number-to-string functions
• Date and Time
  • Time Basics
  • Elapsed Time
  • Processor And CPU Time
    • CPU Time Inquiry
    • Processor Time Inquiry
  • Calendar Time
    • Simple Calendar Time
    • High-Resolution Calendar
    • Broken-down Time
    • High Accuracy Clock
    • Formatting Calendar Time
    • Convert textual time and date information back
      • Interpret string according to given format
      • A More User-friendly Way to Parse Times and Dates
    • Specifying the Time Zone with TZ
    • Functions and Variables for Time Zones
    • Time Functions Example
  • Setting an Alarm
  • Sleeping
• Resource Usage And Limitation
  • Resource Usage
  • Limiting Resource Usage
  • Process CPU Priority And Scheduling
    • Absolute Priority
      • Using Absolute Priority
    • Realtime Scheduling
    • Basic Scheduling Functions
    • Traditional Scheduling
      • Introduction To Traditional Scheduling
      • Functions For Traditional Scheduling
  • Querying memory available resources
    • Overview about traditional Unix memory handling
    • How to get information about the memory subsystem?
  • Learn about the processors available
• Non-Local Exits
  • Introduction to Non-Local Exits
  • Details of Non-Local Exits
  • Non-Local Exits and Signals
  • Complete Context Control
• Signal Handling
  • Basic Concepts of Signals
    • Some Kinds of Signals
    • Concepts of Signal Generation
    • How Signals Are Delivered
  • Standard Signals
    • Program Error Signals
    • Termination Signals
    • Alarm Signals
    • Asynchronous I/O Signals
    • Job Control Signals
    • Operation Error Signals
    • Miscellaneous Signals
    • Signal Messages
  • Specifying Signal Actions
    • Basic Signal Handling
    • Advanced Signal Handling
    • Interaction of signal and sigaction
    • sigaction Function Example
    • Flags for sigaction
    • Initial Signal Actions
  • Defining Signal Handlers
    • Signal Handlers that Return
    • Handlers That Terminate the Process
    • Nonlocal Control Transfer in Handlers
    • Signals Arriving While a Handler Runs
    • Signals Close Together Merge into One
    • Signal Handling and Nonreentrant Functions
    • Atomic Data Access and Signal Handling
      • Problems with Non-Atomic Access
      • Atomic Types
      • Atomic Usage Patterns
  • Primitives Interrupted by Signals
  • Generating Signals
    • Signaling Yourself
    • Signaling Another Process
    • Permission for using kill
    • Using kill for Communication
  • Blocking Signals
    • Why Blocking Signals is Useful
    • Signal Sets
    • Process Signal Mask
    • Blocking to Test for Delivery of a Signal
    • Blocking Signals for a Handler
    • Checking for Pending Signals
    • Remembering a Signal to Act On Later
  • Waiting for a Signal
    • Using pause
    • Problems with pause
    • Using sigsuspend
  • Using a Separate Signal Stack
  • BSD Signal Handling
    • BSD Function to Establish a Handler
    • BSD Functions for Blocking Signals
• The Basic Program/System Interface
  • Program Arguments
    • Program Argument Syntax Conventions
    • Parsing Program Arguments
  • Parsing program options using getopt
    • Using the getopt function
    • Example of Parsing Arguments with getopt
    • Parsing Long Options with getopt_long
    • Example of Parsing Long Options with getopt_long
  • Parsing Program Options with Argp
    • The argp_parse Function
    • Argp Global Variables
    • Specifying Argp Parsers
    • Specifying Options in an Argp Parser
      • Flags for Argp Options
    • Argp Parser Functions
      • Special Keys for Argp Parser Functions
      • Functions For Use in Argp Parsers
      • Argp Parsing State
    • Combining Multiple Argp Parsers
    • Flags for argp_parse
    • Customizing Argp Help Output
      • Special Keys for Argp Help Filter Functions
    • The argp_help Function
    • Flags for the argp_help Function
    • Argp Examples
      • A Minimal Program Using Argp
      • A Program Using Argp with Only Default Options
      • A Program Using Argp with User Options
      • A Program Using Multiple Combined Argp Parsers
    • Argp User Customization
      • Parsing of Suboptions
    • Parsing of Suboptions Example
  • Environment Variables
    • Environment Access
    • Standard Environment Variables
  • System Calls
  • Program Termination
    • Normal Termination
    • Exit Status
    • Cleanups on Exit
    • Aborting a Program
    • Termination Internals
• Processes
  • Running a Command
  • Process Creation Concepts
  • Process Identification
  • Creating a Process
  • Executing a File
  • Process Completion
  • Process Completion Status
  • BSD Process Wait Functions
  • Process Creation Example
• Job Control
  • Concepts of Job Control
  • Job Control is Optional
  • Controlling Terminal of a Process
  • Access to the Controlling Terminal
  • Orphaned Process Groups
  • Implementing a Job Control Shell
    • Data Structures for the Shell
    • Initializing the Shell
    • Launching Jobs
    • Foreground and Background
    • Stopped and Terminated Jobs
    • Continuing Stopped Jobs
    • The Missing Pieces
  • Functions for Job Control
    • Identifying the Controlling Terminal
    • Process Group Functions
    • Functions for Controlling Terminal Access
• System Databases and Name Service Switch
  • NSS Basics
  • The NSS Configuration File
    • Services in the NSS configuration File
    • Actions in the NSS configuration
    • Notes on the NSS Configuration File
  • NSS Module Internals
    • The Naming Scheme of the NSS Modules
    • The Interface of the Function in NSS Modules
  • Extending NSS
    • Adding another Service to NSS
    • Internals of the NSS Module Functions
• Users and Groups
  • User and Group IDs
  • The Persona of a Process
  • Why Change the Persona of a Process?
  • How an Application Can Change Persona
  • Reading the Persona of a Process
  • Setting the User ID
  • Setting the Group IDs
  • Enabling and Disabling Setuid Access
  • Setuid Program Example
  • Tips for Writing Setuid Programs
  • Identifying Who Logged In
  • The User Accounting Database
    • Manipulating the User Accounting Database
    • XPG User Accounting Database Functions
    • Logging In and Out
  • User Database
    • The Data Structure that Describes a User
    • Looking Up One User
    • Scanning the List of All Users
    • Writing a User Entry
  • Group Database
    • The Data Structure for a Group
    • Looking Up One Group
    • Scanning the List of All Groups
  • User and Group Database Example
  • Netgroup Database
    • Netgroup Data
    • Looking up one Netgroup
    • Testing for Netgroup Membership
• System Management
  • Host Identification
  • Platform Type Identification
  • Controlling and Querying Mounts
    • Mount Information
      • The fstab file
      • The mtab file
      • Other (Non-libc) Sources of Mount Information
    • Mount, Unmount, Remount
  • System Parameters
• System Configuration Parameters
  • General Capacity Limits
  • Overall System Options
  • Which Version of POSIX is Supported
  • Using sysconf
    • Definition of sysconf
    • Constants for sysconf Parameters
    • Examples of sysconf
  • Minimum Values for General Capacity Limits
  • Limits on File System Capacity
  • Optional Features in File Support
  • Minimum Values for File System Limits
  • Using pathconf
  • Utility Program Capacity Limits
  • Minimum Values for Utility Limits
  • String-Valued Parameters
• DES Encryption and Password Handling
  • Legal Problems
  • Reading Passwords
  • Encrypting Passwords
  • DES Encryption
• Debugging support
  • Backtraces
• C Language Facilities in the Library
  • Explicitly Checking Internal Consistency
  • Variadic Functions
    • Why Variadic Functions are Used
    • How Variadic Functions are Defined and Used
      • Syntax for Variable Arguments
      • Receiving the Argument Values
      • How Many Arguments Were Supplied
      • Calling Variadic Functions
      • Argument Access Macros
    • Example of a Variadic Function
      • Old-Style Variadic Functions
  • Null Pointer Constant
  • Important Data Types
  • Data Type Measurements
    • Computing the Width of an Integer Data Type
    • Range of an Integer Type
    • Floating Type Macros
      • Floating Point Representation Concepts
      • Floating Point Parameters
      • IEEE Floating Point
    • Structure Field Offset Measurement
• Summary of Library Facilities
• Installing the GNU C Library
  • Configuring and compiling GNU Libc
  • Installing the C Library
  • Recommended Tools for Compilation
  • Supported Configurations
  • Specific advice for Linux systems
  • Reporting Bugs
• Library Maintenance
  • Adding New Functions
  • Porting the GNU C Library
    • Layout of the sysdeps Directory Hierarchy
    • Porting the GNU C Library to Unix Systems
• Contributors to the GNU C Library
• Free Software Needs Free Documentation
• GNU Lesser General Public License
  • Preamble
  • How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries
• GNU Free Documentation License
  • ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
• Concept Index
• Type Index
• Function and Macro Index
• Variable and Constant Macro Index
• Program and File Index